What are the characteristics of automobile electrical system?

It is to use the automobile engine, chassis, body and other metal parts as the * * * connecting wires of various electrical equipment, and only one wire is needed to connect the electrical equipment to the power supply. The current in any circuit starts from the positive pole of the power supply, flows into the electrical equipment through the conductor, and then flows back to the negative pole of the power supply through the metal frame to form a loop.

2. Negative electrode grounding

When a single-wire system is adopted, one electrode of the battery is connected to a metal vehicle body, such as an engine or a chassis, through a wire. If the negative electrode of the battery is connected to the metal car body, it is called negative electrode grounding; Conversely, if the positive electrode of the battery is connected to the metal car body, it is called positive electrode grounding.

3. Two power supplies

It is a battery and a generator. The battery is an auxiliary power supply, which supplies power to related electrical equipment when the car is not running; The generator is the main power source. When the engine runs to a certain speed, the speed of the generator reaches the specified power generation speed, and it starts to supply power to related electrical equipment and charge the battery at the same time.

4, electrical equipment in parallel

That is, all kinds of electrical equipment in the car are connected in parallel to the power supply, and each electrical equipment is controlled by a special switch connected in series in its branch, which does not interfere with each other.

5. Low voltage DC power supply

Low-voltage DC is widely used in automobile electrical equipment, 24V DC is widely used in diesel vehicles and 12V DC is widely used in gasoline vehicles.

Extended data

working process

The battery and generator in the power supply system work in parallel. When the engine works normally, the generator supplies power to the electrical equipment and charges the battery; When starting, the battery supplies power to the starter.

Because the generator is driven by the engine through the transmission belt, when the engine speed changes, the generator output voltage will also change.

In order to meet the constant voltage requirements of automobile electrical equipment and battery charging, a voltage regulator is set in the power supply system to ensure that the output voltage of the generator is stable within a certain range and prevent electrical equipment from being burned due to excessive voltage fluctuation.

The charging status indicator indicates the charging and discharging status of the battery.