Who knows the history of clothing development in China? comprehensive

According to the unearthed clothing tools such as bone needles and bone cones, the original clothing was reconstructed. Before the invention of textile technology, animal fur was the main material of people's clothes. At that time, there was no rope or thread, and clothes could be sewn with animal ligaments. In Neanderthal sites and other ancient tombs, a large number of ornaments, including headdresses, neck ornaments and wrist ornaments, were excavated from the ground floor. These materials include natural and beautiful stones, fish bones with animal teeth and shells in the sea. These ornaments were worn not only for decoration, but also to commemorate the victory of fishing and hunting.

Shang dynasty crown ornaments

The crown of Shang dynasty was a noble man wearing a drum-shaped crown scarf and gorgeous clothes (jade man unearthed from the tomb of a good woman in Anyang, Henan Province).

Shangzhou guizu clothing

Show of nobles wearing narrow-sleeved woven clothes and knee-covering clothes in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. During this period, the fabrics were mostly warm colors, especially yellow and red, and occasionally brown and brown, but this does not mean that there were no cool colors such as basket and green.

Dongzhou nanren clothing

The dress of Zhou Dynasty generally followed the dress system of Shang Dynasty, but it changed slightly.

Khufu in the Warring States Period

During the Warring States period, the clothing of Khufu changed obviously, and more importantly, the popularity of Khufu. The so-called Hu fu is actually the costumes of ethnic minorities in the northwest, which is very different from the Bo-Dai Han nationality in Take off your coat, Central China. Generally, short coats, trousers and leather boots are thin and narrow, which is convenient for activities. King Wuling of Zhao, who first adopted this kind of clothing, was the earliest reformer in China's clothing history.

Chu Guo GUI fu clothing

Embroidered single clothes and embroidery patterns of Chu ladies (unearthed from Chu Tomb No.1 Mazhuan, Jiangling, Hubei Province). There are more than ten pieces of costumes unearthed from Chu tombs in the middle of the Warring States period, including silks, silks, brocade, yarn, brocade, etc., which are the earliest physical objects seen at present. From the physical point of view, the styles of brocade robe and Zen garment are basically the same, that is, the front, back and two sleeves are one each, and the width of each piece is roughly equal to the width of the fabric itself.

Warring States women's dress

Exhibition of women's colorful robes in the Warring States period (refer to the restoration of unearthed silk paintings). There is an obvious difference between clothes with deep curves and other clothes, except that the lower part and the upper part of the coat are connected together, which is called "continuous hem" Pants are skirts. "Continuation" means extending the skirt. "Crochet" describes the style of skirt.

Shanggu Shangzhou clothing

Ancient Shang and Zhou costumes show narrow-sleeved women's dresses in the Warring States period (based on the bronze pot pattern unearthed in Chengdu, Sichuan). There is an obvious difference between clothes with deep curves and other clothes, except that the lower part and the upper part of the coat are connected together, which is called "continuous hem" Pants are skirts. "Continuation" means extending the skirt. "Crochet" describes the style of skirt.

Warring States warrior costume

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Shanggu junrong clothing

Restoration map of western Zhou samurai in ancient Shang and Zhou dynasties Ancient armor, mostly made of leather such as rhinoceros and shark, was painted with color. In the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, armor included "training armor" and "real armor" in addition to leather armor. Armor training time is earlier, mostly made of silk and thick cotton, which belongs to the category of cloth armor.

Men's songs in Han dynasty

Deep clothing for men's dramas in Han dynasty (taking the restoration of pottery figurines unearthed in Xianyang, Shaanxi Province as an example). Men's clothing styles in Han Dynasty can be roughly divided into Qu Luan and Zhi Luan. Qu Qu, that is, the deep clothes popular in the Warring States period. It was still used in the Han Dynasty, but it was more common in the early Western Han Dynasty.

The coronation of the Han emperor

Costumes of Qin and Han Dynasties: coronation map of emperor, coronation map and red crown map (refer to the written records and restoration drawings of pottery figurines unearthed from Han tombs in Jinan, Shandong Province and stone reliefs unearthed from Han tombs in Yinan). This picture was restored and drawn according to literature records and pattern data. The patterns on clothes are mostly brick paintings, lacquer paintings, silk paintings and portrait bricks of the same period. The crown is a ceremonial crown worn by the courtiers of ancient emperors when attending sacrificial ceremonies. Used as sacrificial clothing for emperors, princes, etc. At the top of the crown, there is a rectangular crown plate behind the front circle, and the "crown" is hung on the front and back of the crown plate.

Han dynasty general Jia

Han dynasty armor Han dynasty generals armor exhibition map. The Qin Dynasty is the most comprehensive, accurate and detailed dynasty in the history of China, which is attributed to the discovery of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses in the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang. Judging from the pottery figurines unearthed in pits Lintong 1, 2 and 3, Shaanxi Province, the carving technology of these terracotta warriors and horses is extremely realistic, not only the figures are self-possessed and lifelike. Warrior figurines unearthed in Qin Dynasty are divided into military figurines, military attache figurines, knight figurines, archer figurines and infantry figurines, and their armor and costumes show a strict hierarchy.

Women in Qin and Han Dynasties

Women's colorful clothes in Qin and Han Dynasties (based on the restoration of pottery figurines unearthed in Xi 'an and Xuzhou) and women wearing colorful clothes (pottery figurines unearthed in Tongshan Han Tomb in Xuzhou, Jiangsu). In the Han dynasty, colorful deep clothes were not only worn by men, but also the most common clothing style in women's clothing, which was reflected in many image materials. This kind of clothing is tight and narrow, long and easy to drag, and its hem is generally trumpet-shaped and does not show its feet. Sleeves are wide and narrow, and cuffs are mostly wrapped.

Wei Jinlong Guanda sleeve shirt

Men in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties usually wore long-sleeved shirts. Until the Southern Dynasties, this kind of shirt was still loved by men from all walks of life and became a fashion. The image of the halter crown is similar to that unearthed in the tombs of the Northern Dynasties, but the time is earlier than other materials. It can be seen that the halter crown did not come from Hu Customs, but was first popular in the Central Plains, and then gradually spread to the north, becoming one of the main crown styles in the Northern Dynasties.

Liang Jia in Southern and Northern Dynasties

Ming Guang Jia in the Southern and Northern Dynasties The armor in the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties mainly includes two armor sleeves, hip armor and Ming Guang Jia. The origin of the word "bright armor" is said to be related to the circular protection on the chest and back. Because most of these circular shields are made of metals such as copper and iron, the polished aurora looks like a mirror. Wearing bright armor on the battlefield will give off dazzling "light" because of the sun's irradiation, hence the name. There are many styles of this kind of armor, and the complexity is also different: some just add two round guards at the front and back of the crotch, some are equipped with shoulder pads and knee pads, and some are so complicated that there are several shoulder pads. Most of the bulletproof vests grow to the hips, and the waist is tied with a belt.

Hip nail in Wei and Jin dynasties

Two-legged armor in Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties The armor in Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties mainly includes two-legged armor, hip armor and bright armor. "crouching" has two meanings, one is "crouching shirt" in the clothing system; One refers to the "two-crotch armor" worn by warriors. The appearance of the two is basically the same, and the difference is mainly in the material. Crotch shirts are generally made of cloth and silk with silk cotton in the middle to keep warm. Hip nails are mostly made of hard metal and leather.

Women's skirts in Wei and Jin Dynasties

Blouses and skirts in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties are characterized by ladies and attendants wearing long sleeves and striped skirts (Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes murals) and long sleeves and striped skirts (Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes donor murals restored). On both sides of the tunnel in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes and below the Buddhist stories, there are often rows of neat men and women, ranging from a few inches to a few feet high. Among them, there are both powerful and prominent officials and ordinary civilians. These figures all gave money to build caves, and they painted their own statues on the walls, indicating that all the bodhisattvas and Buddha statues in the caves were provided by them, so they were called cave owners, also known as providers. Many providers are equipped with inscriptions, indicating the year number, title, ranking, surname and so on.

The robes and robes of Tang officials

The official dress of men in the Tang Dynasty was the first dress developed on the basis of the Han and Wei Dynasties, and it was also called Fu Tou. After the Tang Dynasty, people added a fixed ornament to the hoe, called "towel". The shape of towels varies from time to time. Besides towels, many changes have taken place in the feet of steamed bread. By the end of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, the original soft foot had become a hard foot with one left and one right. Officials in the Tang Dynasty mainly wore round neck and narrow sleeves, and their colors have been stipulated: all officials with more than three products should use purple; More than five products, blushing for color; Six products and seven products are green; Eight products and nine products are cyan. There will be slight changes in the future. In addition, the application of horizontal bow under the robe was also a major feature of men's wear at that time.

Liaodai beiban clothing

The northern class in Liao Dynasty was mainly dressed in robes, which were available to both men and women. Clothing features are generally left collar, round neck and narrow sleeves. There are knotted buttons on the robe, which are tied to the chest and then hang down to the knees. The colors of robes are gray, such as gray-green, gray-blue, ochre yellow, black-green and so on, and the patterns are relatively simple. Most of the robes of the aristocratic class are exquisite and have flat rust patterns. Dragon pattern is a traditional pattern of Han nationality, which appears on the clothing of Qidan men, reflecting the mutual influence of the two nationalities.

Liaodai beiban clothing

The northern class in Liao Dynasty was mainly dressed in robes, which were available to both men and women. Clothing features are generally left collar, round neck and narrow sleeves. There are knotted buttons on the robe, which are tied to the chest and then hang down to the knees. The color of robes is gray, such as gray-green, gray-blue, ochre yellow and black-green, and the pattern is simple. Most of the robes of the aristocratic class are exquisite and have flat rust patterns.

Liaodai men's edition clothing

Southern half-clothing in Liao Dynasty Liao Dynasty called Han nationality clothing "Hanfu", also called "Southern half-clothing". It is different from the "national costume" (or "northern class costume") of the Qidan nationality. This kind of dress can be worn not only by ordinary people, but also by Han officials. The belt has a belt, which turned out to be made by Hu. There are rings between the belts, which are used to hang various articles for personal use, such as bows, arrows, calculators, knives and grindstones. It is also useful in other ethnic groups.

Noble casual clothes in yuan dynasty

Yuan dynasty aristocratic casual clothes map, narrow sleeve woven dragon brocade robe, corrugated hat, cloud shoulder, satin boots. In the Yuan Dynasty, the nobles attacked the Han system and widely woven dragon patterns on their clothes. According to Yuan Shi, the emperor's robes, kneepads, hostesses, belts and ribbon rings were all decorated with various dragon patterns. There are eight dragons in the robe alone, not counting the little dragons beside the leader's clothes. The dragon pattern was created by the Han people, and it represents the culture of the Chinese nation. After the end of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, the northern minorities successively established political power, and all followed this model without exception.

Yuan dynasty brocade half sleeve

The picture of brocade and half sleeves in Yuan Dynasty is brocade and half sleeves. In the Yuan Dynasty, a large amount of gold was used for clothing, surpassing previous dynasties. The phenomenon of adding gold to fabrics appeared long before the Qin Dynasty. As for the use of Hanfu, it was about the Eastern Han Dynasty or later, mainly used in the court. It was not until the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties that the fashion of clothing weaving gold was popularized nationwide. There were eighteen kinds of gold for aristocratic costumes in Song Dynasty.

Knitted coat for men's clothing in Yuan Dynasty

The picture of braided clothes in Yuan Dynasty shows braided clothes, square corrugated heald hats and leather boots. Mongolian man, wearing a "corrugated hat" made of rattan, has two styles of Fiona Fang, and the top is decorated with jewels. The style of knitted coat is round neck, tight sleeves, wide hem and tightly folded. A wide waist made of braided thread is sewn on the waist and some buttons are nailed, commonly known as "knitted coat" or "tunic coat". Knitted coats were produced in the Jin Dynasty, but they were widely used in the Yuan Dynasty. At first, it may be the clothing of humble waiters and guards. Later, wearing braided clothes was not limited to the guards, especially at the end of the Yuan Dynasty.

Women's Clothing of Han Nationality in Yuan Dynasty

Most of the costumes displayed in the pictures of Han women's costumes in the Yuan Dynasty were taken from a Yuan tomb in the suburbs of Wuxi, including double-breasted tops with wide edges, short edges and no edges, vests with double-breasted slits and lapels with purple sauce silk edges, single-breasted skirts with cross stitches in the center of the front, and skirts with folded edges on both sides. There are two styles of shoes, one is palindrome; The other is a plain, pointed, knotted upper with lines. The sole is made of coarse cotton cloth. There are also pants, wallets and other things that women use.

Half-arm skirt in Yuan Dynasty

In the Yuan Dynasty, skirts and gowns were half-armed, with gowns as the main clothing. The style is slightly larger than that of Liao Dynasty. Men's official uniforms mostly come from the customs of the Han nationality, "making Luo, big sleeves, standing collar and right collar." Its status is reflected in the colors and patterns of clothing. The crown of public office is made of hoes and lacquered yarn to show its feet.

Armor and military uniform of Liao Dynasty

The costumes in Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties were established by the Qidan nationality, and quickly became strong in a short time, mainly absorbing and adopting the advanced culture, production technology and social system of the Central Plains, and naturally including military velvet costumes. In terms of armor, according to Liao history, when Liao was in Qidan, the army had already used armor, mainly in the styles of the late Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, mainly in the Song Dynasty. The upper structure of the armor is exactly the same as that of the Song Dynasty, but the leg skirt is obviously shorter than that of the Song Dynasty, and the two sides of the stork tail armor cover the leg skirt, maintaining the characteristics of the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. Armor belly protector seems to be hung in front of the abdomen with a belt, and then fixed with a belt. Like leather armor in the Song Dynasty, the big circle protector in the middle of the chest is unique to the Liao Dynasty. In the Liao Dynasty, leather armor was used in addition to real armor. The clothing of Qidan military attache can be divided into official clothing and official clothing. There is no obvious difference in style. They are all narrow-sleeved robes with stand-up collars. Like ordinary men's clothes, official clothes may be slightly tighter than official clothes. Both can be worn as military uniforms.

Jin dynasty armor and military uniform

Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties were all founded by Jurchen people. Early armor only had a bust, and below it was a kneepad; Around the middle period, the armor was quickly completed, with long and wide leg skirts. The protection area was almost the same as that of the Song Dynasty, and its shape was also influenced by the Northern Song Dynasty. The robes of the Jin Dynasty are narrow sleeves with standing collars, and the length of the robes reaches the foot. Jungle robes can also be worn outside the armor.

Xixia armor and military uniform

Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties costume Xixia is a multi-ethnic kingdom established by the Tangut Qiang people. The armor worn by the samurai is full-body, and the helmet and shawl are exactly the same as those in the Song Dynasty. The bulletproof vest seems to be two hip armor, knee-length, or short armor, which shows that the manufacture of armor lags behind the Central Plains after all.

Armor and military uniform in yuan dynasty

The armor in Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties included Liu Jia and Tie Jia. The inner layer of iron hoop armor is cowhide and the outer layer is iron net armor. The nail pieces are connected together like fish scales, and the arrow can't penetrate, so the production is extremely exquisite. There are leather armor, cloth armor and so on. There is only one kind of national service in military service, that is, high-quality sun suit, which is a kind of robe with tight sleeves, with a cross collar and a square collar, which is long and short, reaching to the knee and short to the knee. There is also a kind of knitted coat, which is exactly the same as the sun suit except that the hem is wider and denser. The waist is sewn with a wide waist made of braided thread and some buttons are nailed, commonly known as "knitted coat" or "waistline coat".

The uniform of the Ming emperor

The secret service of the Ming emperor. The uniform, also called the wing crown, is covered with black gauze and folded with towels. The style is vertical collar, narrow sleeves, embroidered with golden dragon patterns on the front and back and shoulders, and jade leather boots. This suit has many uses. The official robes of the Ming emperor are yellow silk, embroidered dragon, lent text and twelve chapters. From ancient times to the Ming Dynasty, the dragon pattern changed its energy countless times.

Empress sleeve in Ming dynasty

The clothes of concubines in Ming Dynasty mainly include shirts, coats, gowns, backs, bibs and skirts. Most of the basic styles of clothes were imitated from the Tang and Song Dynasties, and they were generally right-handed, which restored the customs of the Han nationality. There are strict regulations on the clothes worn by married women, which are generally divided into formal clothes and regular clothes. The queen usually wears a Dai Long rockhopper and a long-sleeved red coat with a robe, a long red dress and a red lapel. The first dress is decorated with dragons and phoenixes, and the clothes are embroidered with golden dragons and phoenixes.

Kirin robes of Ming dynasty officials

Exhibition map of official uniforms in Ming Dynasty. The costumes of civil and military officials in the Ming Dynasty mainly include court clothes, sacrificial clothes, public clothes and regular clothes. Kirin robe is the official's royal dress. Its clothing is characterized by a large front, a sloping collar and loose sleeves, and a horizontal front. ,? It is full. Embroidered patterns, in addition to the chest and back group, are also distributed at the upper end of the rotator cuff and under the waist (a horizontal bar). In addition, a wide edge made of natural color was sewn under the left and right ribs, which was called "pendulum" at that time. Liu Ruoyu, the eunuch of the Ming Dynasty, described this kind of clothing in his book Proceedings. He said: "It has a continuous back, but it has a pendulum on both sides, two sections in front and a horse face fold under it, starting from both sides." According to the regulations, the materials and patterns used in this kind of clothing have a certain system. "Ming history? Yu Fuzhi said: In the thirteenth year of Zheng De, "the minister got a red silk yarn and a silk yarn. Its clothing color, bullfighting one product, flying fish two products, python three products, Kirin four or five products, tiger six or seven products; Hanlin technology is not limited to achievements; However, Cao's five tastes are not harmonious. "

Official costume of Ming dynasty

Officials in the Ming Dynasty used to wear uniforms. This picture shows the supplementary services of officials and their work. Put on their jobs and hats, and put on robes with narrow sleeves. A "collar" is a high collar with a round brim. This kind of robe is the main clothing style of men in Ming Dynasty, which can be worn not only by bureaucrats but also by ordinary people, but with different colors. The collar clothes worn by ordinary people must avoid dark black, purple, green, willow yellow, turmeric and bright yellow, while others such as blue and ochre are not restricted, commonly known as "variegated collar clothes". Twenty-five years after the founding of the Ming Dynasty, the court made new regulations on official uniforms. All civil and military officials, regardless of rank, must put patches on the chest and back of the robe, with birds for civil servants and beasts for military officers to show the difference. This is the most distinctive costume in the official costume of the Ming Dynasty.

Ming dynasty thread embroidered robe

Ming Dynasty clothing Wanli winged three-eyed dragon, double-breasted and embroidered dragon robe with narrow sleeves (unearthed objects), and the vertical part of the robe material has been cut short. From ancient times to the Ming Dynasty, the dragon pattern changed its energy countless times. Generally speaking, the dragon patterns in the pre-Qin period are relatively simple and rough, and most of them have no limbs and claws, similar to reptiles. In Qin and Han dynasties, dragon patterns were mostly animal-shaped, with intact limbs and claws, but without scales. They are often painted as walking patterns, giving people an illusory feeling. The image of the dragon in Ming Dynasty is more perfect, which concentrates the local characteristics of various animals, such as head like a bull's head, body like a snake, horns like antlers, eyes like shrimp's eyes, nose like a lion's nose, mouth like a donkey's mouth, ears like cat's ears, claws like eagle's claws and tail like a fish's tail.

Ming dynasty clothing longpao

Late Ming Dynasty and Ming Dynasty Costume Golden Land Silk Peacock Feather Robe. The whole body is embroidered with dragon patterns. Judging from the clothing style, the style is inclined collar robe, which is the emperor's casual clothes. From ancient times to the Ming Dynasty, the dragon pattern changed its energy countless times. Generally speaking, the dragon patterns in the pre-Qin period are relatively simple and rough, and most of them have no limbs and claws, similar to reptiles. In Qin and Han dynasties, dragon patterns were mostly animal-shaped, with intact limbs and claws, but without scales. They are often painted as walking patterns, giving people an illusory feeling. The image of the dragon in Ming Dynasty is more perfect, which concentrates the local characteristics of various animals, such as head like a bull's head, body like a snake, horns like antlers, eyes like shrimp's eyes, nose like a lion's nose, mouth like a donkey's mouth, ears like cat's ears, claws like eagle's claws and tail like a fish's tail.

Men's robes in Ming dynasty

In the Ming Dynasty, officials usually wore five bats and held a robe with a longevity pattern, while men wore square nipples and robes. In Ming Dynasty, men's casual clothes were mostly robes and shirts, mainly with wide breasts, right sleeves and wide sleeves, and the bottoms were knee-length. The leisure fabrics of aristocratic men are mainly satin, with patterns and tapestries painted on them. Most of the patterns on robes are auspicious. Among the more common clouds and bats, there is a group of "longevity", which means "five bats hold longevity". This pattern was particularly popular in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, not only in clothing, but also in other utensils and architectural decoration. On the other hand, true flower is an abstract decorative pattern, which is usually based on lotus, honeysuckle or peony, distorted and exaggerated, and interspersed with some branches and leaves and buds to form a neat, dignified and lively decorative pattern.

Men's leisure brocade in Ming dynasty

Officials in Ming dynasty used to wear men's casual clothes in Ming dynasty, mostly robes and shirts, with wide chest, right chest and wide sleeves and knee-length bottoms. The leisure fabrics of aristocratic men are mainly satin, with patterns and tapestries painted on them. Most of the patterns on robes are auspicious. Among the more common clouds and bats, there is a group of "longevity", which means "five bats hold longevity". This pattern was particularly popular in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, not only in clothing, but also in other utensils and architectural decoration. Decorating casual clothes with real patterns was also a major feature of men's wear at that time. On the other hand, true flower is an abstract decorative pattern, which is usually based on lotus, honeysuckle or peony, distorted and exaggerated, and interspersed with some branches and leaves and buds to form a neat, dignified and lively decorative pattern. This style of clothing was very popular at that time. Since the Tang Dynasty, a large number of precious flowers have entered costumes and become the favorite artistic patterns of the broad masses of the people. In the Ming dynasty, baohua was once a special pattern for emperors and queens, and it was forbidden for people to use it, just like python dragon pattern. But soon the ban was lifted and applied to all kinds of clothing.

Yan skirt in Ming dynasty

Show the dress of Ming Dynasty. The form of dress with a skirt on it is the main dress of women in Tang Dynasty, and it still accounts for a certain proportion in women's dress in Ming Dynasty. The coat is a long-sleeved coat with a cross collar. The skirt was light in color at first, although it had patterns, but it was not obvious. By the early years of Chongzhen, skirts were mostly plain white, and even if there were embroidery patterns, only a lace was decorated one or two inches below the skirt as a presser foot. At the beginning of the skirt, there were six pieces, that is, the so-called "skirt dragging six pieces of Xiangjiang River water"; After using it for eight times, there are many fine wrinkles at the waist, and the lines are like water lines. By the end of the Ming dynasty, the decoration of skirts became more and more exquisite, and the number of skirts increased to ten. The pleats at the waist are getting denser and denser, and each pleat has a color. The breeze blows, and the color is like a moonlight skirt, so it is called a "moonlight skirt".

Ming dynasty armor

In the Ming dynasty, there was a kind of fat coat in armor worn by Ming soldiers, which was made of "knee-length, narrow sleeves and inner cotton" and was red in color, so it was also called "red fat coat". Knights ride horses in double-breasted clothes. Battlefield is mostly made of copper and iron, and leather is rarely used. The armor worn by the general is also made of copper and iron, and the shape of the armor plate is mostly "mountain", which is accurate and light to wear. Soldiers wear chain mail, iron mesh skirt pants and iron mesh boots below the waist. This picture shows the restoration of the Ming samurai.

The court clothes of the Qing emperor

The costumes of the emperors in the Qing Dynasty included court clothes, auspicious clothes, regular clothes, luggage and so on. The imperial robes and crowns worn by the emperor are divided into winter clothes and summer clothes. The difference between winter clothes and summer clothes is mainly in the edge of clothes. Satin is used in spring and summer, and expensive fur is used in autumn and winter. The color of court clothes is mainly yellow, and bright yellow is the most expensive. It is only used on sacrificial days, red in the morning and white at night. The patterns of court costumes are mainly dragon patterns and twelve chapter patterns. Generally, the front, back and arms are embroidered with one dragon; The waist curtain embroidery line has nine embroidered dragons (folds) before and after the dragon five strip; There are two embroidered dragons and four embroidered dragons; There are two dragons embroidered on the shawl; Embroider a dragon at the end of the sleeve.

The robes of the Qing emperor

The costumes of the emperors in the Qing Dynasty included court clothes, auspicious clothes, regular clothes, luggage and so on. The emperor's robes belong to the category of auspicious clothes, which are slightly inferior to those of court clothes and clothes, and usually wear more. When wearing a dragon robe, you must wear an auspicious dress crown, tie an auspicious dress belt and hang beads. Dragon robe is mainly bright yellow, and it can also be used in golden apricot and other colors. In ancient times, it was called the position of emperor, which was the honor of the ninth five-year plan. The number of the Ninth Five-Year Plan is usually a symbol of nobility, which is embodied in royal buildings, household appliances and so on. The dragon robe of the Qing emperor,

The phoenix robe of the Qing empress

The dress style of the Qing Empress is basically similar to that of Manchu ladies. Round neck, big skirt, collar, sleeves and skirt are decorated with wide lace, but the patterns are different. The clothing pattern shown in this picture is a phoenix wearing peony. The whole dress is embroidered with eight Cai Feng and Cai Feng on the bright blue satin floor, with several peony flowers in the middle. The color of peony is quiet and elegant, and the color changes vividly, which has the characteristics of traditional landscape painting. On the contrary, the color of Phoenix is relatively strong, and the contrast between red and green is extremely strong, which has typical national style and characteristics of the times.

Pipa Jia in Qing Dynasty

Clothing in the Qing Dynasty Men's wear in the Qing Dynasty mainly includes robes, jackets, coats, shirts and trousers. Dress is the most important dress. Among them, there is a kind of coat, the length is not longer than the waist, and the sleeves only cover the elbows. Short clothes and short sleeves are convenient for riding, so they are called "jackets". The styles of mandarin jackets are divided into double-breasted buttons, large-breasted buttons and short-breasted buttons (pipa-breasted buttons). Double-breasted mandarin jackets are often used as dresses. Long-breasted mandarin jackets are often used as uniforms and usually wear robes outside. Jackets lacking lapels (pipa lapels) are mostly used as luggage. Mandarin jackets are mostly short sleeves with wide and straight sleeves. Besides yellow, one-day cyan or meta cyan is usually used as clothes. Other dark red, light green, sauce purple, dark blue and dark gray can be used as uniforms.

Yun Jian in the late Qing Dynasty

In the Qing Dynasty, the cloud shoulder was an ornament worn by women. It has existed since the Five Dynasties, and it is a four-in-one shape. Women in Ming Dynasty were used as decorations on clothes. Women in the Qing dynasty also used it on wedding dresses. In the late Qing Dynasty, Jiangnan women wore low bun, fearing that their shoulders would be stained with greasy bun, so they often wore cloud shoulders. The cloud shoulders used by aristocratic women are exquisitely made, and some are cut into lotus shapes or tied into tassels, with rows of whiskers hanging around them. Some of the cloud shoulders used by Cixi are made of big and round pearls, and a cloud shoulder is woven with 3,500 pearls.

Warrior armor in Qing dynasty

The headdresses of the Qing Dynasty, whether made of iron or leather, were painted on the surface. There are two beams at the front, back, left and right of the helmet, and a cover eyebrow protrudes from the middle of the forehead, on which there is a dancing engine and a bowl. There is a helmet plate shaped like a small handleless wine cup on the bowl, and there is an iron pipe or copper pipe for cutting the tassel gun, carving feathers or otter tail in the middle of the helmet plate. There are lapis lazuli and other colors of silk collar, neck and ear protectors, embroidered with patterns and decorated with copper or iron foam nails. Armor is divided into armor and apron. Shoulder pad is installed on the shoulder of armor, and shoulder pad provides underarm protection;

Eight Banners Armor in Qing Dynasty

The headdresses of the Qing Dynasty, whether made of iron or leather, were painted on the surface. There are two beams at the front, back, left and right of the helmet, and a cover eyebrow protrudes from the middle of the forehead, on which there is a dancing engine and a bowl. There is a helmet plate shaped like a small handleless wine cup on the bowl, and there is an iron pipe or copper pipe for cutting the tassel gun, carving feathers or otter tail in the middle of the helmet plate. There are lapis lazuli and other colors of silk collar, neck and ear protectors, embroidered with patterns and decorated with copper or iron foam nails. Armor is divided into armor and apron. Shoulder pad is installed on the shoulder of armor, and shoulder pad provides underarm protection; In addition, wear a metal heart protector on the chest and back, and a trapezoidal abdomen protector on the front seam under the mirror, which is called "front guard". Wearing a "left block" on the left side of the waist and not wearing a block on the right side is reserved for wearing a bow and arrow bag. The apron is divided into left and right pieces and tied around the waist with a belt when worn. In the middle of the two skirts, a tiger head made of the same material covered her knees. The armor of the Eight Banners soldiers in Qing Dynasty was made of leather. This suit is for military parade and is usually collected. In the Qing Dynasty, in addition to the Eight Banners of Manchu Dynasty, Mongolia also set up the Eight Banners of Mongolia, and the Han nationality also set up the Eight Banners of Han Dynasty. In fact, 24 flags took part in the military parade.

Wide-sleeved clothes of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

Although the dress of women in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in Qing Dynasty was regulated, it was not strict. Most women don't wear horns and cool hats. Most of them tie their foreheads with silks and satins and wear hoods in winter. At the beginning of the uprising, women wore men's clothes, and some wore miao clothing. After Tianjing, the capital, due to the improvement of living conditions, most women do not wear men's clothes, and the patterns used vary according to their status. Ordinary women wear robes made of various silks and satins. The style is mainly round neck, the neckline is small, the waist is more suitable, the hem is loose, and the dress is knee-length and left collar. In order to facilitate activities, slits are often arranged at the bottom, either at the sides or in the middle.

Dragon robe of loyal monarch in Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

Clothing of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in Qing Dynasty Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is the only peasant regime in China with clothing system. In clothing, it not only inherits the traditional system, but also innovates, forming a unique dressing system. The crown hats of generals in Taiping Heavenly Kingdom include horn hats, wind hats, cool hats and hats. Horn hat with dragon and phoenix patterns on it. Robes and jackets are round neck and wide sleeves embroidered with patterns to distinguish positions. There are two kinds of mandarin jackets: red and yellow, and positions are distinguished by color.