Basic knowledge of ceramic art

Ceramic art is the inheritance of China culture. Nowadays, many children like pottery more and more. So, how much do you know about the basics of pottery? The following is my comprehensive knowledge of ceramics for you, hoping to help you.

Basic knowledge sharing of ceramic art

First of all, some questions about clay:

What kind of clay is good for children aged 3-6 to make works?

A: Children aged 3-6 have tender and small hands. When choosing mud, you should choose mud with strong plasticity, which is non-toxic and does not hurt your hands. Jingdezhen kaolin is characterized by high white mud, no hand injury and strong plasticity. If you make the products into exquisite porcelain, children will like them very much!

How to keep mud from drying?

A: Mud is a combination of water and soil. Once blown by the wind, it's easy to dry!

How to avoid this problem? Wrap the mud in plastic bags several times, then put it in a box and put it in a cool and dry place, which will reduce air drying!

How to preserve mud?

A: Mud is a combination of water and soil. Once blown by the wind, it's easy to dry!

How to avoid this problem? Sprinkle some water first, wrap the mud in plastic wrap for several layers, then put it in a box and put it in a cool and dry place, which will reduce air drying!

How to deal with cracks in the production of works?

A: The mud itself has been evacuated. For bulk mud, uniformity is needed to reduce air bubbles in the mud. The most important thing in production is to master the combination of water and soil. Not too wet, too dry, too wet, not easy to form, too dry and easy to crack, so try to wipe your hands when you are dry. If there are cracks in the work, pat some water with your hands to smooth it out. If it cracks, add mud and smear it constantly. After drying, smooth it with sandpaper.

How to avoid empty bombing when shooting?

A: There are two kinds of blank bursting phenomena when a work is fired: one is that it is not completely dried, and if it is not completely dried, it is easy to burst during firing, so it needs to be completely dried before firing, or the work can be dried faster by other means; The second is that hard work is too thick. This kind of work looks dry on the outside, but it is not completely dry, so it will explode when it gets angry. For thick solid works, it is necessary to punch holes with a punching machine to dry faster, and it is only to make the temperature more balanced when firing.

Decoration is the key. How to use glaze correctly when glazing?

A: Ceramic high-temperature glass is the crystallization of art and science, and it is the natural result of mud and fire. Clay tire, modeling, glaze and decoration constitute the four elements of colored glazed porcelain. The clay tire looks like a human skeleton, the utensil looks like a human body, the glaze color looks like a human skin color, and the decorative pattern looks like a human costume. The quality of a glazed porcelain, like a person's beauty and ugliness, depends on whether the tire is good, whether the shape is good, whether the glaze is beautiful or not, and whether the decoration is elegant or not. Beautiful decoration is very important! Glazing should be even and every part should be just right.

What are the details of students using handmade clay?

A: First of all, we should know the humidity of mud in production. If the mud is too dry, it is easy to crack, and it is difficult to preserve such works when they are dry.

Second, when the mud sticks to the mud, it must be glued firmly, and it must be smeared with mud before sticking.

Thirdly, if mud bars are used, the mud bars at the bottom should be thicker, otherwise the mud bars at the bottom are too thin to support, and the mud bars at the top will collapse.

What are the creative techniques of great works?

A: There are many ways to make pottery at present. For example, when making a large piece of work, you can directly punch holes in the work with a punching machine. If you need to make a big hole, you can use a trowel or other tools to make other fancy holes in your work.

Ceramic art as a kind of. Earth? With what? Fire? The artistic form is charming, fascinating and fascinating. How to make pottery?

A, the mud-bar disc column method, the mud-bar disc column method is one of the simplest and most expressive techniques in ceramic art production. Whether it is round or square, it can be reflected by the mud-bar disc column method.

B, clay molding method; The molding method of clay plate needs to use tools, namely clay nails. Knead the mud ball and put it on the board. Press the mud into a mud board with a mud needle, and you can make various shapes.

C. Hand-kneading method: You can knead, rub, pat and knead with a pair of skillful hands to make various works, and the creativity is infinitely beautiful!

D, blank stretch forming method; Blanking forming is one of the traditional forming processes and one of the most common processes. All circular instruments need to be made with a plotter. Such as bowls, bottles, cups, etc.

E, form an impression; It refers to putting mud into the mold to print the desired effect of the work.

What's the difference between clay and porcelain clay? What is the firing temperature?

A: Clay sculpture works have no light transmission, clay sculpture works cannot be painted in pastel, and so on. In the beautiful glass, the utensils made of clay are leaking, and the works of clay are rough and simple, but there is also a simple style. Porcelain clay: the fetal quality is white, delicate and clear, and the sound is crisp. Can be used to draw blue and white, famille rose, Tang tri-colored glaze and other exquisite glass. Firing temperature: pottery 1200℃, porcelain 1300℃.

Why do you often wipe your hands with a wet towel when making works with colored mud?

A: In order to make the work more beautiful, when you use colored mud of one color, you will still leave it in your hand. If you don't wipe your hands, stick this color on the colored mud of another color. It will look unclean after it is made, just like a beautiful white dress with stains. So wipe your hands, and then do it in another color, so the work will be beautiful.

Second, questions about ceramic tools:

What are the ceramic tools suitable for children?

When children play with pottery, they can be creative in making works. In order to make more beautiful works, such as making a basic mud triangle, you can cut it with a mud knife. Wait! Generally, the tools suitable for children are wooden 5-piece sets, 3-piece sets, plastic tools, etc. Other metal tools are not suitable for children and are easy to hurt children.

What are the commonly used clay sculpture tools?

A: Pottery is made in a variety of exquisite techniques, such as cutting, cutting, carving, carving, stamping, making decorations of other shapes, trimming and so on. In order to make all kinds of exquisite ceramic works, people must rely on a variety of ceramic tools.

The most commonly used clay sculpture tools are

Wooden 5-piece set: suitable for children or adults to cut, scrape and drill holes when making works.

Clay sculpture tools set of 8 pieces: can be used for cutting, cutting, carving, scraping, trimming, punching, etc.

Plastic clay tools: same as wooden 5-piece set. Mainly suitable for children.

Punching machine: it can be used for fancy hollowing, punching, etc., and the effect is very good

Squeeze gun: For example, if you want to make a very uniform and thin mud strip, you can use a squeeze gun, which has various styles and shapes and is practical!

How to use the spray gun normally? So that it won't cause congestion next time?

Answer: The spray gun is powered by the air compressor, and the glaze in the spray gun pot is sprayed out. In addition, the glaze slurry and glaze used in the spray gun pot must be screened once in advance to avoid blocking the spray gun. Moreover, the used spray gun must be fully cleaned and inspected to facilitate the next use.

Overview of ceramics

Ceramics is a general term for pottery and porcelain. All containers made of inorganic mixture of clay and porcelain clay (kaolin) by molding, drying and roasting are collectively called ceramics. Since ancient times, handicrafts that specialize in making pottery and porcelain have been called ceramic handicrafts. China has a long history of producing pottery. Pottery dating back more than 10000 years was found at Nanzhuangtou site in xushui county, Hebei Province. Pottery pieces dating from 1 1000 years ago were unearthed at the Shenxian Cave site of Huifeng Mountain in Lishui County, Jiangsu Province. A large number of red pottery, gray pottery, black pottery, white pottery, painted pottery and painted pottery have appeared in the Neolithic culture in China 8000 years ago. After entering the class society, red pottery, gray pottery, polished black pottery, painted pottery, and various pottery sculptures and architectural pottery components that reflect the real life of society are produced in large quantities. Lead glazed pottery was invented in the Warring States period, and pottery products were beautified with low-temperature colored glaze. The mass-produced tri-colored glazed pottery in the Tang Dynasty reflects the face of the prosperous Tang Dynasty and has high artistry. After the Song Dynasty, the production of glazed pottery gradually decreased and was replaced by the production of glazed building components. Due to the wide application of porcelain in social life, the production of pottery has been growing but never stopped. Porcelain began to appear in the middle of Shang Dynasty. The earliest porcelain is celadon, which is also called primitive celadon because of its immature technology. The firing of celadon in Han dynasty gradually matured, getting rid of the primitive state and entering the early porcelain stage. Black porcelain began to appear in the Han Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, southern celadon developed extensively and formed a unique system. Black porcelain technology has been greatly improved and entered the field of artistic porcelain. Neiqiu, Lincheng, Zibo and Anyang in the north also began to produce celadon and invented white porcelain in the Northern Dynasties. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, porcelain production began to flourish. The Song Dynasty is a period of highly developed porcelain art, and the products of Ding kiln, Ru kiln, official kiln, Ge kiln, Longquan kiln, Jun kiln, Jian kiln, Dehua kiln, Jingdezhen kiln, Jizhou kiln, Yaozhou kiln, Xicun kiln and Chaozhou kiln are all rich in appearance. Jingdezhen became the center of porcelain production in Yuan Dynasty, and the Fuliang Porcelain Bureau of Yuan Dynasty government promoted the development of porcelain technology. Blue and white porcelain, glazed red porcelain, white porcelain and black porcelain all have a high artistic level. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the system of large porcelain kilns in various places gradually declined and was replaced by small workshops that produced porcelain for local people. Jingdezhen's official kilns and folk kilns have inherited the tradition of China ceramic art and shine brilliantly.

China ceramics is a treasure in China's cultural treasure house, and it is a daily handicraft with the most national characteristics. With the development of China's history and foreign economic and cultural exchanges, ceramic art has spread to all countries in the world, and the development of porcelain-making technology in many countries is directly or indirectly influenced by China's ceramic technology. Ceramics, tea and silk are also known as the three specialties of China, which are well-known at home and abroad. Become synonymous with China.