A brief history and trend of sports medicine development

Is speechless an elective course of sports medicine in Wuhan Institute of Technology?

The second chapter is a brief history and development trend of sports health care.

First, a brief history of sports health care development

Sports health care is a comprehensive applied science to study the laws and measures of human health care during exercise. The occurrence and development of sports health care in China should start from sports medicine.

Sports medicine is an interdisciplinary subject formed by the mutual infiltration of medicine and sports science. It studies the influence of exercise on the body and discusses all medical problems related to exercise. It uses medical knowledge and means to guide sports, exercise and prevent diseases. It belongs to a comprehensive applied science and is closely related to basic medicine, preventive medicine and rehabilitation medicine. It is gradually formed with the development of sports and scientific division of labor. The background of sports medicine can be traced back to 3,000 years ago, when China and other ancient civilizations had early medical gymnastics and massage techniques. The classic work of traditional Chinese medicine Huangdi Neijing (written around 400 BC) has mentioned the introduction (breathing gymnastics) and massage to treat diseases, and also used them to prevent diseases and keep fit, thus prolonging life. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Hua Tuo, the originator of surgery of traditional Chinese medicine, edited "Five Birds Play" to exercise, pointing out that "when you are unwell, practice five birds play and stop sweating, you feel relaxed and think about diet". Later, Yijinjing, Baduanjin (gymnastics), Tai Ji Chuan and Wushu were widely spread among the people and became mass sports activities and competitive sports, which played a good health care role in strengthening physical fitness and preventing diseases. In the early 1920s, specialized sports medical organizations appeared in Switzerland (1922) and Germany (1924) in Europe. The International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) was formally established on 1928. Medical movement was first used for medical treatment and prevention in Soviet medicine. 1925, the Soviet Union also published the first medical sports reference book, Sports in Soviet Sanatorium. With the development of people's health care in the Soviet Union, medical exercise methods were first widely developed in industrial and mining hospitals and sanatoriums, and were closely related to the development of sports science in the Soviet Union. Since the publication of the first medical exercise guide book (1929), the word "medical exercise" has been widely used in Soviet medical literature. After the Great Patriotic War and the Second World War, the medical rehabilitation of thousands of sick, injured and disabled people in the Soviet Union became an urgent task for medical workers. The superior social system has promoted the all-round development of industry, agriculture and science, and medical care, culture, education and sports have also attracted much attention, creating good conditions for the combination of medical care and sports in the Soviet Union. Basic research such as sports physiology and anatomy and applied research such as sports injury prevention and treatment promote each other, resulting in more detailed specialties, forming sports health care, constructing the basic framework of "sports medicine" and gradually incorporating it into the courses of physical education colleges and medical colleges. From 65438 to 0955, Soviet medical sports experts came to Beijing to give lectures and used terms such as "sports doctor supervision and medical sports" and "sports medical supervision and medical sports". From 65438 to 0958, China sent a delegation to Moscow to attend the 12th Congress of the International Federation of Sports Medicine, which was renamed "Sports Medicine" after returning home. Almost at the same time, the Soviet Union published the monograph Sports Medicine, which was translated into Chinese on 1959 and published by People's Sports Publishing House. These marks the birth of a new frontier discipline _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sports medicine. China Sports Medicine Association was founded in 1978, and China was approved as a member of FIMS in the same year. In recent years, with the development of modern science such as medicine and sports science, according to the improvement of competitive sports level, the extensive development of mass sports activities and the needs of the sick and disabled for sports medical rehabilitation, the connotation of sports medicine has been enriched, enriched and developed, and it has become a main course of physical education.

Sports health care was established in the early 1980s. In the early 1960s, the course of "Sports Health Care" was set up in physical education colleges. After the resumption of classes in physical education institutes during the Cultural Revolution in the 1970s, "sports health care" was replaced by the trinity curriculum of "sports physiology and health care". After the "Cultural Revolution", the course of "Sports Medicine" was set up in sports colleges. In the early 1980s, when the Ministry of Education comprehensively revised the teaching plan of physical education major (undergraduate) in colleges and universities nationwide, the course of "sports health care" was set up according to the requirement that the curriculum should closely focus on the training objectives. At the same time, the State Council Academic Degrees Committee has also added two new disciplines: Sports Health Care. The task of sports health care is to provide scientific basis for physical education teaching, training and competition by studying the physical development, health status and training level of sports participants; To study whether the organization and methods of physical education teaching, sports, training and competition conform to the physical characteristics of sports participants and provide medical guidance; To study various external factors affecting the health of sports participants and formulate corresponding health measures; To study the occurrence law and prevention methods of sports injuries; To study the methods of fitness, disease prevention, bodybuilding and medical rehabilitation for the injured through physical exercise, so as to promote the physical development and health of sports participants more effectively, give full play to their sports potential, improve their technical level as soon as possible, speed up the rehabilitation of the injured, enhance the physical quality of the whole nation, improve their quality of life and improve their comprehensive national strength. The content of sports health care is very rich, which is closely related to many aspects of medicine. They also promote each other, including sports hygiene, sports nutrition, sports medical supervision, sports disease prevention, sports trauma, sports rehabilitation (medical sports and massage therapy) and so on. The development of sports health care needs to draw nutrition from the new achievements of basic medicine, preventive medicine, medicine and rehabilitation medicine, and at the same time constantly put forward new topics and new requirements for them to promote the all-round progress and improvement of medicine.

Second, the development trend of sports health care

At present, the research field of sports health care is mainly manifested in two aspects: First, the rapid development of mass sports activities urgently needs the popularization of sports medical knowledge. With the social stability, economic prosperity, the development of culture and education, and the improvement of living standards, participating in various sports has become an indispensable part of people's lives. Therefore, sports health care will become the inevitable demand of people. With the help and guidance of sports health knowledge, it is beneficial to study and exercise, and improve physical fitness and health level. However, in the future information society, with developed transportation, highly automated production and modern office, the opportunities for physical activities will be decreasing day by day, and sports deficiency diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes (also known as "civilized diseases") will increase day by day; Children will also be overnourished and neglect physical exercise, resulting in a decline in physical fitness and many obese children; The trend of population aging is obvious, and many provinces and cities have successively entered an aging society. 2 1 century, the problem of aging will be more prominent. Maintaining the health of the elderly, enabling them to have certain activity ability, improving the quality of life and reducing the burden on families and society will surely become the focus of the whole society. Similarly, due to the acceleration of social industrialization, accidents in transportation, industrial and agricultural production and family life have increased, the disease structure has changed, and the number of disabled people in society has also increased accordingly. There is an urgent need for social and sports health professionals to solve the problems of health care, treatment, vocational training and social welfare for the disabled, which puts forward higher requirements for sports rehabilitation. On the other hand, with the rapid development of competitive sports in the world, the Olympic spirit encourages people to climb in the direction of "faster, higher and stronger", constantly impacting the physiological limit and posing a severe challenge to the depth and breadth of sports health care. At present, although the level of competitive sports has reached a high level, it is still required to further improve sports performance on the existing basis. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen scientific training, improve training methods, reasonably increase sports intensity and create updated records. In fact, for half a century, sports achievements have been continuously improved and world records have been constantly refreshed. The men's records in some events were broken by female athletes today. In the past, only men participated in weightlifting, football, wrestling and other events, but now there are battlefields for female players to compete. This is mainly because social development and scientific training make the human body play a greater potential. Future sports scientists and sports doctors will still face the problem of exploring the limits of human sports. The development of new technology and new disciplines has shown its power in improving sports performance, such as the application of computer and biomechanical analysis, which has repeatedly broken world records. In addition, with the application of bioengineering materials and energy in human body, stadiums and sports training, the physiological limit of human movement may be completely broken, and the research results of human science convincingly show us a bright future. Medical and technical problems such as prevention and treatment of sports injuries and diseases, research on nutritional supplements, application of biomechanical methods and anti-doping need to be developed urgently to meet the needs of the new situation of competitive sports development. Articular cartilage injury is a kind of sports injury that has great influence on athletes' training and competition and is difficult to cure. In addition to scientific training and active prevention and treatment of damaged cartilage, we should mainly study the replacement of articular cartilage with biological or non-biological substances such as allogenic cartilage transplantation in the future. The research on muscle, epiphysis and ligament injury will focus on the changes of pathological ultrastructure and biochemical components (enzymes and subcellular structure) after injury. ), simulating sports injury, biomechanics of ligament, unstable mechanical properties after injury by experimental pathological means, and reconstructing artificial ligament by computer technology. With the development of competitive sports, developing nutritional supplements has become a powerful means to improve sports performance. With the application of puncture technology and non-invasive detection, the research on the relationship between trace elements, microcirculation and sports ability is being actively carried out. Mass sports activities are the foundation of competitive sports, and competitive sports are the goal and motivation of group activities. They promote each other and develop together. New research contents will emerge and develop continuously. Such as exercise and endocrine, exercise and immunity, exercise and microcirculation, molecular biology of exercise, etc., will eventually reveal the mystery of life and the important role played by exercise. Sports health care will become a scientific knowledge shared by all mankind.

Multidisciplinary comprehensive research will be more extensive. The general trend of modern science and technology development and the characteristics of comprehensive applied science of sports health care science determine that it must rely more and more on the cooperative research and mutual combination of multiple disciplines in the research process, forming more and more updated interdisciplinary subjects. In the theoretical research of modern sports health care, we need not only the knowledge of clinical medicine, preventive medicine and rehabilitation medicine, but also the extensive application of sports science, psychology, biology, physics, chemistry and social science. Modern high-tech science, technology and methods are constantly introduced into sports health care, which further promotes the development of sports health care. Data statistics and modern computing technology characterized by electronic computers are also playing an increasingly important role in the field of sports health care. With the world's new technological revolution and the rapid development and mutual penetration of medicine, biology, physical education and other disciplines, new detection technologies and means are constantly emerging, and all branches of sports medicine are bound to make breakthroughs and innovations.

Sports health care is a compulsory basic theoretical course for students majoring in physical education. More and more medical colleges offer this course, and many hospitals also offer physiotherapy clinics. Sports scientific research institutions have established sports health research institutes and sports medicine research institutes. This has played an extremely important role in the in-depth development of sports health care. The relationship between energy metabolism, nutritional factors and exercise ability in exercise, the physiological mechanism of exercise fatigue, the relationship between sports diseases such as fatigue and metabolism, endocrine and immunity, the prevention and rehabilitation of stress injury caused by exercise training, the physiological characteristics of aerobic and anaerobic training, the training of women, children and the elderly, and the exercise prescriptions for various diseases will be further studied. With the full implementation of the National Sports Law and the promotion of "national fitness activities", the development prospect of sports health care in China will be broader.

Main references

Yao, 1 editor-in-chief. Sports health care. Textbooks compiled by undergraduates majoring in physical education in China. Beijing:

Higher education press, 200 1

2 Qu Mianyu. Practical sports medicine. Beijing: Science and Technology Press, 1996.

Editor Zhao Bin. Scientific selection of athletes. Hebei: Science and Technology Press, 1990.