What do J, Q, K mean in poker? What is it in English?

Poker (poker) has two meanings, one refers to playing cards, also known as playing cards (playing cards), the other refers to the use of cards to play the game, known as poker games. On the origin of poker has a variety of claims, France, Belgium, Italy and Egypt, India, North Korea and other countries, some scholars believe that the invention should be attributed to their own country, but ultimately, because there is no conclusive historical data can be investigated, so far there is no conclusive; Muo Yi Yi, now more generally accepted by Chinese and foreign scholars is the view that the origin of the modern poker is in our country, a kind of the Tang Dynasty called the "leaf drama "The game of cards. Legend has it that as early as the end of the Qin Dynasty, Chu and Han Dynasty, General Han Xin in order to alleviate the soldiers' homesickness, invented a card game, because the card face is only the size of a leaf, so it is known as the "leaf play". (The "leaf card" is the size of two fingers. (The "leaf card", the size of two fingers. 8 centimeters long, 2.5 centimeters wide "leaf card", framed with silk and paper, the pattern is printed with woodcut). This is said to be the prototype of playing cards.

The twelfth century, Marco? Polo brought this card game to Europe, and it immediately aroused great interest in the West. At first, it was only a luxury for the aristocracy, but because it was cheap, easy to play and easy to learn, it soon became popular among the people.

The Chinese interpreted the four colors as the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter;

The French interpreted the four colors as spears, squares, lilac leaves and hearts;

The Germans interpreted the four colors as leaves, bells, acorns and hearts;

The Italians interpreted the four colors as swords, coins, crutches and wine glasses;

The Swiss interpreted the four colors as the four seasons of spring, summer and autumn. The Swiss understand the four colors as acorns, bells, flowers and shields;

and the English understand the four colors as spades, diamonds, clovers and hearts.

Why these four patterns should be used as the playing card suits, there are many sayings throughout the ages. The more concentrated ones are the following two:

One is that these four suits represent the four main trades of the society at that time, with spades representing spears, symbolizing soldiers; clubs representing trefoils, symbolizing agriculture; diamonds representing bricks and mortar used by craftsmen; and hearts representing red hearts, symbolizing priests.

Another theory is that the four colors come from the drawings of ancient European artifacts used in divination, with the spade representing the olive leaf, symbolizing peace; the plum blossom being the clover, meaning luck; the square being in the shape of a diamond, symbolizing wealth; and the cardinal being the shape of a red heart, symbolizing wisdom and love.

The 54-card pattern of playing cards is also very wonderful to explain:

The king represents the sun, the king represents the moon, and the rest of the 52 cards represent the 52 weeks of the year;

The four suits of hearts, diamonds, clubs, and spades symbolize the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn, and winter;

The fact that there are 13 cards in each suit means that each season has 13 weeks in each season.

If you take the J, Q, and K as 11, 12, and 13 points, and the king and queen as half-points, the total number of points in a deck of playing cards is exactly 365. And a leap year counts the major and minor kings as 1 point each, ***366 points.

Experts generally agree that the above explanation is not a coincidence, because the design and invention of playing cards are inextricably linked to astrology, divination, and astronomy and calendars.

There was a legend that Henry VIII was the model for the four K's; the four K's on the oldest surviving British playing cards have the same curly mustache and beard as Henry VIII. It is also said that the model for the portrait motif on the four Queens was probably Queen Elizabeth of York, the queen of Henry VII. The manufacture of playing cards in France has always developed along the lines of each manufacturer's own, and by 1813 the government issued an officially approved design, giving a name to each head card, which is still used for many playing cards to this day:

Spades, Hearts, Diamonds, Clubs

K, David, Charles, Caesar, Alexander

Q, Pallas, Judith, Rachel. Akinyi

J Hodgil Rahael Hector Lancelot to be

K of Spades

David was the father of King Solomon of Israel in the 10th century B.C.E. He was a good harp player and wrote many hymns in the Bible, so the K of Spades picture often has a harp icon on it.

Queen of Spades

Pallas was the Greek goddess of wisdom and war, Pallas? Asina, the only one of the four Queens cards to hold a weapon.

The J of Spades

Hodgil was the squire of Charles I (the King of Hearts).

King of Hearts

Charles I is the only king of the four kings who does not wear a beard.

The Q of Hearts

was Queen Judith.

The Jack of Hearts

Rahel was Charles VII's squire.

King of Diamonds

Great Julius Caesar was the king of the Roman Empire and is the only side portrait in the four king cards.

Q

Queen of Diamonds

Queen Lycor.

J of Diamonds

Hector was Charles I's valet.

Plum K

It was Alexander, King of the Macedonian Empire, who first conquered the world, and always wore jewelry complete with crosses on his clothes.

Plum Q

The word Argine is derived from the word Regina, the Queen, who held a rosebush, signifying that the Lancaster royal family, symbolized by the red rosebush, and the York royal family, symbolized by the white rosebush, were finally reconciled after the Wars of the Roses, and knotted their rosebuds together.

Plum J

Lancelot stayed a knight in the King Arthur stories.

The J (JACK) in poker was originally used in the word KNAVE (villain), which was quite popular until the 1940s in the UK and continental Europe, and is now largely discarded, but is still used in some countries in Europe, such as Sweden. One of the reasons why the replacement of the word KNAVE by JACK gained public acceptance so quickly was the convenience of using the first letter J of the word JACK when recording or reporting card cases, or when using abbreviations, or when recounting the process of playing a card, whereas in the past, when using the word KNAVE, one would have had to use Kn, and it would have been confusing to use K only.

In 1840, after the Opium War foreign poker also entered China with the foreigners. At that time, the imported poker is mainly from the United States and Japan, Japanese poker because of the cheap price and best-selling. 1931, the country set off a boycott of Japanese goods movement, advocating national goods, the development of industry, Shanghai people gold Sheng founded the Cuihua card factory, test production of China's first batch of poker, the red lion brand poker.

The origin of poker

Poker is a popular worldwide entertainment and gambling paper tool. Because of its different ways of playing, it is commonly known as poker, ten thousand sixes, mom nines and so on, with different titles. Its standard name poker is the phonetic translation of poker.

The origin of poker is not completely certain, but it is generally believed to have originated from the Chinese leaf play that came out of the Southern Song Dynasty in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. It is also more widely recognized as having evolved from tarot cards.

Early playing cards were probably introduced to Europe from Egypt in the late 14th century.

In the 15th century it was common to think of the kings as the largest card and the aces as the smallest. The current way of treating the ace as the largest and the two as the smallest probably began after the French Revolution in the late 18th century.

The "ghost card" (JOKER) was an American invention, and then came back to Europe with poker.

The origin of poker has a long history. People only know that poker spread from foreign Europe, in fact, paper toys, originated in China.

Far back in ancient times, at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, legend has it that the young King Cheng of the Zhou Dynasty in the courtroom with his younger brother, Shouyu, had played a kind of "peeled tung leaves for the Gui" game. At that time, paper had not yet been invented, so the leaves were used as toys. In the Tang and Song dynasties, China's ancestors invented a kind of cardboard, which could be used for both games and gambling, called "leaf play". There is also a legend that General Han Xin, in order to reduce the nostalgia of his soldiers, invented a kind of cardboard for entertainment in the army, which was only the size of a leaf, so it was called "leaf play". From the literati to the common people, they all enjoyed it. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, "leaf play" cards, each deck has 40, divided into four categories. Cards on the pattern, a lot of items, there are characters, birds, animals, flowers, birds, insects, fish and so on. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and after the Republic of China, the length of the cardboard is about 8 centimeters and the width is about 2 centimeters, and people call it cardboard. Before and after the founding of the Republic of China, Chaoshan folk also prevalent card gambling, play by simple arrangement and gradually tend to a variety of different, each card on the print 1 to 10 points of digital, or print on the print on the Xiangqi "Shuai, Shi, Xiang, such as the 32 words, divided into red, green, black, white 4 colors, **** 64, as an arrangement of gambling. 2 to 4 people **** gambling.

About the 13th century AD, this card game, spread to Europe, after a period of time, the cards evolved into cards, and gradually formed the current universal playing cards, became the international card.

The earliest number of playing card sheets, varying from place to place. Italy's 78 cards per deck, Germany's 32 cards per deck, Spain's 40 cards per deck, and France's 52 cards per deck.

Later to become the international poker cards per deck of 52, plus "Joker" (Joker, also known as the size of the king or the big kid) two, **** 54. So far, the playing cards on the suit, points and k, q, j pattern, basically stereotyped.

The playing cards are divided into four suits, namely spades, hearts, square corners, clubs. The four suits have different names. The French call them "spears, hearts, squares and lilac leaves", the Germans call them "leaves, hearts, bells and acorns", and the Italians call them "swords, coins, clubs and wine glasses".

Later, according to the calendar in astronomy, Westerners unified the content of this card game cards, as 54, four suits. In this way, after a long time of evolution, gradually converge.

Playing cards play a variety of ways, the most common are bridge, playing percentage, fishing red point, shoot a hundred, blackjack, and so on, to name a few. Since the number of cards in poker is in line with the astronomical calendar, there is a saying that poker is the epitome of the calendar for the following reasons:

Fifty-four cards in a poker game indicate that there are 52 weeks in a year, two decks of cards with the big king representing the sun, and the small king representing the moon; and the peaches, hearts, squares, and plums representing the four seasons of spring, summer, fall, and winter. Hearts, diamonds on behalf of the day, spades, clubs on behalf of the night; 13 weeks per season and the number of cards in each suit of poker is exactly 13, the number of points of the 13 cards added to 364 plus a point of the small king, is 365, with the same number of days in a general year; if you add a point of the big king, then it is exactly the number of days in a leap year. Playing cards k, q, j, etc. *** have 12, both that there are 12 months of the year, but also that the sun passes through 12 constellations in a year.

Nowadays, poker is not only made of paper, but also many other materials. There are cloisonné wrapped gold poker, gold and silver foil made poker, crystal poker, agate poker, ivory poker, ivory bone poker, ox horn and ox bone poker, bamboo poker, plexiglass poker, fiberglass poker ...... These poker cards are used for collection, rarely used to play. For example, onyx poker, ivory and elephant bone poker, ox horn and ox bone poker although they are made into the shape of mahjong, but play or poker play. There are also many shaped poker, such as round, Christmas tree-shaped, shoe-shaped, triangular, snowman-shaped ......

It is understood that the country's largest poker is the unicorn poker collection of Tianjin Yang Xuchao, 56 centimeters long and 36.5 centimeters wide; the smallest poker is only as big as a pinky fingernail.

The Gateway to Poker

In Chinese, poker is traditionally commonly referred to as Stud, and is sometimes referred to as American poker to distinguish it from other games that use playing cards. Stud (also known as Sand Crab) is the phonetic translation of ShowHand in English. Stud belongs to a variation of poker.

There are countless variations of poker, most of which are played with a deck, part of a deck, or multiple decks of playing cards, but not unnecessarily with playing cards. On the flip side, not all card games or gambling using playing cards can be called poker. Players are given the opportunity to increase their bets and withdraw during the game. And blackjack, baccarat, bridge and other common games that use playing cards are not poker.

Poker collecting

In Europe and the United States, collecting poker has a very long history, and in the 15th century there have been records of collecting poker. Collection of poker either private collection or public **** collection, are quite a lot. There are also quite a few museums, to poker picture as part of the collection of painting art collection. Yale University in the United States collection of more than 3,000 pairs of playing cards, uncut prints, as well as playing card printer's woodblock, these collections were originally the late Melbert and Mary Cary collection, in 1967 when they died bequeathed to Yale University. The United States has "Chicago poker collectors association" and other two poker collectors association, some members of the collection of playing cards, while some members only collect the reverse side of the card. Mr. Horsman of the United States collects more than 3,000 kinds of poker from all over the world, and also published a set of "Encyclopedia of American Poker".

In 1984, the United States established a card museum in Cincinnati, Ohio,. It was a gift from the United States Playing Card Company to the city's Museum of Art; a collection of 10,000 complete decks of cards and 70,000 incomplete decks. It is said to be the largest poker collection in the world. A small collection of the oldest and most valuable playing cards is housed in the Morgan Museum in New York.

The Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris, France has a playing card collection. There are two playing card collections in England, one in the British Museum and one in Kielder Hall. There are also playing card collections in Vienna, Nuremberg, Dresden, Munich and Budapest.

France's first playing card museum was officially opened on December 17, 1999 . Located in Issy-les-Moulineaux, in the Hauts-de-Seine department south of Paris, this national museum has an extremely rich collection. Among the 8,500 items in the collection are 5,000 decks of playing cards, 800 engravings, drawings and advertisements, and more than a thousand items related to playing cards. One of the most valuable items in the collection is a deck of tarot cards - "Ferrari's Cart". This deck of cards, dating from the fifteenth century and adorned with gouache decorations, was purchased at a public auction six or seven years ago for a whopping 750,000 francs. Other treasures include one of the finest 16th-century Parisian manufacturing plates, a 17th-century typesetting table, a lavish lone work created in 1967, and two decks of playing cards produced in 1919 with four ballet costumes. The museum combines 17th-century royal palace architecture with the style of modern buildings. It cost 59 million francs, 42 percent of which was financed by the state and the rest by local governments at all levels.

In China, the history of collecting poker is relatively not long, but it has a history of several decades, and some people started collecting poker during the Republic of China period, and it has been several generations now. Chinese poker collectors are mainly concentrated in Shanghai, Beijing and other major cities. In Shanghai, there are many people who have collected more than a thousand pairs, and a few have reached more than 10,000 pairs, while others have organized poker exhibitions.

People's head card

People's head card generally refers to the K, Q and J cards in poker, but some places also listed Ace as the people's head card. The cards with a human figure printed on them were first called COAT CAROS and later COUR. modern American and British playing card manufacturers have basically the same design pattern for their heads-up cards, which follows the pattern of 18th-century French playing cards.

Early designs were determined by the skill of the artist who carved the woodblock, and later the design was gradually transformed from representing a recognized figure or event to a figure without meaning. There is a legend that Henry VIII was the model for the four K's; the four K's on the oldest surviving English playing cards all have the same curly little whiskers and moustaches separated to the sides as Henry VIII. It is also said that the model for the portrait motif on the four Queens was probably Queen Elizabeth of York, the queen of Henry VII. The design of the portrait motifs on the rest of the head cards clearly follows the portrait motifs of the past playing cards made in Lyon, France, and although the portraits have been different, they can still be seen to be similar in terms of custom, the position of the hands, and the weapons held.

The manufacture of playing cards in France has always been along the lines of each manufacturer, and in 1813 the government issued an officially approved design, for each head card is given a name, and to this day there are still many playing cards with this name:

Spades, Hearts, Diamonds, Clubs

K, David, Charles, Caesar, Alexander

Q, Pallas, Judith, Rachel, Acher, Alexander

Q. Pallas Judith Rachel Akinney

J Hodgil Rahael Hector Lancelot to be

Of these, David, the K of spades, was the father of Solomons, the 10th-century BC king of Israel, who was good at playing the harp and wrote many of the hymns in the Bible. Pallas, the Q of spades, was the Greek goddess of wisdom and war, and the only queen of the four queens holding a weapon. The J of Spades, Hodgil, was the squire of Charles I (the King of Hearts). The K of Hearts, Charles I, is the only King of the four Kings who does not wear a beard. The Queen of Hearts is Queen Judith. The J of Hearts, La Hire, was Charles VII's squire. The K of diamonds Julius Caesar was the king of the Roman Empire and is the only side portrait in the four king cards. The J of diamonds, Hector, was Charles I's valet. K Alexander of Clubs was the first Macedonian king to conquer the world, and always wore a ball and socket with a cross on it. Plum Q The word Argine is derived from the word Regina, the Queen, who holds a rosebud, signifying the reconciliation of the English royal houses of Lancaster, symbolized by the red rosebud, and York, symbolized by the white rosebud, after the Wars of the Roses, which knit their rosebuds together. Plum Blossom J Lancelot stayed to be a knight in the King Arthur stories.

In Hungarian playing cards, there are eight figures on head cards representing the eight characters in the Swiss-set play Wilhelm Tell by Schiller. But such playing cards have never been used within Switzerland.

The common German playing cards do not have a queen, but two jacks, and some German playing cards have four head cards per suit, A, K, J, J. In Trebora playing cards (West Spangled Teeth and Italian), a knight on a horse is used instead of the queen image on the queen.