The main buildings in Hehe Chengde

With the help of natural wild interest, the summer resort has formed the layout of southeast lake area, northwest mountain area and northeast grassland, which is isomorphic and becomes the epitome of Chinese territory. The palace area was built at the southern end, where the emperor exercised his power, lived, studied and entertained. So far, more than 20,000 pieces of furnishings and daily necessities of the emperor have been collected. The summer resort, the summer palace of the Qing emperor, has built more than 20 groups of buildings/kloc-0 by various traditional methods, integrating the characteristics of Jiangnan water town and northern grassland, and has become a model of China royal garden art.

The architectural layout of chengde mountain resort can be roughly divided into two parts: the palace area and the garden area. Garden scenic spots can be divided into three parts: lake area, plain area and mountain area.

The plain area is located in the north of the villa, covering an area of 607,000 square meters. Plain areas are mainly patches of grasslands and forests. It is divided into western grassland and eastern woodland. Grassland is mainly for horse racing trial, which is the venue for the emperor to hold horse racing activities. Woodland, called Wanshuyuan, is one of the important political activity centers of the Summer Resort. At that time, there was Wanshuyuan, which contained 28 yurts of different specifications. The largest is the Imperial Mongolian yurt, with a diameter of 70 feet 2. It is the emperor's temporary palace, where Qianlong often summoned foreign envoys of nobles, religious leaders and ethnic minorities. On the west side of Wanshuyuan is the Jinwen Museum, one of the four famous royal libraries in China. In addition, there are You Yong Temple, Chunhaoxuan, Suyun eaves and other buildings dotted between grassland and woodland.

The mountainous area is located in the northwest of the villa, covering an area of 4.435 million square meters. The mountainous area accounts for 4/5 of the whole garden area. From the peak in the northwest to the swamp and plain in the southeast, the relative height difference is 180 meters, forming a landscape surrounded by mountains and valleys, with clear springs flowing in the valleys and deep forests. At that time, many gardens and temples were built by using mountain peaks, cliffs, foothills and mountain streams. The temples around the summer resort cover an area of 472,000 square meters. There are 12 magnificent Lama temples, such as Boren Temple, Boshan Temple, Pule Temple, Anyuan Temple, Puning Temple, Puyou Temple, Guangyuan Temple, Xumi Fushou Temple, Putuo Zongcheng Temple, Guang 'an Temple, Luohantang Temple and Weiyi Temple, which were used by the Qing government to appease the northwest. The concentration, grand scale and exquisite architecture of temples, as well as the superb manufacturing skills of a large number of Buddha statues and ritual vessels in temples, make it one of the holy places of Tibetan Buddhism. Many gardens in the mountainous area were destroyed before liberation, but the scenery in the mountainous area is still very charming now, among which the most striking is the pavilion on two opposite peaks, one is called "Nanshan Snow" and the other is called "Surrounding Yunshan". From the pavilion, you can see all the scenic spots in the villa, several big temples outside the villa, and the strange peaks and rocks on the surrounding mountains in Chengde city. On another mountain peak, there is a pavilion called "Hammer Peak Sunset", and Hammer Peak first comes into view. Whenever the sun goes down, the hammer peak is resplendent and magnificent by Xia Hong, hence the name "sunset on the hammer peak". The palace area is located in the south of the villa, where the emperor handles government affairs and the empress dowager lives, at the southern end of the summer resort.

Covering area 12000 square meters. Including Gong Zheng, Song Hezhai, Wanhe Song Feng and East Palace (destroyed). The main hall is the main building in the palace area, including 9 courtyards, which are divided into "vestibule" and "back bedroom". The main hall is called "Lianjingbo City", which is made of precious nanmu, so it is also called Nanmu Hall. Palace area is the place where Qing emperors listened to politics, held ceremonies and lived. The architectural style is simple and elegant, but it does not lose the majesty of the palace. The main palace has now become a museum, displaying palace relics left over from the Qing Dynasty. There are more than 20,000 precious cultural relics in Gongzheng District. The back hall is called "Four Knowledge Bookstore", "Smoke makes you cool" and "Yunshan Resort", which is the place where the emperor handles state affairs, studies and lives. The hall of "Smoke and waves enjoying the cool" is a five-bay bungalow. The palace area is located in the south of the summer resort, bordering the plain area and the lake area in the northeast and the mountainous area in the northwest. The main building is in the middle, and the ancillary buildings are placed on both sides, which is basically balanced and symmetrical. Make full use of and transform the natural environment, so that the natural landscape and human landscape are skillfully combined, and the palace building of the summer resort is landscaped, showing the royal garden style. The palace area consists of four groups of buildings: Gong Zheng (turned into a summer resort museum), Song Hezhai, Dongfang (destroyed) and Wanhe Song Feng.