On the problem of raising plants

As said upstairs, there are many plants involved, and I can't finish here. Simply say a few, talk about our common ornamental plants:

First of all, plants suitable for spring are:

Begonia, Plum Blossom, Narcissus, Yingchun, Primula, Daphne, Camellia, Magnolia, Magnolia, Qionghua, Clivia, Begonia, Peony, Peony, Lilac, Rhododendron, Cherry Blossom, Smiling, Rose, Bauhinia, Tang Di, Brocade, Forsythia, Yunnan Yellow Heart, Plantagenet, Cyclamen, Phalaenopsis. Pogostemon cablin, Begonia Four Seasons, Tripterygium Wilfordii, Begonia, Pelargonium, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Yu Meiren, Ceratophyllum, Petunia.

Rhododendron —— Beauty in Flowers

Alias: Yingshanhong, Shan Shiliu, Mountain Wandering, Red Wandering.

Family name: Ericaceae

Origin and Habit: There are about 900 species of rhododendron, about 850 species in Asia, including about 530 species in China, which are distributed in all communities except Xinjiang. There are about 280 species in New Guinea and Malaysia, almost all of which are epiphytes. In addition, there are 24 species in North America, 9 species in Europe and 1 species in Oceania. There are many kinds of rhododendrons, which vary greatly, including evergreen trees, small trees, evergreen shrubs and deciduous shrubs. Habits are also very different, but most species are produced in high altitude areas, preferring cool and humid climate and avoiding extreme heat and dryness. The soil is required to be rich in humus, loose and moist, and the ph value is between 5.5 and 6.5. Some species and horticultural varieties have strong adaptability, drought tolerance and barren tolerance, and can grow in the soil ph value of 7-8. Rhododendron has certain requirements for light, but it is not resistant to exposure. In summer and autumn, there should be trees or shade sheds to keep out the scorching sun. Generally, bamboo shoots are picked in spring and autumn, mainly bamboo shoots. The optimum growth temperature is 15 ~ 25℃. When the temperature is higher than 30℃ or lower than 5℃, the growth tends to stagnate. There is a short dormant period in winter.

Morphological characteristics: There are many kinds of rhododendrons with different shapes. From big trees (more than 20m in height) to small shrubs (only 10cm-20cm in height), the trunk is erect or creeping, and the branches alternate or alternate.

The varieties often cultivated in China are: Mao Juan, Xia Juan, Xijuan, Wild Tobacco, Rhododendron rubrum, Mayflower and Rhododendron yunyin.

Note: the plants and flowers of Rhododendron flavum contain toxins, which will cause poisoning after eating by mistake; The flowers of Rhododendron leucocephala contain tetracyclic diterpenoids, which cause vomiting, dyspnea and numbness of limbs after poisoning.

apricot flower

Alias: apricot tree

Family name: Rosaceae

Morphological characteristics: Deciduous trees. Branchlets brown or reddish brown. The leaves are ovoid or ovoid-elliptic, with obtuse serrations, and there are 1 -6 glands at the base of the petiole. Flowers are solitary with open leaves and white or reddish petals. Flowering from March to May. Drupe nearly ovoid, slit and pilose, pale yellow to yellowish red. The fruit ripens in June-July.

camellia

Camellia-a treasure in flowers

Alias: Datura stramonium, Yuchun, Toona sinensis, Naidong, Camellia japonica, Late Camellia japonica, Camellia japonica and foreign tea.

Name: Tea Tree

Origin and Habit: China, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Shandong; Japan and the Korean peninsula are also distributed. It is an evergreen shrub or small tree. I like semi-shade, avoiding the hot sun. Like warm climate, the suitable growth temperature is 18 ~ 25℃, and the initial flowering period is 2℃. Slightly cold-tolerant, general varieties can tolerate-10℃ low temperature and heat, but the growth above 36℃ is inhibited. Like high air humidity, avoid drying, and grow in areas with annual precipitation 1200mm or more. I like fertile and loose slightly acidic soil, and the PH value is preferably 5.5 ~ 6.5. There are two buds a year, the first is spring buds, and the summer buds sprout from March to April to July to September. The flowering period is long, most varieties are 1 ~ 2 months, and the single flower flowering period is usually 7 ~ 15 days. The flowering period is from February to March.

Morphological characteristics: Plant height is about 15m. Branchlets are yellow-brown. Leaves alternate, ovoid to elliptic, with serrated edges. Flowers are solitary or paired in leaf axils or branch tops; The flower diameter is 5 ~ 6 cm, with white, red, reddish and other colors; 5 ~ 7 petals.

Camellia varieties can be divided into three categories, 12 flower pattern:

1, single petal type: petals 1 ~ 2 rounds, 5 ~ 7 pieces, connected at the base, mostly tubular and solid. There is only 1 type under it, that is, single valve type.

osmanthus flowers

Osmanthus fragrans-fragrance of nine miles

It is the flower of Oleaceae.

Alias: Osmanthus fragrans, Osmanthus fragrans, Osmanthus fragrans, Murraya murraya.

Family name: Oleaceae

Origin and Habit: It is found in southwest China, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hubei and other provinces, and also distributed in India, Nepal and Cambodia. For evergreen shrubs or small trees. I like light, but I need some shade at the seedling stage. Like warm and ventilated environment, not cold-resistant. Suitable for acidic sandy loam with deep soil layer, good drainage and rich humus, avoid alkaline soil and stagnant water. Usually, it can bloom twice in a row, with an interval of about 15 days. Flowering: September -65438+ 10.

Morphological characteristics: plant height is about 15m, bark is rough, taupe or grayish white leaves are opposite, ovoid, ovoid to lanceolate, and the whole or upper part is sparsely serrated. Flowers cluster in leaf axils to form cymes. The flowers are small, yellow and white, and very fragrant.

Peony-the king of flowers

Alias: Lujiu, Peony, Kao, Luoyang Wang, Fuguihua.

Family name: Paeoniaceae

Origin and Habit: China, deciduous subshrub. Love cool and hate hot, suitable for dry and wet. I can tolerate the low temperature of -30℃ and grow normally in areas with an annual average relative humidity of about 45%. Like light, but also a little tolerant of shade. Loose, fertile and well-drained neutral loam or sandy loam is required, and it is forbidden to stick heavy soil or plant at low temperature. The flowering period is April-May.

Morphological characteristics: fleshy root system is developed, with few branches and fibrous roots. Plant height 1-3m, the old stems are grayish brown and the branches are yellowish brown. Bipinnate compound leaves, alternate. Flowers are solitary at the top of stem, with flower diameter 10-30cm. The colors are white, yellow, pink, red, purple and multicolor, and there are single flowers, compound flowers, double flowers and cabinet flowers.

2. Plants suitable for summer: lotus, orchid, variegated wood, sunflower, etc. , native to tropical, subtropical and southern warm areas. Can be divided into the following categories:

1. Annual or biennial flowers. Such as Guayeju, calceolaria, sweet pea, etc.

Perennial flowers. Such as Gerbera jamesonii and Clivia.

3. Bulb flowers. Such as cyclamen, Zhu Dinghong, Erythrina macrophylla, calla lily, cauliflower taro, etc.

4. Orchidaceae plants can be divided into:

(1) Terrestrial orchids: orchids, onions, orchids, etc.

(2) Epiphytic orchids: such as Dendrobium, Vanilla, Paphiopedilum, etc.

5. succulent plants: refers to plants with developed water storage tissues in stems and leaves, which are stout, juicy and deformed. Including cactus, Sedum, Euphorbiaceae, Compositae, Bromeliaceae, Agavaceae and other plants.

Ferns. According to the different viewing methods, it can be divided into the following four categories:

(1) landscaping ferns. Such as Cuiyuncao and Alsophila spinulosa. Among them, Alsophila spinulosa, also known as tree fern, is the largest fern, with a height exceeding 10 meter. It is an ancient group, an endangered species in China and a national first-class protected plant. In addition, Sophora japonica and Manjianghong are good materials for water surface greening.

⑵ potted foliage ferns. Such as lycopodium, black fern, Pteris vittata, Adiantum, etc. Among them, Lycopodium japonicum, Dryopteris nephrolepis and Pteris ferrugineus are important materials for matching leaves of cut flowers.

(3) hanging ferns. Such as kidney fern, nest fern and so on.

(4) Pteridophytes in rock bonsai. Such as Selaginella and fern. Among them, the small fern is the smallest fern, only a few centimeters in size.

7. Insectivorous plants. Such as Nepenthes, Nepenthes, etc. In some cut flower art, it is often used as an artistic flower arrangement material.

⒏ Plants of Pyraceae. Such as water hyacinth and pineapple.

Pet-name ruby plants. Such as mallow, brown bamboo, pocket coconut and other foliage flowers.

10. Flowers and trees include poinsettia and deciduous trees.

1 1. Wang Lian, tropical water lilies and other aquatic flowers.

Wen Lan Shu

Datura plants are clean and beautiful, with green leaves, civilized summer, white flowers and rich fragrance. Plants are huge, and potted plants are suitable for indoor layout at the entrance of the gate and the conference hall. In the south, you can cultivate in the open space, decorate the courtyard and shape the landscape. In warm areas, it can be planted in gardens for viewing; Potted flowers in greenhouses in cold regions. Sex likes warmth, humidity and plenty of sunshine. In the north, it can be cultivated outdoors in summer and moved indoors in winter.

Origin: tropical Asia, the coastal or riverside sandy land in Guangdong and Yunnan is wild.

There are many leaves, strips and clustered stems, and the height can reach 1 m; Umbellies have 10 to 24 flowers; These flowers are white and fragrant. I like loose and fertile soil.

Its growing period is longer, sowing in spring is better, and its seeds are large, so it should be planted in shallow pots. It germinates 2 weeks after sowing, and the sown seedlings need to be maintained for 3 ~ 4 years before flowering. The ramet propagation is combined with changing pots in March-April.

Variable leaf wood

The leaf shape of variable leaf wood is ever-changing, and the leaf color is colorful, which is the most abundant variety of leaf color, leaf shape and leaf spot in foliage plants. As a potted plant, it is suitable for the layout of southern courtyards, and its leaves are excellent decorative materials for garlands, flower baskets and flower arrangements.

Variable leaf wood, also known as fig, is native to Indonesia and Pacific islands. I like high temperature, humidity and bright light, but I am not resistant to frost and snow. In winter, the temperature is not lower than 15℃, and I like thick, fertile and water-retaining soil.

Common cutting propagation. In June-August, cut off the top tender tip, which is 10 cm long, dry it, then insert it into the sand bed and take root after 3 weeks. In summer, besides watering, you should also spray water frequently to keep the leaves clean.

Madagascar palm

Sunflower is a famous high-grade potted foliage plant with beautiful plant shape and shade tolerance. It can be planted in small and medium pots or in huge wooden barrels. Suitable for living room, study and bedroom. I like semi-cloudy, humid and warm environment. When cultivated in greenhouse in the north, half sunshine should be covered in spring, summer and autumn; There is no shade in the greenhouse in winter.

Origin: Madagascar, widely cultivated all over the world, is one of the large-scale potted palm plants.

Palm-tufted evergreen shrub, 8 meters high in tropical areas. The stem is smooth and burr-free. Leaves smooth and slender, pinnate leaflets and petioles slightly curved, bright green; The slender petioles and stems are golden yellow.

Potted with humus or peat soil and 1/3 river sand. Fertilize every 1 ~ 2 weeks during the growing period.

Third, plants suitable for autumn:

1, cotinus coggygria: Shrub or small tree of Uraciaceae, 2- 10 m high, cold-resistant and drought-tolerant, the main tree species in Xiangshan, and the plants can reach more than 10 m in Qinling and Funiu Mountain areas with warm and suitable climate, and the leaves are relatively red.

2. Fraxinus chinensis: Oleaceae tree, 15-30m, odd pinnate compound leaves, opposite; Flowers are unisexual, the first leaves are open, and the samara is mature in autumn, belonging to 70 species, 27 species in China, and more than 0 species in North China/kloc-0. Street trees are mostly Fraxinus mandshurica, Fraxinus mandshurica, Fraxinus mandshurica, Fraxinus microphylla and so on. In autumn, the leaves turn yellow.

3. Persimmon: Deciduous arbor and fruit tree unique to China, 300-400 years old, cold-resistant and drought-tolerant, planted in the street garden of "Three North" cities. There are more than 200 varieties of persimmons, such as Gai persimmon, Dahongpao persimmon, Huojing persimmon, Sifang persimmon and Lotus persimmon. Persimmons in late autumn have red leaves and green branches, and the persimmon fruits are orange and red, which is very beautiful and has few pests and diseases. It is the first choice for street garden and farmhouse greening and beautification.

4. Ginkgo biloba is a specialty of China. Many famous temples are planted with dioecious plants, fan-shaped leaves and golden autumn. There are 3000-year-old trees in Lu Xian County. 1994 and 1995, the deputies to the Second Session of the Eighth National People's Congress put forward the proposal of "designating Ginkgo biloba as the national tree" twice.

5. Quercus: deciduous trees of FAGACEAE, up to 20 meters high. Branchlets are stout, grooved, with obovate leaves, length 10-20cm, width 7- 14cm, 4-9 pairs of serrations on the edge, and rare flowers of the same plant. Drought-tolerant and light-loving, with deep roots. Naturally distributed in the mountainous areas of northeast, north, northwest and southwest, it is an excellent variety of urban isolation belt and park greening. There are more than 300 species of this genus, and there are more than 60 species in China. Leaves are bright green in spring, dark green in summer and yellow or golden yellow in autumn. It is full of yellow leaves in winter and when it snows, which is spectacular.

6. Metasequoia glyptostroboides: tall deciduous tree, a national first-class protected tree species, used for greening and beautification in more than 20 provinces and cities. Metasequoia glyptostroboides has fine leaves in summer, and the wind is silent, which is suitable for enjoying the cool. The leaves in the crown turn red in autumn. There are three trees in Beijing Zoo. The earliest tree is 58 years old.

7. Acer: There are more than 200 species in two genera, 70% of which are native to China. The leaves are palmately divided, with lobes 3, 5, 7, 9, 1 1, 13. Castanea henryi leaves are deeply divided, thin, with linear cracks and fine red.

Buxus macrophylla: a shrub or small tree of Buxus macrophylla, 65,438+0-2 meters long, with 2-4 longitudinally divided corky branches and wings, and 0.5-65,438+0.5 cm wide. Buxus macrophylla, with colorful exocarp, grows in patches in Dongling Mountain and Baihua Mountain in Beijing, with striking and pleasant colors. Euonymus japonicus has purple leaves in autumn. There are 180 species in the world, 120 species in China, and there are also Phnom Penh, white border, lace and boxwood.

9. Liquidambar formosana: a tall tree of Hamamelidaceae, widely planted in the Yangtze River valley, forms a beautiful scenic forest with Chinese tallow, camphor, Ligustrum lucidum, Eucommia ulmoides and Phyllostachys pubescens. "The Yangtze River is full of water and there are maple trees on it." "Maple trees are not cold-tolerant, and first frost is carmine." Although the small trees of Liquidambar formosana introduced from Beijing Botanical Garden are not as tall as those in the south, the autumn leaves are as red as fire and the frost leaves are as red as February flowers.

10, Mulberry: Deciduous trees and shrubs, as high as 15 meters, with thick and deeply split skin, oval leaves and dioecious plants, which are called "oriental sacred trees" and "one tree grows and one village smokes". In autumn, the crowns of trees are all yellow, orange or khaki, which shows the unique temperament of the sacred trees in China.

There are nearly 200 kinds of colorful trees in the world, belonging to 40 families. Ulmus pumila and porcupine spines are found from the north of the Yangtze River valley to the north of China. Mahonia, Nandina domestica, Schisandra chinensis, heather, papaya, sorbus, sumac, Toona sinensis, etc. Can be planted. In addition, there are a number of elm, pear, hawthorn, larch, birch and azalea depending on the mountain.

Plants Suitable for Winter: Plum Blossom, Populus tomentosa, Alnus cremastogyne, Quercus acutissima, Elm, Platanus acerifolia, Pear, Gleditsia sinensis, Luanshu, Tilia amurensis, Catalpa bungeana, Jujube, Wisteria, Vitex negundo, Rosa roxburghii, Rose, Huangmei, Leng Xiang Rose, etc.

I can't write any more, so let's stop here!