What are some of the honest characters in ancient and modern times?

Kou Zhun, Liu Luoban, Ji Xiaolan, In feudal society, the people of the good officials called Qingguan. In the official canonical history, the good officials generally do not call the Qingguan, but called "循吏", "良吏", "incorruptible officials" and so on. China was the first country in the world to establish a bureaucracy, and from Sima Qian's "Records of the Grand Historian" onwards, a typology of bureaucrats appeared. What are the criteria for a good official? Different periods had different focuses. Sima Qian's criteria were: practicing education, being clean and law-abiding. In the Warring States, Qin and the early Han Dynasty, when legalistic politics was advocated, law-abiding was the most important criterion for a good official. In the period of "sole respect for Confucianism", the implementation of education and culture became the standard of good officials. But because the effectiveness of indoctrination is difficult to assess, from the Three Kingdoms onwards, according to Sima Yi's thinking, Qing, prudence and diligence became the official standardization of officialdom, and the Qing official gradually became synonymous with the good official.

The clean officials in feudal society were in fact representatives of the ruling class, all serving to maintain feudal rule. Only, compared to the corrupt officials, they are after all beneficial to the people, for the people have done some good things, the history of society has played a role, but also more people praise; they are honest, fair law enforcement side, the rule of law today and the construction of honesty and integrity, there is still no lack of learning, learning from the significance. Therefore, we are from the ancient Chinese officials, selected from the most representative of the ten people for a brief introduction.

Ximen Bao - a native of Wei during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods. At that time, Yedi was an important gateway to the capital of Wei and a strategic location, but there were constant natural and man-made disasters, and the people did not have enough to live on. The king of Wei sent Ximen Bao to be the magistrate of Yedi County to govern Yedi. After arriving in Yedi, Ximen Bao made private visits to inquire about the people's plight, utilized the incident of "Hepo taking a daughter-in-law" to punish the three old men, Ting rafters and witches, and educated the people with facts to break down superstitions. At the same time, he built twelve canals on the Zhanghe River to control the flooding of the river and develop agricultural production, which gradually made the people of Yedi rich. After his death, the people of Yedi built a shrine for him by the Zhanghe River and dedicated it to him in all seasons.

Zhao Guanghan--Zi Du was a native of Liwu County, Zhuo County during the Western Han Dynasty. He was a governor of Yingchuan County and a governor of Jingzhao Yin. During the period when he was the governor of Yingchuan County, it was the best stage of Zhao Guanghan's pre-governance. He was not afraid of power and was shrewd and strong, and in just a few months' time when he arrived, he did two big things: firstly, he cracked down on the power of the big families and eased the social contradictions; and secondly, he strengthened the local management and transformed the local bad morals. His reputation for prowess thus spread, and the present biography of the Book of Han describes his skill in handling government affairs as his nature. When Zhao Guanghan was serving as the governor of Jingzhao, he showed a high sense of responsibility and handled all official affairs, often through the night. He was also a good thinker and efficient. During the period of his governance, the politics of the Jingzhao region was clear, and the officials and the people all praised him. However, the responsibility of the governor of the capital lies in the management of the capital, because at the foot of the emperor, the daily handling of political affairs is easy to offend the royal relatives and the prominent nobles of the dynasty, so, although Zhao Guanghan is considered to be one of the best in the capital administrators, but also still ended up in the waist of the end of the beheading.

When Zhao Guanghan was the governor of Beijing, he was a clean and honest official, and he was highly praised by the people for his authority over the strong and powerful.

Huang Ba - Huang Ba (?

Huang Ba--Huang Ba (黃霸)--- 51 BCE, with the character Zigong, was a native of Huaiyang Yangxia (present-day Taikang, Henan Province) during the Western Han Dynasty. Historian Ban Gu commented, "Since the establishment of the Han Dynasty, when it comes to officials who govern the people, Huang Ba is still the first." When Huang Ba was still a young man, he set his ambition to be a good official. Since there was no imperial examination system during the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, in order to alleviate his financial difficulties, issued an edict that anyone who contributed property to the state would be given an official to do so. Huang Ba then exchanged grain for a pawn historian. After politics, he was law-abiding and honest; he was sensitive to the people's situation and emphasized the importance of counseling agriculture and mulberry. Especially Huang Ba case, advocating benevolent government, opposed to torture; on the doubtful cases adhere to the light treatment; advocate for the implementation of the crime of leniency, education first, focusing on prevention, so, Huang Ba for the official, the people support, the court is satisfied with, subordinates pleased to serve. Therefore, Huang Ba's official work was supported by the people, satisfied by the court, and pleased by his subordinates. Huang Ba was thus promoted from a petty historian with a salary of 200 stones a year to the prime minister of the court. Among them, the most outstanding achievements were in his position as the governor of Yingchuan County, which was a large county at that time.

Xu Youkong - Xu Youkong (? -702), whose real name was Xu Hongmin, was a native of Chang'an in the Tang Dynasty, and was the most famous official in the Tang Dynasty specializing in adjudicating cases. In ancient times, most of the official positions were mixed administrative and judicial, only in the imperial court there is a specialized adjudicator, but in the bureaucracy of the status is extremely low, but also difficult to do. Although Xu Yougong long served as a full-time case officer, but because of the courage to strictly abide by the law, the face of the offense, the right to enforce, vindicate hundreds of thousands of wrongful convictions, to save the lives of up to ten thousand people and the name of the history of the world. Xu Yougong successively served as a judicial counselor in Puzhou, the Secretary of the Criminal Justice Temple (i.e., the Da Lisi), the Secretary of the Criminal Justice, the Minister of the Ministry of Justice (i.e., the Ministry of Justice), and the Secretary of the Criminal Justice of the Ministry of Justice, and so on. When Xu Yougong was an official, it was during the Wuzhou period, when the Empress Wu was in turmoil above, and cool officials were netted below, so it was not easy for him to enforce the law and keep justice. Because Xu Yougong before and after the enforcement of justice in six or seven hundred cases, to save the lives of tens of thousands of people, and therefore inevitably offended the cool officials, treacherous ministers, frequently impeached, pushed the trial, but ultimately could not find evidence of his corruption or favoritism, so that he was three times charged with capital punishment, three times was pardoned, twice removed from the office and twice reinstated, but in spite of this, he is still holding the will of the unchanging, do not flattery, and dedicated to law enforcement to keep the right. This is precisely why Xu Youfeng has become one of the rare full-time "judges" in history, and has been hailed as a good official since ancient times.

Di Renjie--Di Renjie (607-700 A.D.), a native of Taiyuan (southwest of present-day Taiyuan, Shanxi Province) in the Tang Dynasty, took the examination for the Mingjing Section (one of the subjects in the Tang Dynasty's imperial examination system), and thus entered the civil service. After entering politics, he experienced the two eras of Emperor Gaozong and Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty. At the beginning, he was appointed as the Legal Cao of the Governor's Office in Hezhou, transferred to the Dali Chancellor, and was reappointed as the Serving Royal Historian, and then served as the Assassin of Ningzhou and Yuzhou, and as the Serving Officer of the Di Guan. Dee Renjie for the government, as Lao Zi said, "the saint has no constant heart, to the people's heart for the heart", in order to save the innocent, dare to disobey the will of the monarch, and always maintain the compassion for the people, defy the power of the nature, always living in the hall above, to the people for the worry, later called "the mainstay of the Tang Dynasty". He was in charge of the criminal law of the Dali Prime Minister, to one year, they dealt with the previous legacy of more than 17,000 cases, of which none of them appealed for redress of grievances, the justice of its dealings can be seen, according to which the descendants of a number of wonderful legends, and even the Netherlands has also been used as a theme, compiled a book of "Tang Dijie Case Legends".

Chen Xiliang - the word Gongbi, the Northern Song Dynasty Meizhou Qing Shen (now belongs to Sichuan) people, originally from Jingzhao (now the city of Xi'an, Shaanxi). He was an official for more than 30 years from the beginning of the jinshi and his first degree, and served as a magistrate, prefect, prefect, and transporter and other local officials, and also served in the capital Kaifengfu and the imperial court. Whether he was an official in the local area or in the capital, Chen Xiliang, who was cynical as if he were an enemy and did not think about his own personal misfortunes and advancement, was praised by the common people and feared by the princes and nobles. He died at the age of 64 due to overwork. Su Shi, a famous literary scholar, claimed that he did not make any tombstone for people in his life, but he admired Chen Xiliang's behavior so much that he worried that Chen Xiliang's deeds would be lost to future generations and made an exception to write "Chen Gongbi's biography".

Bao Zheng - Bao Zheng (999-1062 A.D.), the word Xiren, a native of Hefei, Luzhou (now Hefei, Anhui Province), was the most famous Qing official in history. From his adolescence, he began to aspire to contribute to the country and "do his utmost to be loyal and die for righteousness". Bao Zheng started his career as a magistrate, and then served as a magistrate, a transit ambassador and other local administrators; he served as a supervisory minister such as the Supervisory Royal Historian and other supervisory ministers, a senior official in charge of the state's finance such as the Deputy Secretary of the Ministry of Revenue and other military positions such as the Department of the Ministry of the Interior; he served as a diplomatic envoy to the state of Liaobang; he is most famous for having served as an assistant to the Provisional Prosecutor of the Heavenly Palace of the Zhangge, and as the Direct Bachelor of the Dragon Palace of the Dragon Palace of the Zhouge; thus, later on, people call him as a Provisional Prosecutor of the Zhouge, the Dragon Palace of the Zhouge and the Bachelor. Although he served as governor in Kaifeng for only one year, after his death, the people of Kaifeng built a Bao Gong Shrine next to the Kaifeng government office to commemorate and enshrine him. Bao Zheng life clean and simple, never pay attention to the ostentation, even if he did a big official, wearing still the same as when the cloth; on the corruption abhorrence, in the zongrenzong zhazhou "begging not to use the stolen officials" said "clean, the people of the table also; greedy, the people of the thief also." His life of self-discipline, the body, he served as governor in Duanzhou, rectify the rule of officials, fight corruption, welcomed by the people, leaving the local refined a good inkstone to send, he politely declined, "do not hold an inkstone to return"; his life of selflessness, do not avoid the powerful and noble, law enforcement, as high as a mountain. To the royal relatives, eunuchs and dignitaries of the wrongdoing, all strongly advocate to bring to justice. Vigorously vindicating wrongful imprisonment is the main content of Bao Zheng's life and death, which is y praised and extolled by the people.

Bao Zheng was famous at that time and in later times, especially after his death, as the typical image of a clean official, which was greatly exaggerated by different genres of literature and art works, making it with magical colors. With the progress of cultural exchanges in the international arena, the historical figure and artistic image of Pao Zheng also won worldwide fame. Although there is a great difference between the Pao Zheng in the historical materials and the image in the art works, Pao Zheng's life, which could be appreciated by the highest feudal ruler as well as embraced and loved by the lower class people who were in the midst of the deepest suffering, is indeed very typical as a Qing official.

Gong Zhong--Gong Zhong (A.D. 1383-1442), the word BoLu, the number of RuYu, the Ming Dynasty in Jiangxi JingAn County LongGangZhou people. During his tenure as governor of Suzhou, he directly alleviated the burden of the people by reducing official food and implementing the discount levy to stabilize and develop the economy. At the same time, purge officials, correct the atmosphere, pay attention to clean up the wrongful imprisonment, for the people to redress the grievances. He arranged a schedule, every day to investigate the case of a county, week after week, never stop. In just eight months in office, has cleaned up more than 1500 cases. After he tried the case, no matter how big or small, can basically do the people do not call injustice, the landlord dare not do wrong again. Now, as long as the mention of the condition of the bell, people will immediately think of "15 Guan" in the story of the risk-taking, dare to justice, for the people to redress the wrongs of the Qing official. In addition, he also did good things such as building water conservancy, organizing schools, recommending talents and so on for the benefit of the party. Situ Zhong served thirteen years, three times to leave three times to stay in office, for the people of Suzhou to do a lot of practical things, and finally died of exhaustion, died in Suzhou on the appointment. The local people to commemorate the situation Zhong, after his death, Suzhou and seven counties have established a shrine.

Hai Rui - Hai Rui (1514-1587 AD), the word Ruxian, Hainan Qiongshan County people. He lived at a time when the Ming Dynasty was in a state of transition from prosperity to decline. On the surface of a peaceful, but at the time of crisis. Hai Rui young, will show great concern for social problems. Serving in the Ministry of households, out of concern for the country's financial resources, in order to advise the superstitious Taoism, bent on seeking immortality, and condoned the construction of temples and Taoist temples around the Jiajing Emperor, to the status of the sixth-ranking official with the determination of death resolutely to submit a petition. This time, he submitted to the famous "straight talk about the world's first thing," later known as the "law and order". After the delivery of the petition, Hai Rui was imprisoned, soon after the death of Jia Jing, the new emperor in the Prime Minister Xu Shi's persuasion, only to be amnestied, reinstated to his official position, and gradually rose to Yingtian ten governors and other positions. Afterwards, he was to rectify the shortcomings of the times, serious law and order, presided over the development of corruption full of "eighty贯绞", and other severe penalties. His iron face and selfless, has been kind to his old prime minister Xu step also showed no mercy, the Xu family power more than 400,000 acres of good land back to the original owner, will oppress the good people of Xu step's two sons and more than 20 family members in accordance with the law of the crime. Throughout the Hai Rui for the government, through the Jiajing, Longqing, Wanli three dynasties, many times risked his life to advise, although in order to safeguard the fundamental interests of the feudal rule, but he was strict in law enforcement, in addition to the violence and peace and security, clean living, sympathy for the people, pacify the exiles, pay attention to the development of production, water conservancy, to limit the large landowners of the endless exploitation, the reform of the backward customs and habits, and so on, got the people's widespread support, its behavior has an undeniable historic The role of progress.

Tang Bin--Tang Bin (1627-1687 AD), with the name of Kong Bo, alias Jing Xian, and the name of Qian An in the late days, was born in Suizhou, Southern China (now Suizhou County). His main political achievements were in the Kangxi Dynasty, and he was appointed as a bachelor of the Cabinet, governor of Jiangning, and minister of propriety, etc. In addition to his writings, Tang Bin was also an official of the Ministry of Justice. Tang Bin was an official for his whole life, in addition to writing books and developing the doctrine of science, almost all of his energy was concentrated on the governance of river affairs and canal transportation, and he paid attention to lightening the burden for the people, providing relief for disasters, and eliminating evils, so that he always practiced the Confucian idea of "cultivating one's body, perfecting one's family, ruling the country, and pacifying the world", and he made a certain contribution to the change of "full of hazelnut barrens and scarce people" into "a prosperous world that nourishes the people, and never increases the taxes". Its clean government, to the death of only eight taels of silver, even buy a coffin money is not enough, can truly be described as a generation of clean government.