Characteristics of Hakka folk songs

Hakka folk songs are similar to folk songs and poems in genre, which can be divided into four types: lyric, narrative, allegory, ridicule and miscellaneous songs. Most of these folk songs are scattered, usually four sentences. For example:

Buying a new lamp glass tube is hard under the lamp;

Open-book culture, always love lang tong mei.

Narrative is usually four sentences, and there are also many songs, each telling a story. Allegory and teasing folk songs, such as:

My brother is still beautiful, and his head is similar to that of a winter vegetable poppy;

The round body is similar to washing body, and the teeth are similar to cowshed stalks.

Miscellaneous songs include tune guessing, metaphysical songs, and lesbian songs.

Shanghang Hakka folk songs also attach great importance to the relationship between peace and equality, which is very similar to the seven-character quatrains in poetry, but Hakka folk songs generally rhyme at the end of the first, second and fourth sentences, and rarely pay attention to rhyme like the above two songs. The sentences in Hakka folk songs do not pay much attention to the strict relationship between peace and equality, which is different from poetry.

There are also words in folk songs, such as:

Wear a shiren shirt.

The more you wash and grind, the better you wear;

Drink Shaoxing wine from Jiangxi, Hunan and Zhejiang,

Love a girl 17892 123.

The lyrics of these words show the vividness and dexterity of folk literature, and at the same time, they are very interesting in the collocation of flat tones and the rhythm style caused by the words, which are the treasures of Hakka folk songs in Shanghang.

Shanghang Hakka folk songs also pay attention to various rhetorical devices. Such as "xing" and "overlapping sentences". "Xing" means "Xing", just like the opening of a play. If used well, it can play a leading role and attract the attention of the other party or audience. Therefore, Qi Xing should not only be a song, but also be closely related to the following themes. For example:

Tea trees are jingling, and it is easy to talk about love under tea trees;

In case someone comes to ask questions, the two pretend to be tea kernels.

The first sentence begins with "the tinkling seeds of tea trees" and is soon linked with the love between men and women. This is a very common thing. The Hakka area in Shanghang is rich in camellia oleifera. When the autumn is crisp, young men and women fall in love under the tea tree, which is the right time and place.

Reduplication is the application of "reduplication" in the structural layout of lyrics. Overlapping has the functions of emphasizing content, emotion and strengthening music rhythm, such as:

Hakka folk songs are the most famous, and all folk songs have sister names;

Every folk song has a sister, but a song can't be sung without her sister.

There is also an overlapping folk song, such as:

The valley rises from the hillside, with many trees and mountains in front of it.

Shan Ye is surrounded by mountains and rivers, and the villagers sing folk songs on the mountains.

These overlapping folk songs once again show that apart from the vividness and agility of folk literature, they are very similar to the format of fish biting tail in folk music.

In Shanghang Hakka folk songs, in addition to these formal beauty, we also pay attention to the beauty of content and artistic conception. For example, "Lotus blossoms on the lotus tree" (see Spectrum Example 5):

The new tea kiosk has bamboo leaves and green leaves, so I didn't dare to pick up tea.

Pour tea with both hands and receive tea with one hand. I'm afraid it will thunder the day after tomorrow.

The cup sifted the tea round and tinkled, and my sister had a tea tray with both hands.

Sift tea with both hands and dare not answer it. Sister Ya never put it in arsenic.

The vicious lotus tree is blooming with lotus flowers, and the wind is everywhere.

Only eat chopsticks for three meals, and pork can't accompany the meal.

This ballad doesn't directly express the inner love for the sweetheart, but expresses the inner hesitation and fear of rejection by offering tea to the other party and not knowing how to pick it up. At the end of the two sentences, I borrowed "three meals with one chopstick, pork can't go with the meal." Express your ardent hope for your sweetheart, tea is not enough, and rice is tasteless. Another example is that Lang is a thousand-year-old tree in the mountains (see spectrum example 2):

Lang is a thousand-year-old tree in the mountains, and his sister is a thousand-year-old vine in the mountains.

The dead vines of the tree are entangled, and so are the dead vines of the tree.

Lang is a perennial tree in the mountains, and his sister is a vine beside the tree.

A tree grows with vines, and vines grow for thousands of years.

When Hakka sisters identify their sweetheart, they are dedicated to love, lingering and persistent until death do us part. This song can be said to be a classic folk song, warm, simple and even a little wild, expressing the commitment and pursuit of immortal love.

The content of Shanghang Hakka folk songs, in addition to praising rivers and mountains and reflecting labor life, is important to express loyal love and praise the party and revolution, which is a problem worthy of consideration. In the process of migration, Hakkas came to the remote western Fujian from the Central Plains and Jianghuai, where mountains overlapped and they did not get rid of the shackles of Confucianism at that time. On the contrary, in this mountainous area, the isolated environment and the long-term single farming economy are the most suitable soil for the growth and development of Confucianism. Zhu's Neo-Confucianism rose in Fujian in the Song Dynasty, and Zhu's ancestral home was in northern Fujian, which is adjacent to western Fujian. A large number of important scholars came from northwest Fujian, making western Fujian an important center of Neo-Confucianism. Neo-Confucianism pushed the feudal theory of three cardinal guides and five permanent members to the extreme, and reached the extreme in suppressing human nature and women's status rights. Under the oppression, bondage and destruction of these two thoughts, coupled with the poverty and backwardness in feudal times, sweet love and happy marriage are often just an extravagant hope for Hakka men and women. There are many backward, deformed and barbaric marriage forms popular in Hakka areas, such as "child bride", "waiting for a young girl", "marrying across the mountain", "second marriage" and "washing the parents". For the above reasons, Hakka men and women can only express their inner pain through folk songs that are not bound by ethics and patriarchal clan system, or are less bound, to express their desire and pursuit of beautiful love.

During the Agrarian Revolutionary War in China in the 1920s and 1930s, "Red Flag leaped over Tingjiang River and went straight down Longyan to Shanghang ..." Zhu Maohong led the Hakkas to defend their country in Shanghang area. In the resolution of the famous Gutian Conference, Mao Zedong personally advocated collecting folk songs as the teaching materials of the Red Army, which mobilized the enthusiasm of the military and civilians to actively participate in the revolution. Later, Caixi Township, known as the "18th Division of the Ninth Army", used folk songs to encourage relatives to become the Red Army and engage in production in front of the rear area, and many revolutionary folk songs emerged. Revolutionary folk songs are mostly changed from the original popular folk songs, or the melody rhythm is stipulated, or the lyrics are directly filled in. This makes use of the fuzziness of folk songs, applies popular folk songs to the revolution, and mobilizes people's revolutionary enthusiasm through the infection of spirit and thought. Therefore, under the influence of this social change, many excellent revolutionary folk songs have been left in Shanghang Hakka folk songs, such as "Persisting in guerrilla warfare and not being afraid of hunger", "Mountain songs are constantly making trouble", "Chajinguang in Caixi Township" and "Workers and Peasants Red Army to Gutian" and so on.

In the case of the original ecology of folk songs, of course, there are very excellent treasures, some not so excellent, and even some dross. Therefore, it is necessary to sort out and study.