General situation of domestic architectural development and improvement countermeasures?

1 development of intelligent buildings in China

China's standard GB/T503 14-2006 defines the design standard of intelligent building as: intelligent building is based on buildings, with information facilities system, information application system, building equipment management system, public safety system and so on. , which integrates structure, system, service, management and its optimization, provides people with safety, efficiency, convenience, energy saving and environmental protection. The first intelligent building recognized in the world is 1984 1, which was born in Hartford, Connecticut, USA.

China's intelligent buildings started in the early 1990s and developed rapidly in economically developed coastal areas and cities. The Jingfa Building (18th floor) completed in 1990 can be regarded as the embryonic form of intelligent building in China, while the Yuehai International Hotel completed in 1993 can be regarded as the first intelligent business building in Chinese mainland. At present, many intelligent buildings have been built in China, and there are thousands of buildings in Shanghai alone with the color of "intelligent buildings". However, according to relevant data, more than 70% of the intelligent buildings that have been built in China are not operating normally, and only a few of them really meet the standards of intelligent buildings and operate normally, which is an amazing waste of investment. In view of this phenomenon, our country set up an expert working committee for the engineering design of intelligent building systems in 1998, and began to compile relevant standards and design specifications, and to examine and approve the qualifications of intelligent building system integrators.

The abnormal operation of intelligent buildings can be divided into the following situations: the system is out of service. Most of these projects were built in the early 1990s, and the ordering, commissioning, acceptance and training of agents were not perfect, so the later service could not be guaranteed. If there is a problem, the original orderer cannot be found, and the cost is high; Another situation is that the system is still running, but it can only be displayed and manually controlled. There are many such cases, and few projects can be put into normal operation through some automatic control, and few projects can realize full automatic control and economic operation. There are many reasons why a large number of intelligent buildings can't operate normally.

2 Analysis of existing problems

2. 1 Theoretical research lags behind the development of intelligent buildings. Although the key project of "Feasibility Study of Intelligent Office Building" was determined in China during the Seventh Five-Year Plan period, the theoretical research of intelligent building and the development of related scientific and technological products have not received enough attention and development, and the understanding of it still stays on the research results abroad. The continuous emergence of self-proclaimed "intelligent buildings" will inevitably lead to problems without the guidance of advanced theories. 2.2 There are misunderstandings in the design. Facing the rapid development of information technology, the design department is not familiar with intelligent products and intelligent design methods, especially in integration, which needs the support and cooperation of product manufacturers and system integrators. At present, the focus of intelligent building design is mostly on intelligent system, but not enough on building platform.

2.3 The misunderstanding of the owner has doubts about the value-added effect brought by the intelligent integrated system, or due to the problem of the direction of capital investment, the investment in the intelligent system is inappropriately depressed, leading to the decline of the grade of the building. Without the concept of overall integration and the consideration of system development, it is a serious waste to design, construct and modify while bidding. Lack of talents who master intelligent system technology can't correct quality problems in time. After the completion of the intelligent system, the daily management and continuous maintenance are not paid enough attention, especially the related problems that must be paid attention to in the construction.

2.4BAS operation cannot be guaranteed. The abnormal operation of supplier's products mostly refers to building automation system (BAS), because the abnormal operation of BAS can't guarantee the normal operation of automatic control, or can't realize the automatic switching of working conditions, thus effectively utilizing outdoor fresh air to save energy, and the display part can generally guarantee the normal operation. Because it does not directly affect the work, it has not attracted the attention of the owners. BAS used in domestic intelligent buildings are basically foreign products, and the supply of foreign BAS comes from sensitive components, actuators, valves, transmitters, field control stations (substations), network servers and all software packages. The quality of their products can be guaranteed, but foreign suppliers can't guarantee on-site debugging, personnel training, post-service and so on, especially the cooperation with Party A and the construction unit.

2.5 The weak construction strength, the technical strength of the construction unit and the familiarity with foreign products also directly affect the normal operation of BAS. For example, wiring errors, especially the phenomenon of equipment damage caused by wrong connection of power line and signal line or wrong connection of ground wire, sometimes occur. The construction quality can't be guaranteed, and the confusion of wiring has a great influence on the field debugging and system operation. However, the quality of the construction team of intelligent buildings in China is generally not high, and there is a lack of well-trained and experienced construction and management personnel, which leads to low installation quality.

2.6 Multi-head Administration In China, departments related to intelligent buildings, such as construction, post and telecommunications, radio and television, public security, and technical supervision, implement multi-head management, wrangle with each other and go their own way. Only when these departments join hands to make the management work have laws to follow, can the management be authoritative and operable.

3 improvement countermeasures

In order to make China's architecture develop intelligently, healthily and scientifically, we should start from five aspects.

3. 1 Strengthen leadership and standardize market behavior. The government and industry associations should follow the basic rules of the operation of the intelligent industrial chain, formulate corresponding laws and regulations to regulate and guide this market, and make the market develop in a benign direction. First of all, we should strengthen the dynamic management of qualifications and implement the market access system. In order to standardize the market behavior, we should identify the qualifications of design units, system integration engineering contractors and supervision companies engaged in intelligent buildings, make clear the standards that the corresponding grades should meet and the permitted project scope categories, prevent unqualified people from engaging in such business, strengthen the supervision and dynamic management of qualified grade units, and strictly implement the market access system.

Secondly, we should standardize the project bidding market and adhere to the principle of "openness, fairness and justice". As the construction party, it is necessary to prepare the tender documents and the basis for bid evaluation and calibration according to the engineering requirements. The bidding documents shall be complete in content and accurate in wording. The requirements for intelligent building systems should focus on technical solutions. According to the design standards, specifications and technical requirements, the general contractor or coordinator suitable for the intelligent system is selected, and then the general contractor operates the subsystems one by one for bidding, which is implemented through an open, fair and just bidding method. The tender documents emphasize the suppliers' post-service to BAS, requiring them to have agents or partners in China, and the office should also be equipped with maintenance personnel in this field.

3.2 Accelerate the formulation and implementation of relevant standards and norms. In the process of building intelligence, we should establish national unified standards, regulations and norms for the engineering design and construction of intelligent building systems as soon as possible, so as to have rules to follow as soon as possible. The expert committee of building intelligence specially established by the Ministry of Construction, as a consultant, staff officer and assistant, assists the survey and design department to carry out its work and the government to formulate relevant standards, norms and industry regulations. Design norms play a legal role in design, and the design norms formulated by the state are actually laws and regulations that construction units and design units must abide by. Design codes are generally formulated according to different disciplines, and all kinds of buildings are required to abide by them. There is no similar design code for intelligent buildings abroad for reference.

For example, the state has promulgated many specifications for electrical specialty, and it is not necessary to organize manpower to formulate special intelligent building design specifications. However, in the aspects of computer network system security protection, computer control system, grounding system design, etc., the relevant national regulations are still unclear, which has a great impact on the operation of intelligent buildings, ranging from affecting the stable operation of the system to damaging expensive computer systems. Therefore, the state should introduce regulations in this regard as soon as possible. In 2006, the Ministry of Construction issued a new Design Standard for Intelligent Buildings, which is of great significance to the design of intelligent buildings in China, and how to implement the design standard for intelligent buildings after it is formulated is also a problem worth discussing. When the standards are formulated, everyone will implement them. If everyone does not seriously implement it, it will lose the significance of setting standards.

3.3 Building a High-quality Design Team To build a high-quality intelligent building design team in China, we cannot entrust the intelligent system design to foreign design units or system integrators for a long time. In essence, intelligent system design is only a part of the whole architectural design work. The architectural design unit is still the main design unit, and the system integrator is only the cooperative unit. Intelligent system design and architectural design cannot be independent. In order to form an organic combination of the two designs, domestic qualified design units should adjust their professional settings, effectively combine the majors of automatic control, communication, information, computer and construction equipment, and establish their own intelligent building design team.

3.4 Accelerate the cultivation of property management talents. Intelligent building has high technology content, and it also requires high professional knowledge of property management personnel. Therefore, the system design of intelligent building needs the participation of property management personnel, and it is impossible for property management personnel without professional training to put forward reasonable design requirements to the design department. At present, there are few management talents in this field. At this stage, the property management department should adopt various training methods of "please come in and go out", so that the property management personnel can master the basic knowledge of intelligent buildings as soon as possible, that is, the operating knowledge of computer technology, modern control technology, communication technology and mechanical and electrical equipment, learn to operate advanced equipment, and master the installation, debugging and testing technology of various equipment skillfully. In the long run, the major of intelligent building should be set up in colleges and universities as soon as possible to cultivate management talents of intelligent building.

3.5 Strengthening supervision and management On the one hand, if there is no current national, industrial or local code or standard and it is necessary to refer to relevant international standards or technical specifications, system integrators should be required to submit it to the competent construction department for approval before implementation. On the other hand, the market and quality of intelligent buildings must be effectively supervised and managed administratively and technically. First of all, we should strengthen the qualification examination of system integrators, focus on their scale and talent composition, and assess their professional and technical level. For architectural design units, the design and construction of intelligent buildings should be included in the quality supervision system, and the design stage, construction stage and system operation management stage should be supervised.

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