1. What is the relationship between painted pottery culture and primitive social life?

Painted pottery originated in the Neolithic Age about 10000 years ago. There are a large number of geometric patterns in painted pottery, which is not only the continuation and change of patterns such as woven fabric printing, fishing net, water vortex and leaves in early pottery, but also the surging inner music and visual expression of primitive people. People can express their sense of rhythm, such as action, balance, repetition and strength, with a brush, which is undoubtedly a magical creation. The animal and plant modeling in painted pottery is generally summarized by geometric figures, which shows the superb level of freehand brushwork in painted pottery. Painted pottery has many pictographs, and the most basic theme is reproductive theme. There are a lot of descriptions about fish, frogs, plant fruits and flowers. In the Banpo era, the average life expectancy of people was twenty or thirty years old, so giving birth was a mysterious and urgent matter. Therefore, these prolific animals, such as fish frogs, have become symbols of fertility. Especially in matriarchal society, praise for fertility is praise for women. The theme of reproduction has continued in folk art until today. There are also some very special figures, such as the fish-faced basin unearthed in Banpo, which depicts patterns on the inner wall of the basin, draws a round face and a triangular nose with decorative techniques, and draws eyes with two short lines, which seems to close their eyes and pray silently. Fish are painted on the ears and mouth, and fish are also painted on other parts of the basin. This kind of figure seems to be related to the primitive belief of Banpo clan and is the product of totem worship. This motif of decorating the human body with fish continues to today's folk art, but its communication and symbol will be distorted with the changes of social customs. The dance painted pottery basin unearthed in Shangsunjiazhai, Datong, Qinghai Province is a Majiayao-style dance painted pottery basin. Near the inner wall of the basin mouth, three groups of small people hand in hand were depicted, each group of five people had a headdress and tail. Hand-in-hand figure pattern is a very important motif in today's folk art, which is called "hand-in-hand doll", which is often called "grasping bun doll". In folk art, the pattern of "catching bun dolls" is ever-changing, but it is always said to be the god of human reproduction and protection. Therefore, designs such as hand in hand are not created simply for entertainment. They contain the nature of "witchcraft" and are the products of serving the practical purpose of human beings. On the basis of improving the function, the forms of painted pottery are ever-changing, which fully embodies the artistic talent and tireless creative enthusiasm of the pottery maker. Different types of decorative techniques and artistic effects have their own characteristics. Banpo painted pottery is represented by the sites unearthed in Anbanpo, Zhangjiangzhai and Beishouling, Baoji. Painted pottery is usually a flat-bottomed pot with a ring bottom, a flat-bottomed pot, a pot with a full belly, a flask and so on. The pattern is painted on the mouth edge, shoulders, upper abdomen and other eye-catching positions, or on the inner wall of the basin. In addition to geometric patterns such as broadband triangles, diagonals and twists and turns, there are a large number of animal patterns. The latter has a strong interest in painting. Miaodigou painted pottery is represented by Miaodigou in Shan County, Henan Province and Hu Quan Village in hua county, Shaanxi Province. Painted paintings are mostly applied to the upper half of the outer wall of a curved belly basin with a big mouth and a small bottom. The style is light and graceful, and the patterns are mostly depicted in arcs. In addition to birds, fish, frogs and other animals, the most diverse decorative techniques are dots, curved triangles, pendants, pods, petals and buds, and plant patterns have increased significantly. Patterns are mostly formed in a continuous way, which has a wonderful effect of virtual and real. Majiayao-style painted pottery pots, pots and basins have many shapes and large decorative area. The patterns are mostly vortex patterns, wave patterns and arc-edged triangular patterns, which have the characteristics of dense composition and changeable gyration.