China's marine space utilization situation

China's marine resources situation, characteristics and classification 1, China's marine resources situation Resources are the basic conditions for human survival and development. Productivity development, social civilization and progress, national prosperity and strength, are closely related to resources. China is the world's most populous coastal country, the country across the tropical, subtropical and temperate zones, southeast of the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and the South China Sea, the coastline is long, there are many harbors and bays, the sea is vast. The vast ocean contains extremely rich marine resources. The ocean is a rich and underdeveloped treasure trove of natural resources. Marine natural resources include sea area (marine space) resources, marine biological resources, marine energy, marine mineral resources, marine tourism resources, seawater resources and so on. China is the world's most populous ocean country, the development of the ocean has formed a multi-industry marine economic system, the further discovery, development and utilization of marine resources for China's long-term sustainable development, has become increasingly important strategic significance. 2, the basic characteristics of marine resources (1) a long coastline, vast sea China's mainland is located in the northwestern Pacific Ocean coastline, the continental coastline of more than 18,000 kilometers, marine fishing and fishing. China's mainland is located in the northwest Pacific coastline, the mainland coastline is as long as 18,000 kilometers, the marine fishing area of more than 2 million square kilometers, the continental shelf 6 area of more than 1.3 million square kilometers, with a wealth of beach resources, marine fishery resources, marine mineral resources, port and bay resources, marine tourism resources, marine energy and other marine natural resources. China's internal waters and territorial sea cover an area of about 380,000 square kilometers, while the exclusive economic zone and continental shelf, the exact area of which is difficult to determine because the delimitation work has not yet been completed, are estimated to be about 2 million square kilometers. These jurisdictional waters are an important foundation for the long-term survival and reproduction of the Chinese nation. China can also easily enter the world's oceans, the development and utilization of the high seas and the international seabed area of marine resources. (2) has a strategic value of advantageous marine resources China is one of the countries with the longest coastline in the world, the continental coastline of more than 18,000 kilometers, plus island coastline of 14,000 kilometers, the total length of the coastline of the world's fourth, the continental shelf area of 1.3 million square kilometers, ranked fifth in the world, the 200 nautical miles of the water area of 200-3 million square kilometers, ranked tenth in the world, these are the world's These are the world's advantageous resources. China's coastal deep-water coastline of more than 400 kilometers, suitable for the construction of intermediate berths above the port site of more than 160, of which 62 deep-water port site. There are more than 20,000 kinds of marine organisms in China's sea area, and there are rich fishery resources. The area of mudflat is 2.171 million hectares, and the area of sea within 30-meter isobath is 2 billion mu, which is equivalent to 1 billion mu of farmland by making full use of its biological productivity. There are more than 1,500 coastal attractions and numerous beaches and waters suitable for the development of marine tourism and recreation. These are important strategic resources of the country. 3, the classification of marine resources marine resources refers to the existence of the ocean and the seabed crust, human beings must pay a price to be able to get the material and energy. According to the natural properties of marine resources, marine resources can be divided into marine biological resources, seawater chemical resources, seabed mineral resources, marine space resources, marine renewable energy. According to the formation of marine resources, marine resources can be divided into renewable resources and non-renewable resources. Renewable marine resources are further divided into two categories. The flow or transformation of the first category of marine resources is basically unrelated to the current level of utilization by mankind, and they mainly include: marine renewable energy resources and seawater chemical resources; the second category of marine resources refers to those that, although they have a natural regenerative capacity, whether or not they can be utilized sustainably depends to a large extent on whether or not the degree of utilization by mankind exceeds the threshold of their natural regenerative capacity. Humans can control the utilization rate within its regenerative capacity by adopting certain measures, or improve the regenerative capacity of the resources by investing in certain technical measures, so as to make it balanced with the utilization rate, thereby achieving the purpose of their sustainable utilization. Such resources mainly include marine biological resources, marine tourism resources and marine space resources. Second, the development and rational use of China's marine resources The ocean is a rich and underdeveloped treasure trove of resources. The report of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) clearly puts forward a specific requirement of "implementing marine development" with far-reaching historical significance, which means that the development of the ocean has been put on the agenda of the CPC and included in the development strategy of the country. This is a historic opportunity for the great development of the marine cause, and the best time to launch the strategy of building a strong marine country. Marine resources are both the national resources of each country and the resources of the world **** There are resources, the area involved in the strategic study of marine resources should include nearly 3 million square kilometers of China's sovereignty and jurisdiction of the sea (internal waters, territorial sea, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf), but also includes 250 million square kilometers of the international seabed area and the high seas. We should take the resources as the main body, take the relationship between resources and economy as the center, think about the population, environment, science and technology, management issues related to the development and protection of marine resources as a whole, and make accurate development positioning and strategic choices, so as to make the oceans and seas become a base of strategic food resources, mineral resources, water resources and metal resources, and a logistics channel and space for the survival and development of China's integration into the global economic system. The development of marine resources in China has long been in a state of rough development. It has experienced the transition from the lack of full development of marine resources to the development of certain resources, the transition from less polluted marine environment to the gradual increase of pollution, and the transition from the development of a single resource to the comprehensive development. As the development of the oceans continues, the long-term use of the oceans in an "inordinate, disorderly and uncompensated" manner has seriously constrained the rational utilization of marine resources. Marine resources are the basis of marine economic development, and only through the scientific development and rational use of marine resources can the healthy development of the marine economy be realized. In this regard, we should strengthen the investigation of marine resources and rationally develop and utilize the ocean. China's offshore continental shelf is rich in oil and gas resources, over the past 40 years, has completed about 2 million square kilometers of sea area of different scales of geological and geophysical basis of the survey, as well as oil and gas-based mineral resources exploration, found more than 30 sedimentary basins, nearly a hundred oil and gas-containing formations, the 10 sedimentary basins of oil and gas resources evaluation, oil resources of 24.56 billion tons, accounting for the country's total oil resources (94 billion tons), 26.7 billion tons. The oil resources are 24.56 billion tons, accounting for 26.2% of the national total oil resources (94 billion tons); the natural gas resources are 8.43 trillion cubic meters, accounting for 21.4% of the national total resources (38.04 trillion cubic meters). Marine investigation activities have gradually expanded from the coastal sea to the oceans; the development of marine resources has also evolved from obtaining the "benefits of fishing and salting" to the all-around exploitation of the space resources of the oceans. Mineral resources, biological resources, chemical resources and marine energy. Marine industry from 40 years ago, the traditional marine fishing, salt production and shipping, to the reform and opening up of the booming development of modern marine oil and gas development, mariculture, marine chemical industry, until the rise of marine drugs, marine power generation and other new industries. The rapid and sustainable development of the marine economy depends more and more on scientific and technological progress. With the increasingly severe situation of safeguarding the rights and interests of the sea, as well as the increasingly active marine development activities, marine science and technology has also encountered a rare opportunity for development. China has formed a comprehensive research and development capability for unmanned submersibles, and the independently developed 6,000-meter underwater robot has been applied in China's oceanic polymetallic nodule exploration, while the on-board instruments of the first ocean water color satellite have been successfully developed. Although China's marine scientific research has achieved a series of important results, it is far from solving a series of key problems in the development of marine science and technology. In the current international marine scientific research is actively concerned about the background of global resources and environmental changes, China should focus on and strengthen the research on the sustainable development of marine resources and environmental technology, so that the investigation of marine resources from the surface observation, and gradually to the aviation and space remote sensing, comprehensive surface surveys, the seabed direct probing, deep-water exploration of a full range of three-dimensional stage of the investigation, the information technology, space technology, automation technology and other contemporary New technologies will be rapidly dissolved into the field of marine resources and environment research to improve the understanding of marine resources and the ability to manage them. Effective measures should be formulated to strengthen the application and promotion of marine high and new technology, and to increase the efforts to utilize high technology to transform traditional marine industries, develop new marine industries and cultivate marine high and new technology industries. On the basis of ensuring the sustainable use of marine resources, the depth and breadth of development should be strengthened, the scientific and technological content of development should be increased, the technological level in the field of marine development and marine services should be continuously improved, and the popularization and application of advanced and applicable technologies should be accelerated, so as to strive for the maximization of the added value of the marine economy. Comprehensively develop and utilize marine resources and improve the efficiency of resource utilization; constantly discover new resources, utilize new technologies, form and develop new marine industries, and promote the sustainable, rapid and healthy development of the marine economy. For marine renewable resources, it is necessary to improve the utilization efficiency of the resources, not only to utilize them as much as possible, but also to maintain the ecosystem with a strong ability to recover and maintain its sustainable production capacity; for marine non-renewable resources, it is necessary to develop them moderately in a planned manner, so as not to affect the interests of future generations. Optimize the allocation of marine resources so that their functions can be brought into full play. Integrated development of land and sea. The development of marine resources can promote the economic development of coastal areas, so it is necessary to implement the strategy of integrating the sea and land, formulate land development plans for coastal land areas and marine areas in an integrated manner, and gradually form coastal economic zones and marine economic zones, so as to promote the further prosperity and development of coastal areas. Harmonization of development and protection. It will formulate coordinated development plans for marine development and marine ecological environmental protection, strengthen marine environmental monitoring, surveillance and law enforcement management in accordance with the principles of prevention, prevention and control, and whoever pollutes, whoever manages; focus on strengthening the management of land-based pollutants, and implement a system of total pollutant volume control, so as to prevent the destruction of the marine environment.　　Protect the rights and interests of mankind to enjoy marine resources on an equal footing. The oceans are the *** same wealth as all mankind, and the development of this *** same property should be utilized with compensation. Through asset-based management, appropriate resource taxes should be charged for the use of marine resources, and equal enjoyment rights for the whole society should be realized through transfer payments.　　Improve the comprehensive management system of the ocean, formulate guiding and unified marine development policies, establish and improve laws and regulations conducive to the sustainable use of marine resources, and gradually improve the management and coordination of various marine development activities, to achieve the legalization of marine resources, asset-based management.