What's the name of the house of the Hui nationality?

Hui nationality is the most widely distributed minority in China. Hui people scattered all over the country are relatively concentrated in one place. This has formed a residential pattern of large dispersion and small concentration. Mosques in various places are surrounded by Muslim residential areas, that is, teaching workshops, and Muslims live around temples. For example, niujie in Beijing is a place where Hui people live in compact communities. It can also be said that the Hui people live around the niujie Mosque. There is also a place where Hui people live in compact communities called Hui Hui Camp.

There are three types of houses in Hui nationality.

The first type: according to the natural conditions and topographical characteristics of deep mountain canyons and hilly areas, caves are built to live in. Such as Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, Henan, Hebei and other mountainous areas, due to the lack of local trees and weak economic foundation, most Hui people live in such caves. Generally, it is necessary to build a cave, dig a section near mountains and cliffs, and then dig a cave. Hui people call this kind of kiln "cliff kiln". Some sections are large, others are small, the small ones can dig three-hole kilns, and the big ones can dig five or six-hole kilns. It takes some skill to dig a cave. Generally, it is the "Potter" who picks up the pickaxe and coolies to dig the ground. Finally, the Potter decorated it, chiseled it into a herringbone pattern, and finally painted the wall with mud. The style of the cave is the top ring at the bottom, and its size depends on its soil quality. If the soil is hard, the cave can be dug larger, and if the soil is soft and sandy, it can be dug smaller. Caves with good soil are generally about 12 meters deep, three or four meters wide and more than three meters high. The hole is made of adobe and stone, and a door with two or three windows is embedded. Generally, a hole in the middle of the return cave is the main kiln or the guest kiln or the big kiln, and a hole on the side is the fire kiln for cooking and living. Generally, the fire kiln has a kang on the left or right side after entering the door and is connected with the pot table, with a trapezoidal high and low wall made of adobe in the middle. The kang and the pot table share a big chimney, and there is also a hole in the corner of the kang to control the temperature of the kang, where a board can be inserted. Generally, a lamp can be placed on the trapezoidal high and low walls to illuminate the pot table and kang. There is also a small kiln at the top of the fire kiln, called kiln, which is used to place the stone mill or store potatoes and radishes. Outside the kiln, I like to dig a cave about two meters high, four meters deep and two meters wide. Hui people are commonly known as "high kilns" or "tall buildings". The high kiln is generally a place where the old Hui people recite scriptures and worship God. Some people dug two small kilns on both sides of the road section to build warehouses and livestock pens. Livestock pens are generally fenced, and toilets are generally outside the yard. For safety, the whole yard is used to being surrounded by earth walls.

This Hui cave is simple in structure, durable, material-saving, economical and convenient, simple in structure, warm in winter and cool in summer.

The second type: according to the topographical characteristics of Sichuan bazi, plateau, terrace and Pingchuan, and the natural and economic conditions of lack of money and wood, using ground space to build caves with adobe and yellow grass mud, which the Hui people call hoop kiln. The hoop kiln is highly technical: firstly, it is necessary to lay a kiln pier with a height of about1.4m, a width of 70cm and a length of 5m, which is similar to the pier of an arch bridge, commonly known as the kiln leg. Generally, three piers need to repair two-hole hoop kiln side by side, four piers need to repair three-hole hoop kiln, and so on. Secondly, to lay a good foundation for Hu Ji, we should choose the humidity and soil quality of the soil, and the soil quality is preferably black clay and loess. When you start playing, you should cut a flat and solid old stone mill or slate cement board and prepare the screened plant ash. After the mold is placed on the slate, a handful of plant ash should be sprinkled on the bottom of the slate and around the mold, and then the mold should be filled, stamped into the shape of a fish back, and finally tamped with a pestle. Among the Hui people, a jingle hit Hu Ji: "Three shovels and nine pestles, twenty-four soles." Explain the hardships of hitting Hu Ji. With Dun and Hu Ji, you can hoop the kiln. There is a master who specializes in making palm trees in hoop kiln. Put the arch kiln on the pier first, and then lay a layer of adobe and mustard mud. After hooping, the whole kiln is pointed and arched, like the backbone of an ox. Finally, apply a layer of coarse loess wheat straw mud, dry it and then apply a layer of fine loess wheat straw mud to make it smooth and shiny.

The hoop kiln is relatively strong and can generally live for decades or even hundreds of years. But living in a hoop kiln is more troublesome than living in a cave. Every three to five years, it is necessary to spread a layer of mud outside the kiln, otherwise, if it rains continuously, it will be in danger of falling down. Generally hoop kilns are repaired side by side with three or five holes, with unique and beautiful appearance, good lighting, warm in winter and cool in summer.

The third type: according to the topographical characteristics and economic conditions, build a house with an upper cover and a lower cover. The higher the development level of human society, the higher people's requirements for living conditions. There is a saying: "Hui people have money to build houses, and Han people have money to store grain." This shows that the Hui people first improved their living conditions after the economic prosperity.