What are the characteristics of the "Qiu Shan Jade" of the Liao and Jin Dynasties?

The Liao and Jin jades, in terms of the cultural characteristics they reflect, contain four aspects, namely, the characteristic ethnic cultures of the Khitan and Jurchen tribes, the Han culture of the Central Plains, the Buddhist culture and the West Asian culture. The cultural characteristics reflected in the jade can be roughly divided into four categories: one category of jade with national characteristics, such as the Haidongqing pecked swan pendant, the mountain forest tiger and deer pendant, the jade free, arm ornaments, Garaha, round carved animals such as bears, swans, geese, toads, monkeys, etc., and very few as the jade carving of animals such as scorpions, toads, snakes, lizards and scorpions, etc.; the second category for the Central Plains of Han culture of the jade, such as the jade belt plate, the jade cups, the jade box, the jade ink stone, Jade water bowl, jade bowl, and plants and flowers and birds and animals in the Lingxiao flowers, lotus, dragons and phoenixes, ribbon birds, mandarin ducks, butterflies, rabbits, turtles, Mandarin fish and other decorative shapes; three categories for the Buddhist culture of the jade, jade pagoda, Flying Sky, Mojuo, Dharma Wheel, Dharma conch, vajra mortar and pestle, Jala bird, Buddha statues and so on; four categories of West Asian cultural characteristics of jade, such as the four curved Begonia style cups, the peacock sixteen curved engraved decorative water-wave pattern of the jade bowls.

Separate law depends on the above carved animal patterns, there are deer must be autumn mountain jade: "spring water jade" refers to the migratory bird (Haidongqing) to catch the goose (swan) pattern of the jade." Autumn Mountain Jade" refers to jade objects with tiger and deer motifs in the mountains and forests. The former coincides with the hunting activities of the Liao Emperor in "Chunshui Jade" and "Yuzi River Lok" recorded in the Liao History, while the latter coincides with the activities of the Liao History recorded in "Autumn Jade". Jin Shi" records, will have migratory birds grab swan pattern of clothing called "spring water of the ornaments", will have tiger deer mountain forest pattern of clothing called "autumn mountain of the ornaments", so this kind of jade will be named "spring water jade" and "autumn mountain jade". The works of this type are full of simple mountain and forest interest and a rich northern mood, and are extremely characteristic of the nomadic grasslands. Although the contents are generally the same, the specific form of each piece is by no means repetitive, and it achieves the artistic realm of the form being scattered but the spirit not being dispersed, which fully reflects the rich life experience and excellent observation of the jade craftsmen. Its representative is the green jade openwork migratory bird grabbing the swan and green jade tiger deer eagle magpie double-sided carving, which is now hidden in the Palace Museum in Beijing.