Data: The deeds of outstanding women in ancient times.

Wu Zetian (65438+ 16 February, 624-705), whose real name was Wu zhào, was born in Wenshui, Wenzhou (now Wenshui, Shanxi). The only orthodox female emperor in the history of China (reigned from 690 to 705) is also one of the emperors with the oldest enthronement age (67 years old) and the longest life span (82 years old). Together with Lv Hou, she was called "Lv Wu" in the Han Dynasty.

Wu Zetian is the second daughter of Wu Shihuo, the secretariat of Jingzhou. He entered the harem at the age of fourteen and was a talented person of Emperor Taizong. He was named "Wu Mei". Tang Gaozong was named Zhao Yi, then the queen, and was honored as the "queen of heaven", and was also called "double saint" with Emperor Gaozong. After the death of Emperor Gaozong, he became the empress dowager of Tang Zhongzong and Tang Ruizong.

In the first year of God's Grant (690), Wu Zetian established herself as emperor, changed her country name to Zhou, made Luoyang her capital, and established Wu Zhou. Before and after the reign of Wu Zetian, the imperial clan of the Tang Dynasty was massacred, and "cruel officialdom politics" arose.

However, she is "observant and good at judging", with more power and less power, and can use people. Reward agriculture and mulberry, reform official management, attach importance to talent selection, and make talents come forth in large numbers. In his later years, he gradually became extravagant and arbitrary, and gradually degenerated.

In the first year of Shenlong (705), Wu Zetian was seriously ill, and Prime Minister Zhang Jianzhi launched the "Shenlong Revolution" to support the restoration of Tang Zhongzong and forced him to abdicate. After the restoration of the Tang Dynasty, Zhongzong was honored as the "Emperor of Heaven". In the same year 1 1 month, Wu Zetian died in shangyang palace at the age of 82.

2. Lv Zhi

(2465438 BC-65438 BC+August 080 BC 65438 BC+08 BC), the word E Cong, commonly known as, or after the Han Dynasty, Lv Hou, etc. A native of Danfu County (now Shanxian County, Heze City, Shandong Province), she and Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty were later called "Lv Wu".

Lv Zhi was the empress of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang (reigned from 202 BC to 195 BC). After Gaozu's death, she was honored as the Empress Dowager (from 65438 BC to 65438 BC+080 BC), and was the first recorded empress and empress dowager in China history.

At the same time, Lv Zhi was also the first woman to be called the imperial system after Qin Shihuang unified China and implemented the imperial system. She was included in Sima Qian's Chronicle of the Emperor's Political Events, and later Ban Gu wrote Han Shu, which is still in use today. She initiated the exclusive rights of consorts in the Han Dynasty.

During the period of Lv Zhi's rule, the policy of "Huang Lao Yu Min Shu" was implemented, calligraphy was abolished, and folk books were encouraged to collect donations and restore old books. It laid a good foundation for the later rule of Wenjing.

3. Shangguan Waner

Shangguan Waner (664-765438+July 2 1 00), whose compound surname is Shangguan, also known as Shangguan, was born in Shanxian County, Shaanxi Province (now Shanzhou District, Sanmenxia City, Henan Province), a female official, poet and imperial concubine in the Tang Dynasty. After his grandfather Shangguan Yi was convicted and killed, he was assigned to the inner court as a maid with his mother Zheng.

At the age of fourteen, she was highly valued by Wu Zetian because of her cleverness and good writing style. She has been in charge of the imperial palace system for many years and is known as the "female prime minister". When Tang Zhongzong was named Zhao Rong, she became more powerful and had a prominent position in politics and literature. Since then, she has been in charge of the decrees and proclamations of the imperial court and the foreign court as an imperial concubine.

It is suggested to expand the library and add a bachelor's degree. During this period, he presided over Yazheng and commented on the world of poetry on behalf of the court. At one time, there were many poets, and The Whole Tang Poetry included 32 of his poems. In 7 10, Li Longji, the king of Linzi, rose up and launched a political revolution in Tang Long, and was killed at the same time as Wei Hou.

4. Queen Wende

Empress Wende Stone (6010315—July 28th, 636), whose name is unknown, is from Luoyang, Henan. Sun Sheng's daughter, Xiao Wei, the right general of Sui Dynasty, the half-sister of Sun Chang Wuji, the prime minister of Tang Dynasty, the queen of Li Shimin of Emperor Taizong, and the mother of Li Zhi of Tang Gaozong. In the history of China, he enjoyed the reputation of being a sage before being a saint.

He lost his father at the age of eight and was raised by his uncle Gao Shilian. /kloc-married at the age of 0/3, and was named Princess Qin in the first year of Wude. In the last years of Wude, he tried his best to win the support of Li Yuan and his harem for Li Shimin, and personally encouraged the soldiers on the day of the Xuanwumen Revolution.

Then worship the crown princess. Li Shimin was crowned queen 13 days after her accession to the throne. In the latter position, he is good at describing the present with the past, correcting Li Shimin's administrative mistakes and protecting loyal and effective ministers. Li Shimin gave birth to three sons and four daughters.

In June of the tenth year of Zhenguan (636), he died in the hall. At the age of 36, posthumous title Wende Queen was buried in Tang Zhaoling in November.

5. Li Qingzhao

Li Qingzhao (1March 084 13— about 1 155), Yi nationality, Han nationality, was born in Jinan, Jizhou (now Zhangqiu District, Jinan City, Shandong Province). A poetess in Song Dynasty, a representative of graceful and restrained ci school, was known as "the first talented woman in the ages".

Li Qingzhao was born in a scholarly family and had a good life in his early years. Her father Li has a rich collection of books, and she has laid a literary foundation in a good family environment since she was a child. After marriage, she and her husband Zhao Mingcheng devoted themselves to the collection and arrangement of calligraphy and painting stones.

Nomads from the central plains, south, lonely situation. In the lyrics, he wrote more about his early leisure life, his later life experience and sentimental mood. In form, it makes good use of line drawing, forms its own school and has beautiful language.

On the theory of ci, it emphasizes harmony and elegance, puts forward the theory that ci is different from one family, and opposes the method of writing ci into poetry. There are not many who can write poems. Some chapters have a sense of the times, praise history and use generous words, which is different from their style of words.

There are Yi 'an Jushi Collection and Yi 'an Ci, which have been lost. Later generations have a collection of Yu Shu's ci. There is a collation of Li Qingzhao's collected works today.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Wu Zetian

Baidu Encyclopedia-Queen Wende

Baidu encyclopedia-Shangguan Waner

Baidu Encyclopedia-Lv Zhi

Baidu encyclopedia-Li Qingzhao