What are the modes of transportation of international goods?

In international trade, the delivery of import and export commodities is accomplished through various modes of transportation. The types of transportation modes include:

1, shipping

Referred to as maritime transportation, it is a mode of transportation that uses cargo ships to transport goods between domestic and foreign ports through certain routes and navigation areas.

2. Railway transportation

Railway transportation can be divided into international railway freight transportation and domestic railway freight transportation:

1) international railway freight transportation

When a unified international transport bill is used, the railway is responsible for the whole transportation through two or more railways, and the goods are handed over from one country's railway to another country without the participation of the consignor and consignee. This mode of transportation is called international railway freight transport. For example, in recent years, the international railway transportation business of the New Eurasian Continental Bridge from Lianyungang, China to Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

2) Domestic railway combined transport

Domestic railway transportation refers to the transportation of goods only in the whole country according to the regulations of domestic railway freight transportation. China's export goods are transported by rail to the port for loading, and imported goods are transported to various places by rail after unloading, which belongs to the category of domestic railway transportation.

3. Air transportation

Main modes of transportation:

1) flight transportation

2) charter transportation

3) Centralized consignment

4. Postal parcel transportation

Parcel mailing and transportation procedures are simple, the cost is not too high, but the volume is limited, and it is only suitable for light and small goods.

International postal parcel transportation has the nature of international multimodal transport and door-to-door transportation. China has signed postal transport agreements and postal parcel agreements with many countries, which provides favorable conditions for China to develop postal parcel transport of foreign trade goods.

5. International multimodal transport

It is a comprehensive and coherent transportation mode based on container transportation. Generally, the container is used as the medium to combine the traditional single modes of sea, land and air to form an international coherent transportation.

In the process of international trade, it must be strictly observed, and any violation of international freight terms will be punished. Therefore, it is necessary for everyone to know the detailed international freight terms, not only to engage in trade and ensure that interests are not harmed, but also to ensure that laws are not violated in the process of international trade.

1. What are the freight terms in international trade?

Free on board. FOB is a traditional and commonly used international trade term. When using this trade term, the seller must deliver the goods to the ship designated by the buyer at the port of shipment stipulated in the contract and at the specified time in order to fulfill its delivery obligation. The expenses and risks related to the goods borne by the buyer and the seller are bounded by the ship's rail. The risks and expenses before the goods are loaded at the port of shipment and cross the ship's rail shall be borne by the seller, and then transferred to the buyer, who shall bear them.

The FOB conditions at the port of shipment require the seller to go through export customs clearance procedures, including applying for export license, customs declaration and paying export duties.

Cost plus freight (CFR), cost plus insurance plus freight (CIF) The seller is responsible for signing a transportation contract to transport the goods to the destination and pay the freight, but the risks of the goods are transferred from the seller to the buyer at the delivery place in the exporting country, and the risks of the goods in transit are borne by the buyer. Therefore, they are all contracts of shipment, not contracts of arrival.

Group c terms and group f terms belong to the contract of carriage.

Legal basis:

Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Road Transportation

Article 2 Those engaged in road transport operations and road transport-related businesses shall abide by these Regulations.

The road transport business mentioned in the preceding paragraph includes road passenger transport business (hereinafter referred to as passenger transport business) and road cargo transport business (hereinafter referred to as freight transport business); Road transport related businesses include station (field) operation, motor vehicle maintenance operation and motor vehicle driver training.

Article 3 Road transport operators and road transport-related businesses shall operate according to law, be honest and trustworthy, and compete fairly.

Article 4 Road transport management shall be fair, just, open and convenient.

Article 5 The State encourages the development of rural road transport and takes necessary measures to increase the shuttle bus rate in towns and administrative villages to meet the needs of farmers' life and production.