The Present Situation and Development Prospect of C2C E-commerce

The development status and prospect of e-commerce in China

China's computer application has a history of more than 4 years, but e-commerce is only more than ten years. On September 2th, 1987, China's first e-mail crossed the Great Wall and opened to the world, which opened the curtain for China to use the Internet.

The development process of e-commerce in China can be divided into three stages:

1.199-1993, the stage of developing EDI e-commerce application

In the 199s, China began to develop EDI e-commerce application. Since 199, the State Planning Commission and the Science and Technology Commission have included EDI in the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" national key scientific and technological projects. For example, the national foreign trade license EDI system of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, the shipping/air transport management EDI system of China Foreign Trade Transportation Corporation, the "Sinochem Finance, Petroleum and Rubber Trade EDI System" of China Chemical Import and Export Corporation and the "Application of EDI in Export Trade" of Shandong Embroidery Company. In September 1991, the State Council Electronic Information System Promotion and Application Office led the establishment of the "Coordination Group for Promoting EDI Application in China" with the State Planning Commission, Science and Technology Commission, Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, Ministry of Domestic Trade, Ministry of Communications, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Electronics, State Bureau of Technical Supervision, Commodity Inspection Bureau, Administration of Foreign Exchange, General Administration of Customs, Bank of China, People's Bank of China, People's Insurance Company of China, Taxation Bureau and CCPIT, and in October of the same year, the "China" was established. EDI is applied in domestic and foreign trade, transportation, banking and other departments.

2. From 1993 to 1997, government leaders organized the "Three Gold Projects" to lay the foundation for the development of e-commerce.

In p>1993, the joint meeting of national economic informatization chaired by Premier Fu of the State Council and its office were established, and the "three gold projects" such as Golden Pass, Gold Card and Gold Tax were organized successively, and significant progress was made. In May 1994, the People's Bank of China, the Ministry of Electronics and the Global Information Infrastructure Committee (GIIC) jointly organized the "Beijing International Forum on Electronic Commerce", with 7 participants from the United States, Britain, France, Germany, Japan, Australia, Egypt and Canada. In October 1994, "Asia-Pacific e-commerce seminar was held in Beijing", which made the concept of e-commerce spread in China. In 1995, the Internet in China began to be commercialized. Internet ．COMpanies (ISP,. com companies) began to rise.

In January 1996, the State Council National Leading Group for Informatization was established, headed by Vice Premier and attended by more than 2 ministries and commissions, to lead and organize China's informatization construction in a unified way. In 1996, the whole bridge network and the Internet were officially opened.

In 1997, the Information Office organized relevant departments to draft and compile China's informatization plan, and in April 1997, a national informatization work conference was held in Shenzhen. Various provinces, cities and regions successively set up informatization leading groups and their offices, and all provinces began to formulate their own informatization construction plans including e-commerce. In 1997, advertisers began to use online advertising. Since April 1997, China Commodity Ordering System (CGOS) has been in operation.

3. In 1998, it began to enter the development stage of Internet e-commerce.

In March 1998, the first online transaction in China was successful. In July, 1998, China Commodity Exchange Market was officially established, and it was called "the never-ending Canton Fair". China commodity spot trading market is the first spot electronic trading market in China. In 1999, the amount of electronic transactions in the spot electronic market reached 2 billion RMB. China Bank cooperated with Telecom Data and Information Bureau to carry out the pilot project of China Bank's e-commerce in Hunan, and launched the first SET of e-commerce system based on SET in China. In October 1998, the State Economic and Trade Commission and the Ministry of Information Industry jointly announced the launch of the "Golden Trade Project" with electronic trade as the main content. It is a large-scale pilot project to promote network applications and develop electronic commerce in the field of economic and trade circulation. In 1998, the capital, Shanghai and other cities started e-commerce projects, launched electronic shopping malls, electronic shopping malls and electronic shopping malls, carried out online shopping and online transactions, established financial and non-financial demonstration centers, and related standards and regulations, laying a foundation for the future development of e-commerce. At present, China's e-commerce is still in its infancy or initial stage. The medical e-commerce network was put into operation in 1998, and 1, enterprises and institutions in the medical and health industry are connected to the network, which can provide thousands of Chinese and western medicine information. The national inventory commodity adjustment network, national construction online and real estate online promotion have all been officially opened.

In March 1999, B2C websites such as 8848 were officially opened, and online shopping entered the practical application stage.

In 1999, generalized e-commerce such as government online, enterprise online, e-government (government online project), online tax payment, online education (online university of Hunan University and Zhejiang University) and remote diagnosis (big hospitals in Beijing and Shanghai) began to be launched, and pilot projects have been carried out.

e-commerce is gradually taking the traditional industry B2B as the main body. E-commerce service provider (dotcom) is shifting from illusory and venture capital market to the change of real market demand, combining with traditional enterprises with business, and at the same time, some more successful and profitable e-commerce applications are beginning to appear. Due to the further improvement of the external environment such as infrastructure and the application mode of e-commerce, the demand for e-commerce in the real market is maturing, and the trend of "localization" of e-commerce software and solutions is accelerating. The e-commerce software and solutions developed by domestic enterprises or aimed at domestic applications are gradually dominant in the market. China's e-commerce has started in an all-round way and has achieved initial results. The advantages of e-commerce based on network will be further developed.

2. the development status of e-commerce in China

2.1 the number of computers, internet users and websites in China has increased rapidly in recent years

the number of computer internet users, websites and domain names in China has increased rapidly, according to the statistics of relevant departments:

1.15 12

The number of computers installed is 22 million, 28 million, 35 million and 39 million

The number of networked computers is 8.92 million, 12.54 million, 16.13 million, 2.83 million

The number of Internet users is 22.5 million, 33.7 million, 45.8 million, 59.1 million

The number of domain names is 22,, 127, and 126,17. 9,

The number of websites is 265,, 277,, 293, and 37. 1,

The rapid development of China's Internet has promoted the networking of e-commerce and computer applications.

2.2 E-government project started in an all-round way and achieved initial results

In 22, E-government entered the stage of full implementation, and the national government procurement investment was 35 billion yuan (25 billion yuan for hardware, 4.5 billion yuan for software and 5.5 billion yuan for information service), an increase of 25% over the same period. In July 22, the State Information Office published the guiding opinions on China's E-government construction, including three major measures: 1) establishing two unified E-governments. 2) Promote the construction of 12 gold-lettered projects (golden tax, golden customs, golden finance, golden audit, etc.). 3) Accelerate the construction of important strategic databases (population, agricultural information database, etc.). Governments at all levels in China are implementing it. In January 21, there were 4,615 gov.com domain names applied by governments at all levels, and in December 22, there were more than 7,796. In some provinces, township governments have all gone online, and government information has been published on government websites at all levels, opening up channels for communication and service with the public. Many local governments have established information dissemination and inquiry systems for the masses, and set up "mayor's mailbox" and "government mailbox" to facilitate the public to participate in politics and deliberation. Beijing Capital Public Information Platform has established 142 government websites to carry out more than 8 online office projects and provided 565 forms for downloading office announcements. In Shanghai, 143 government websites have been established to realize cross-departmental industrial and commercial online parallel approval. In the past, it took more than 3 days to run 18 departments, but now it only takes 5 days to run one department. Guangzhou has established 76 government websites and 93 application systems, such as 43 departments' online examination and approval in the "parallel examination and approval system for enterprise registration and annual inspection". Qingdao e-government project has been rated as one of the national e-government demonstration projects by the General Office of the State Council and the Ministry of Science and Technology, setting a number of records for the construction of government websites with the most advanced technical performance, the richest information resources and the largest number of visits. It has also taken the lead in e-government strategy, technical research and e-government planning and construction, and established an e-port system in customs and other departments. There are more than 4, computer wide area networks in the national tax system, and the national tax computer network has basically been built. More than 2 million taxpayers in the country are managed by computers, and 75% of the national tax is collected by computers. The anti-counterfeiting tax control system has been implemented nationwide, and the tax authorities have carried out online declaration and tax payment in some areas. Online tax collection has been realized in some provinces and cities such as Shanghai, Jiangsu, Shandong and Guangdong, and online government bidding and procurement has been implemented in some provinces and cities, such as Shenzhen 6 million. The full implementation of e-government has effectively promoted the development of e-commerce.

2.3 China's e-commerce environment continues to improve

China's e-commerce development environment (network infrastructure and other operating environment, legal environment, market environment, online payment, information security, certification center construction and other conditions) has been gradually improved, and national policies and regulations on e-commerce will be introduced soon, which has established basic conditions for the development of e-commerce. With the increase of network bandwidth, the total international export bandwidth reached 888M in 22, an increase of 23% over 21. 5%； The total interconnection bandwidth between the nine Internet units and the China National Internet Exchange Center (NAP) reached 21412M, and the broadband access increased greatly, with 4.17 million users, including 1.87 million ADSL users, 1.7 million LAN users and 6, CableModem and wireless users. Substantial progress has been made in the national modern payment system. On October 8, 22, the large-value real-time payment system was successfully put into operation in Beijing and Wuhan. By the end of February, 23, it was promoted in 11 economically developed major cities such as Shanghai, Tianjin, Jinan, Shenyang, Chengdu, Xi 'an, Shenzhen and Haikou, initially forming a nationwide inter-bank and inter-regional bank card information exchange network. Some progress has been made in logistics distribution. China Post, which has the largest delivery network in China, has joined the field of e-commerce, and some professional distribution enterprises specializing in e-commerce projects have also appeared one after another.

2.4 rapid development of e-commerce in the industry

In p>22, the operating environment of foreign trade e-commerce was greatly improved, and the nationwide online application and certification system for import and export licenses was fully put into operation, and enterprises could apply for import and export licenses online; The Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation has already established online Canton Fair, China Commodity Exchange Market, China Technology Export Fair, China Investment Promotion and other sites on the Internet, including China Commodity Exchange Market (Chinamarket.com.cn), where nearly 3, kinds of commodities from more than 8, enterprises have been displayed all the year round in this virtual market, and an online negotiation platform has been opened this year. By June 22, igo5.com's monthly sales had exceeded 4 million yuan. In September, 22, Shihuakai set a new record for online open pure e-commerce procurement in Asia with a single transnational online purchase amount exceeding RMB 1 million. This transaction opened four bidding markets and auctioned four different special plastics. The total turnover exceeded 1 million, saving the purchaser more than one million RMB, and the saving ratio reached 1.72%. So far, Shihuakai has successfully held more than a dozen online bidding and ordering meetings for China's export commodities, including the largest office stationery chain in the United States and the largest German retailer. Netease cooperated with eBay in online auction in early 21. On July 5, 22, the contract expired and the auction cooperation between the two parties officially expired. On July 9, 22, Netease Auction appeared on its homepage and launched its own auction service. On March 18th, 22, American eBay Company injected 3 million dollars into eBay, and eBay cooperated with American eBay Company to acquire 33% equity of eBay, making eBay the largest CtoC online auction website in China. In 22, the sales of mobile phones on the Internet in China increased by nearly 15%. At present, there are 264 mobile phone models of various brands at home and abroad, all of which can be sold through the Internet. The online sales price of the same mobile phone is 1% to 2% lower than that of the traditional specialty store, and the online sales of mobile phone accessories can be 4% to 5% cheaper than that of the traditional specialty store. Beijing community e-commerce project has achieved remarkable results in the past year: relying on the capital public information platform to connect 18 districts and counties and 149 streets into a whole, realizing interconnection, establishing 169 websites in 169 community service centers, forming a group of community service information networks covering the whole city, installing 149 sets of street hotline calling systems, installing management software in 1,2 communities, developing community e-commerce support platforms, and realizing network access in 2,4 communities. Shanghai social security card project has achieved results in recent years, with 8 million cards issued and 6 million people used for medical insurance settlement.

Jinan e-commerce and modern logistics application demonstration project has established e-commerce alliances with 22 home appliance manufacturers and more than 2 vendors, with Sanlian Group as the leader, and transformed 34 chain stores, 24 of which implemented close distributor management system and 1 implemented core distributor management system (that is, unified management by ERP). The distribution efficiency between headquarters and chain stores has been greatly improved, and the order processing time has been shortened from 1.5 days to 5 minutes, realizing the comprehensive integration of business flow, information flow and logistics, and enjoying the resources. Hainan has carried out pilot projects in tourism e-commerce and online marketing of agricultural products, Chongqing has carried out online agriculture, trade supermarkets and online light industry markets, Xuzhou Huaihai Food Mall and Tianjin, and has accumulated useful experience. China Telecom Hunan E-commerce Center has established 179 portals to provide online security services such as secure trading, secure payment, securities, banking, shopping and CA demonstration.

2.6 development status of China's B2B and B2C markets According to CCID's research and analysis data, in December 22, there were 3,84 e-commerce websites in China, an increase of 12% compared with 3,391 in 21, and 1,533 websites were able to operate effectively, an increase of 16% compared with 1,326 in 21; There are 2277 consumer e-commerce websites, including 285 comprehensive websites, 1992 professional websites and 737 that can operate effectively; There are 1,527 B2B websites, including 189 comprehensive websites, 1,338 professional websites and 796 that can operate effectively. E-commerce market scale, e-commerce transaction volume in 22 was 18.9 billion yuan, an increase of 66.8% over 21. 2%； B2C transaction volume was 13 in 21. 1.5 billion yuan, 2.5 billion yuan in 22, with an annual growth rate of 9%; B2B transaction volume 21