Basic methods of chorus training

Chorus members need to master the scientific vocal methods of chorus through systematic chorus training, so as to strengthen the vocal ability of the whole chorus and improve the comprehensive quality of chorus. The following is the basic chorus training method I brought to you. Welcome to reading.

First, strengthen pitch and rhythm training and lay a good foundation for chorus.

Chorus is a collective sound art, and unity and harmony are the requirements of chorus. Pitch and rhythm are the basis and vitality of chorus art, and strict and systematic training is necessary to ensure the absolute accuracy of pitch and rhythm. Therefore, in chorus teaching, we should first cultivate students' ability to read music independently, which requires strengthening pitch training and rhythm training of single melody, thus laying a solid foundation for chorus teaching.

In the teaching of intonation, we should first carry out the training of fixed pitch, so that students can remember the standard sound "a 1" first, and then the pitch of c2 in the third minor above it, so that students can keep silent about humming (m) and the pitch level. On the basis of remembering a 1 and c2, we can deduce the pitches of other sounds, such as gl, bl and fl. On the basis of singing accurate tones, students are further required to sing accurate scales and pay attention to ear training. A good sense of pitch is obtained through constant "monitoring" and adjustment of good hearing, and it is impossible to practice melody in isolation without hearing training. Therefore, teachers should train students' hearing while singing scales. Teachers can play monosyllabic or simple music clips, so that students can distinguish between roll calls. On the basis of listening and singing, you can practice listening and reciting, and improve your ability to distinguish pitch by listening to solfeggio spectrum and solfeggio. So from single tone to double tone and even chord; From stride to small jump or even big jump; From two-bar phrases to four-bar phrases and even short songs, from easy to difficult, step by step, over time, students have a concept of intonation, have a fixed feeling of the pitch distance between intervals, strengthen their inner sense of pitch and improve their solfeggio ability.

In the rhythm training of chorus, the phenomenon of inaccurate rhythm is most likely to occur at the beginning and end of chorus. Therefore, it is necessary for students to strengthen the cultivation of rhythm when learning to sing songs. Rhythm is the pulse of music, and any music has a distinct rhythm. We live in a world of sound, full of different sounds and rhythms, so that students can find some distinctive rhythms from their lives, and then guide them to learn from perceptual to rational, from concrete to abstract, so as to continuously cultivate and improve their sense of rhythm. For example, let students imitate the sound of clocks: "Tick, tick" means ××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

Second, train students to master the correct methods of singing, breathing and vocalization.

The breathing state is closely related to the posture when singing. In order to develop good singing breathing habits, teachers should correct students' incorrect singing postures at any time during training, such as hunchback, bulging belly, chin stretching forward, eyes staring at random, etc. Students should stand as straight as possible, relax their chests, hold out their chests without hunchback, droop their shoulders and hands naturally, and keep their eyes straight. Let the students form a correct singing posture and a good singing state from the moment they join the chorus.

Breathing is the foundation and motivation of singing. Vocal music experts at all times and all over the world have put forward that breathing is the most important foundation of singing. The ancients said that "a good singer must first adjust his breath", which shows the important role of breath in singing. In modern times, some experts argued that "people who can't breathe can't sing", which shows the importance of singing and breathing. The motivation of singing is breath, and correct breathing is not only the basis of singing skills, but also an important artistic means. Correct breathing methods are indispensable for chorus to obtain beautiful sound quality, good intonation and clear articulation.

Breathing training mainly solves two problems: inspiration and control. In teaching, we don't need to explain to them what is the chest and abdomen posture like adults, but we should use vivid and natural metaphors to experience some breathing States in natural breathing, such as lying down, speaking softly, sobbing, and taking a deep breath like "smelling flowers". I am very tired and panting when running. Blow out the candle when exhaling, and don't let the flame swing from side to side. Keep this feeling when inhaling. These exercises can be carried out in group training. The general procedure is to breathe naturally ... then exhale, inhale slowly ... spit slowly, inhale suddenly ... spit slowly, but the key is to guide and borrow imagination vigorously in training, not to explain too much theoretically, and everything is subject to nature.

Voice training is to sing better. How to make students' vocal organs change from physiological daily speaking state to singing state requires vocal music training besides breath training. Vocalization is the foundation of singing and an indispensable basic skill for singing well. Only by mastering the correct vocal methods can we sing every sound accurately and stably. Chorus is based on the scientific method of high position, and we must adhere to the conventional soft voice and head voice training. Training mainly starts from four aspects, 1. First of all, we should change the habit of singing with the neck, and begin to guide students to put the singing "mouth" on the lower abdomen and sing gently, so that they can focus on the lower abdomen and relax their throats. 2. Practice the vowel "u" first, because singing "u" is easy to make the larynx sink, and then let the students find the feeling of taking a sip of water, open their throats and sing softly with the feeling of sucking: 5432 1234│5432 1‖ It is required to sing coherently and smoothly, with the larynx fixed and the position unified. If you feel right, you will gradually enter vowels O, A, E and I, and it is easy to be biased when singing "E" and "I". Let the students find the feeling and mouth shape of singing "O". Sing "E" and "I" with the mouth shape of "O" and the voice will stand up. Practice these five vowels so that you can have a correct rhyme when you sing, that is, 3. Chorus must be pronounced in a high position to get the first sound. It is to let the breath push the sound waves upward into the open head cavity (the feeling of sneezing at flowers means that the head cavity is open), and at the same time, make the nasopharyngeal cavity thin, so that the whole pharyngeal cavity is like an inverted funnel, and let the breath push the sound waves into the tubule from a wide place. The thinner and more concentrated the tube, the easier it is to enter the head cavity to get the head sound. Junior students should not talk more about theory, as long as they pay attention to the fact that their lower abdomen can not be loose and their eyebrows can be raised when singing, they can achieve better results. 4. Seek individuality, seek individuality. Let the students know that they can only hear the whole voice when singing in groups, but they can't hear their own voice. Always pay attention to yourself: whether the voice "pops up", as long as a person sings in a group with different voice positions or methods, it will "pop up", so that students can understand that chorus is the result of collective efforts and there is no room for personal freedom. Such persistent vocal music practice, over time, the singing voice will be relaxed and comfortable, and the voice will become round and beautiful.

Third, strengthen the training of correct pronunciation and articulation.

Correct pronunciation is an important basic skill in singing skills and one of the means to express the ideological content of a work. Skilled pronunciation skills not only convey the pronunciation to the audience accurately and clearly, but also achieve the goal of "clear pronunciation and pure pronunciation" through the organic combination of correct pronunciation and pronunciation, thus vividly expressing the thoughts and feelings of the song and making the song full of appeal. However, it is a common problem among students that they can't bite the prefix, spit out their stomachs and rhyme badly. In training, the author requires students to understand pronunciation and articulation, and the opening and closing of mouth shape should be closely combined with the pronunciation of initials and finals of words. When singing, if the vowels are elongated, you must keep your mouth shape unchanged, otherwise you can't sing clearly. In order to make the students' mouth shape basically correct, let each student take a small mirror and observe his mouth shape while practicing. If mistakes are found, they can be corrected in time. In addition, students can be instructed to read the lyrics aloud in Mandarin, and sing music or vocal music with few words and slow vowel changes in a high-pitched semitone or light tone, from small to large and from shallow to deep. Through the harmonious use of words, feelings and tones, students can spontaneously express their feelings of relaxation, openness, beauty, reverie and pride in songs. In pronunciation training, teachers should pay attention to separate training for some easily confused pronunciations and regional dialects, correct bad pronunciations in time, and train the mouth shapes of different initials, so that students can make sounds naturally and roundly, and gradually develop habits, so as to ensure that the voices are coordinated and unified in chorus, and the songs are vivid, clear and touching, so as to obtain the best singing effect.

Fourth, strengthen harmony training.

Chorus is generally a multi-part song. In order to make the chorus sound coordinated and unified, all parts balanced and harmonious, and better express the artistic conception of songs, we must attach importance to harmony training. On the basis of correctly mastering singing skills and skills such as singing breathing and vocalization, and cultivating singing ability, students are trained in harmony and exposed to some chorus songs. At the beginning, it was difficult for students to sing the two parts harmoniously and beautifully. Teachers can do some listening and intonation exercises, for example, pop up "1" first, then "3" to hear clearly and sing accurately, and pop up together. Ask the students how many tones they have. Can you tell the pitch? Let the students find their own voice and sing it. First, you are required to sing the pitch of your own voice correctly, and then you are required to "sing one and listen to two" slowly, that is to say, you must sing the pitch of your own voice correctly and dare to listen to the pitch of another voice, so as to cultivate the ability of intonation and self-control. It is important to keep singing softly and forcefully, so that the chorus can be clearly distinguished. By moving their mouths, ears and brains, students' sense of harmony is constantly strengthened. This kind of exercise can be arranged for about five minutes in each class as far as possible, from shallow to deep. After a single set of intervals is sung correctly, you can sing the interval melody. Harmony etudes are not long and difficult, but persistent exercises. Deepening the sense of harmony is the purpose. Then gradually extended to three-part and four-part harmony practice. You can use the method of "finding friends" to let students practice their own harmony intervals according to the third-degree interval relationship. For example, the girlfriend of "1" is "3", and the girlfriend of "3" is "5", etc ... They are very interested. Teachers can also cooperate with different voices for auxiliary training, that is, teachers play or sing the first voice and cooperate with students who act as the second voice. Later, the students with the first sound will sing softly with themselves, and then gradually let go of their voices. When the teacher thinks that the students with the first voice are more sure, their songs will randomly change from loud to deep, from completely singing to "helping" them only where necessary or even on certain voices, when this is a problem. When necessary, the teacher can assist the second voice in turn to make it work smoothly with the first voice.

In singing training, the balance and clarity of voice parts are also very important, which determines the coordination, harmony and unity of chorus. In order to prevent students from being disturbed or constrained by other voices in chorus, it is not a good idea to let them sing with their ears covered or study alone. The fundamental value and significance of chorus lies in "harmony". In singing, students are required not only to be able to monitor their own voices, but also to hear other voices, other people's voices and harmony effects, so as to constantly adjust their pitch, timbre and volume, so as to keep their voices consistent with the collective voices and absolutely prevent them.

In chorus teaching, the training of basic skills is an indispensable link. Only by training the basic skills of this link solidly can teaching achieve good artistic results.

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