How to embroider in ancient times? Who knows?

Embroidery, also known as embroidery, is also known as "needle embroidery". Draw colored lines with embroidery needles.

(silk, velvet, thread), according to the designed pattern, sewing and transporting needles on fabrics (silk, cloth, silk) to form patterns or characters with embroidery marks is one of the excellent national traditional crafts in China. It was called "haze" and "needle haze" in ancient times. Later, because embroidery was mostly made by women, it was also called "female red". Judging from the embroidery of Warring States and Han Dynasty unearthed in Hubei and Hunan, the level is very high. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, embroidery was used for painting, calligraphy and decoration. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the scale of court embroidery was large, and folk embroidery was further developed. Suzhou Embroidery, Guangdong Embroidery, Xiang Embroidery and Shu Embroidery came into being one after another, and they are called "Four Famous Embroideries". In addition, there are Gu Embroideries, such as Beijing Embroidery, Ou Embroidery, Lu Embroidery, Min Embroidery, Bian Embroidery, Han Embroidery and Miao Xiu, all of which have their own styles, which have been handed down for a long time.

There are dozens of embroidery stitches, such as Qi Zhen, looping, thread picking, long and short stitches, injection, Ping Jin, sand pulling and so on. , colorful, each with its own characteristics. The uses of embroidery include: shroud, song and dance or opera clothes, tablecloths, pillowcases, cushions and other daily necessities, screens, wall hangings and other furnishings. According to the Official History of Song Dynasty, the Chinese Embroidery Institute of the Forbidden City compiled embroidery products. During the reign of Hui Zong, there was also an expert in embroidery painting, who divided embroidery painting into landscapes, pavilions, figures and flowers and birds. As a result, famous embroidery workers appeared one after another, which made painting develop to the highest level, and brought calligraphy and painting into embroidery from practicality to artistic appreciation, forming a unique ornamental embroidery. In order to make the works achieve vivid artistic conception of painting and calligraphy, there should be a plan before embroidery, and the situation should be assessed and refined when embroidery. Composition must be simplified, and the choice of patterns is very important, which is completely different from embroidery with or without patterns in the Tang Dynasty. Dong Qichang's Secret Records of Yun Qing Xuan in the Ming Dynasty recorded: "Song people embroidered with fine needle and thread, one or two threads were stopped by velvet, and one needle was as thin as hair, making it gorgeous and brilliant. The mountains and rivers are far interesting, the pavilions are deep, the figures are vivid and the flowers and birds are graceful. The best one is better than painting, the third one is interesting and well prepared, and the spring breeze is covered here. " This description roughly explains the characteristics of Song embroidery.

Gu embroidery stitch mainly inherited the most complete embroidery stitch in Song Dynasty, and changed and applied it, which can be described as a great achievement of stitch. Most of the wires used are flat wires, and sometimes twisted wires are used. The thread is as thin as a hair and the stitches are flat, but the variety of colored threads used is incomparable to Song embroidery. At the same time, the middle color line is used, and the color is borrowed and supplemented, and embroidery and painting are used together to make the manuscript realistic. According to the needs of the pattern, you can use materials at will, regardless of the method. True grass, Siamese cockfighting tail hair, fine gold and hair can all be embroidered with innovative ideas, especially with hair embroidery to complete the production of paintings, which has never been seen in the history of dyeing and weaving in the world. This shows that Gu embroidery has extremely ingenious embroidery techniques.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, western learning spread to the east, and innovative works appeared in Suzhou embroidery. During Guangxu period, Yu Jue's wife Shen was famous for her exquisite embroidery skills and Suzhou embroidery world. When Shen Shi was 30 years old, it was the 70th birthday of Empress Dowager Cixi. Shen Shi embroidered eight "Eight Immortals' Birthdays" and was given the words "Fu" and "Shou", so he changed his name to Shen Shou. Shen Xiu developed the old methods with new ideas, expressed light and color, and participated in realism. In his embroidery, he showed the characteristics of western painting imitating Xiao Shen, and created a new kind of "simulated embroidery" or "artistic embroidery" with diverse stitches and three-dimensional sense.