Zuiweng Pavilion is a traditional mountain dwelling building in China. What are the characteristics of buildings leaning against mountains?

Its rank order is: double-eaved roof > double-eaved pyramid roof > single-eaved Ding Dian > single-eaved pyramid roof > hanging from the top of the mountain > hard peak > Wan Ding. Besides the above roofs, there are also fan-shaped roofs, swastika roofs, helmet roofs, hook-shaped roofs, cross-shaped roofs, dome roofs, circular roofs, flat roofs, single-slope roofs and grey-backed roofs. The representative types are as follows: the temple roof is a slope with four faces, a positive ridge and four inclined ridges. All four faces are curved surfaces, also called four roofs. Double-eaved roof is the most advanced roof form in ancient architecture.

Generally used in the main halls of palaces and temples, single eaves are also acceptable, especially in major occasions, such as the Hall of Supreme Harmony in Beijing. Hard-topped hard mountain roofs have one positive ridge and four vertical ridges. The biggest feature of this roof shape is that it is relatively simple and simple, with only the front and rear slopes, and the roof is flush with the gable at the head of the gable, with no protruding parts.

The mountain surface is bare and unchanged. Hard mountain is not recorded in the book "Architectural Style" compiled by the Song Dynasty, nor is it found in the existing architectural relics of the Song Dynasty. It is speculated that there is no hard mountain on the roof of the building in Song Dynasty. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties and beyond, hard gable roofs were widely used in residential buildings in northern and southern China. Hard gable roof is a low-grade roof form. Royal buildings and some large temple buildings have almost no hard gable roofs.

At the same time, because of its low grade, the roof is all blue tiles, and it is slab tiles and tile pipes, let alone glazed tiles. Xie Dingfeng ranks second only to Jiedianding. It consists of one straight ridge, four vertical ridges and four ridges, so it is called Nine Ridges Hall. It is characterized in that the upper half parts on both sides of the roof suddenly stand up, forming a hanging gable. Xieding Mountain is often used in secondary buildings and residential gardens in palaces, and also has the form of single eaves and double eaves.

For example, the Baohe Hall in the Forbidden City in Beijing is a double-eaved mountain. Hanging on the top of the mountain is a kind of two slopes. It is the most commonly used form of general buildings (such as residential buildings) in China, second only to Hexie. Its characteristic is that the eaves are hung over the gables, and the roof has a positive ridge and four inclined ridges, which is also called "mountain climbing" or "mountain climbing". Pyramid-shaped roofs have no straight ridges, only vertical ridges, which are only applicable to buildings, pavilions and towers. Small in area. Most of the planes are regular polygons and circles, with a treasure top at the top.

According to the number of ridges, it is divided into triangular pyramid roof, quadrangular pyramid roof, hexagonal pyramid roof and octagonal pyramid roof. In addition, there is a circular pyramid roof, that is, there is no vertical roof. At most, it can be used as scenic spots or landscape buildings, such as Guo Ruting in the Summer Palace and Heilongtan Park in Lijiang. Pyramid-shaped roofs are rarely used in important buildings such as palaces or high-grade buildings, while the Zhonghe Hall, Jiaotai Hall and Jubilee Hall in the Temple of Heaven in the Forbidden City use pyramid-shaped roofs. Pyramid roofs have single eaves and double eaves.

The roof is a special kind of roof. The top of the roof is flat, the bottom is four-sided or multilateral, and the top is horizontal. The number of transverse ridges is the same as the number of slopes, and the transverse ridges are connected end to end, which is also called round ridges. Ceiling is extremely rare in ancient large palace buildings. The roof of the rolling shed is also called Yuanbao Ridge, and there is no obvious positive ridge at the intersection of the double slopes of the roof, but it is made into a cambered surface. It is mostly used in garden buildings, such as the humorous garden in the Summer Palace, where the roofs are all rolled roofs. In the palace building, eunuchs, servants and other side rooms live in this way.