Yiwu historical and cultural heritage know how much

Hello, Yiwu historical and cultural heritage, historical and cultural villages and towns, and traditional vernacular architecture and other historical and cultural relics are the physical achievements of human civilization, and are non-renewable precious resources. In our city, how many relevant historical and cultural relics are left to us by our ancestors?

According to statistics, Yiwu City has 51 existing cultural relics protection units. Among them, there are 2 national cultural relics protection units, 5 provincial cultural relics protection units, and 44 Yiwu city-level cultural relics protection units. Provincial historical and cultural neighborhoods, villages and towns 2. Most of these historical and cultural relics are well-known to young and old. In addition, there are 291 Yiwu municipal-level cultural relics protection points, such as scattered flowers scattered throughout the city, specifically in the distribution of towns and streets are as follows:

Red Bank Town: 33 ancient buildings, 2 ancient tombs, stone carvings, 1, the ancient kiln site 2.

Yiting Town: 20 ancient buildings.

Fotang Town: 50 ancient buildings, 1 stone carving, 1 ancient sites.

Su Xi Town: 13 ancient buildings, 2 ancient tombs, 2 revolutionary memorial tombs.

Shangxi Town: 20 ancient buildings, 1 celebrity tomb, 1 stone carving.

Dachen Town: 16 ancient buildings, 2 revolutionary memorial tomb.

Beiyuan Street: 19 ancient buildings.

Jiangdong Street: 10 ancient buildings, 6 ancient tombs, 1 stone carving.

Houzhai Street: 19 ancient buildings, 1 ancient sites, 1 revolutionary memorial tomb.

Twenty-three miles of streets: 24 ancient buildings, an ancient kiln site, a stone carving.

Choucheng Street: 13 ancient buildings, ancient tombs 1.

Chengxi Street: 15 ancient buildings, 1 monument.

Bird cherry street: 11 ancient buildings.

We can not avoid a grim reality in front of us: because of the historical wind and rain and a variety of human factors, our ancestors left us some of the ancient buildings are turning their backs on us as we drift away.

Not bad, every place in the process of modernization, will face the problem of development and protection. And depending on the important value of historical sites as wealth, or economic development and the burden of town construction, reflecting the value orientation of whether to respect the historical and cultural heritage. If the value orientation is deviated, the faster the economic development, the more serious the damage to the historical and cultural heritage may become.

In the current full swing of the new socialist countryside construction, the rescue and protection of cultural heritage in rural areas, such as ancient buildings and homes more prominent. Some people's ideological understanding of the existence of a misunderstanding of the protection of cultural heritage and the construction of new rural areas, economic development of the benign interactive relationship is not in place, that the preservation of ancient buildings will directly affect the construction of new rural areas and economic development. Therefore, the protection of ancient buildings and dwellings has not attracted enough attention. Many of the ancient buildings in the residence of firewood, debris randomly stacked, wires randomly pulled, and most of the elderly living, some rented to foreign workers, randomly set up stoves with fire, very easy to fire, a lot of potential safety hazards. As for the daily management and maintenance, there is no way to talk about. In particular, the village improvement, the implementation of the old village renovation plan, the protection of ancient buildings and dwellings constitute the greatest threat. With the accelerated construction of the city's new countryside, many rural villages began to implement the old village demolition and remodeling and remediation planning, so many ancient buildings are facing the fate of demolition, destruction.

In the face of the grim reality, some insightful people shouted: our new socialist rural construction, the need for steel and concrete, but also the need for deep historical and cultural heritage. The new rural construction in the protection of historical and cultural heritage, has been urgent.

It is gratifying that the Secretary of the Municipal Party Committee, Comrade Lou Guohua has repeatedly emphasized this, Deputy Secretary of the Municipal Party Committee, the Mayor of Comrade Wu Weirong has repeatedly instructed the municipal government recently issued a "number of opinions on strengthening the protection of historical and cultural heritage". Municipal government and relevant departments will be the protection of historical and cultural heritage on the important agenda, and into the economic and social development plans and urban and rural planning. The city's historical and cultural heritage protection of the spring has quietly come.

Here, there is also a need for the whole society to further form **** knowledge. Ancient architecture is the crystallization of history and culture, is the bridge between the past and the future. Each ancient building carries the crystallization of the struggle of the ancestors, witnessing the vicissitudes of the earthly world, recording the rise and fall of history. Due to the history and culture and folklore legend of the infiltration, the existing ancient architecture more and more exudes a magical charm. In the construction of a harmonious socialist society today, in the construction of a new socialist countryside today, fully explore the historical and cultural connotations of the ancient architecture, to promote the new, to carry forward, so as to enrich our historical and cultural heritage, to enhance our modern cultural taste, and to strengthen the construction of socialist spiritual civilization, the significance of this is really significant and far-reaching.

Rare Fotang ancient street

Fotang ancient town, known as "Zhejiang Zhouzhuang" by experts, with its mysterious layout of the streets and lanes, a piece of the set of architecture, painting, carving three major features in one of the ancient architecture of the residential group and won the great interest of Chinese and foreign archaeological and architectural experts.

Fotang ancient town streets and alleys is not large, the layout of the planning is very smart science. Straight and horizontal streets, wide and narrow combination, a clear division of labor. According to experts in architectural planning and design, connoisseurs testify that the layout of the streets of Fotang Ancient Town and Beijing's street layout arrangements are very similar. The remains of a dozen wharves at the riverside are well preserved. The new and old market bases, which are called farmers' markets in modern times, are the firewood market and rice market formed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the arrangement is very decent and scientific. Ancient town on the main street, side streets, cross streets and market base side of the store house, are two-story building wood structure houses, is not seen today's Ming and Qing dynasties of ancient architecture.

On both sides of the street, wood carving galleries, lined up. The alleys and lanes are narrow and curved connecting the straight street, East Street and West Street, so the layout is convenient for people and goods diversion, transportation, evacuation and easy to come and go. Four cross-streets of the west end is four or five hundred meters long stone masonry embankment, a line of riverside wharves, the most prosperous when there are 16. The wharf strung across the West Street, arriving at the straight street, the landing of goods transported to the West Street, straight street stores. Here is also a concentration of teahouses, restaurants. These teahouses and restaurants are all two-story wooden structure of the store house, the second floor leaning against the street in a row of small balconies, fifty centimeters wide, neat and antique. Are equipped with about fifty centimeters high wood carving boards, or with a round car wood assembled into the "beauty leaning". Constitutes an extraordinarily elegant and chic Fotang Ancient Street is unique to the street landscape. Walking here, see the scenery, as if listening to the year from the beautiful people leaning inside the melodious sound of the zither, melodious mesmerizing.

Fotang Town, the layout of the ancient streets, structure, simple and elegant, and retain such a complete for the country rare. As early as November 1989, the national traditional residential building research will be held in Yiwu, then Vice Minister of Construction Dai Nianci, China Academy of Building Research President Wang Gong and other experts, visited the town of Fotang houses and alleys, after shooting amazement, and pleased to order pen: "to protect Fotang a street". Now, Yiwu Municipal Government and Fotang Township Government have done a lot of work for the protection of Fotang Ancient Township buildings and organized research and development, the near future, Fotang Ancient Township will be "Zhejiang Zhouzhuang" show in front of people.

Ancestral halls have become the cultural center of rural areas

During the Spring Festival, the most lively thing is the dragon lantern dance. In villages where there are ancestral halls, most of the dragon heads are enshrined in the ancestral halls. At this time the ancestral hall, obviously in the minds of the villagers became the most sacred place.

In recent years, once had to decline of the ancient ancestral hall and renewed youth. The city is quite most of the ancestral hall have been repaired and protected. Xiangbei Village, Shangxi Township, invested more than 400,000 yuan, will be idle for many years in the village of 12 ancestral halls for redecoration, built a chess room, reading room, ping-pong room, gymnasium and other cultural fitness centers and senior citizen associations. In the world-famous Chongshan Village, the village spent a huge amount of money to repair the ancestral hall, the ancestral hall into the invasion of the Japanese army bacteriological warfare in Yiwu Exhibition Hall, not only became the center of local patriotic education, but also received from the United States, Japan, Canada and other countries of the many international friends, and became the revelation of the crimes of the fascist war of an international window.

In Yiwu City, there are many ancestral halls and halls that are the political center of a village, which contain ancient and simple traditional cultural connotations, and are important places for villagers to gather and communicate on a daily basis. Fully explore the ancestral halls, halls deep rural civilization, the use of ancestral halls, halls to carry out rural positive political, cultural, educational and other activities, to build a harmonious society has an irreplaceable and important role.

Yiwu City, after the repair of many ancestral halls, halls, has now become a village organization office space, senior activity room, party activity room or table tennis room, chess room, library and other political, sports, cultural activities. Some are used as science and technology classrooms, setting up scientific research and training rooms, distance education rooms, broadcasting rooms, popular science reading rooms, etc., releasing timely information on getting rich to farmers, teaching planting and raising planting techniques, so that farmers can obtain technical knowledge and market information at their doorsteps. Some rural areas also use the ancient houses, ancient villages and towns, organizing rural leisure tourism, further enriching the spiritual and cultural life of urban and rural residents.

The back of the gradually fading away

The long history of the disappearance of an ancient building in a snap of the fingers.

Ancient architecture is certainly a non-renewable historical treasure, after all, it is difficult to escape the birth and death of the cycle of history. Even if the "copper door and iron wall", but also against the wind and rain of the years. There is a "copper door iron wall watershed" said the copper door is located in Yiwu southwest town of Chiban town of Chiban two villages, it was built in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, more than 500 years of history. The main features of the copper door are the front wall and the door. The door was made of pure copper by eighteen copper stores and eighteen iron stores, which were the most developed stores in Chiban at that time, and the house was named "Copper Gate Hall" for this reason. The wall is made of buff bricks, and you can't see any gap, it seems to be a whole block, so it is called "Iron Wall".

It is said that the ancestor of this copper door hall is an important minister of the imperial court, and then returned to his hometown to build this copper door hall. Due to the layout of the hall, the number of rooms in the house, there are suspicions of offenses, the officialdom has a small man to the emperor to engage in a situation, the emperor listened to slander, sent people to copy the house. Copper door hall of the master know, busy with smoke will be beams, pillars and other black, said long ago ancestors left, only to avoid a disaster. However, to avoid man-made destruction can not hide the natural erosion. Today, the copper door is nowhere to be found, and then people made a wooden door, nailed on the surface of the large copper nails, and pretend to be a copper door. South room has also collapsed, the center of the hall in a few years ago was also destroyed by fire, when the bronze door of the majestic is disappearing in front of people's eyes.

In the urbanization of Yiwu City, such stories are constantly repeated. Do not have to mention the high cultural relics value of the octagonal grave (for the East Han Guangwu Emperor Liu Xiu's great-grandson, Yi Yang Wang Liu Hui's mausoleum, the fiefdom in Yiwu) of the destruction, and do not have to say that the rare Yi in Zhejiang in the Temple of Literature in the demolition of the Hall of the Dacheng, do not have to talk about the original Yi Division, the two can be comparable with the Dongyang Lu House of the Chen ancestral temple of the destruction of the demolition of the demolition of the Chaoyang Gate of the ancient city building alone, it seems to be extremely necessary to reflect on the need to do so today. If the Chaoyangmen New Street to the south to move a few dozen meters, through the Mao family Lane, Huangyuan Road to the west extension, so that there will not be today's two disconnected road (Huangyuan Road and the county before the street), but also the protection of the monuments of the Chaoyangmen, the best of both worlds, and now it has become a regrettable pile.

Such a story in the construction of a new socialist countryside is also in the continuation of the June 11, 2005, the streets of Jiangdong East Xinya village weather 100 years of ancient architecture, followed by the order of the Hall suffered auction. Following the order of the Church auction of the heavy gavel sound of the aftermath is still in the mall of culture and history shock, not long before the city and an ancient building sold at a price of 240,000 yuan, while people turn their hands to 800,000 yuan sold.

Ask the heart of a few sorrows? The old garden can not return to the bright moon. Many of the ancient buildings left behind by our ancestors are drifting away from us!

"Wind candle twilight" of the living environment

Witness a:

Located in the Beiyuan Street Liuqing village of the Yau Yoko Hall, hoeing by the Hall, Cunhou Hall, by the Yang's ancestors and grandchildren of three generations of the building. The main building of the hall and the hall, before and after the five buildings are divided into three courtyards, separated by a lane, the layout of the regular. Building with large, exquisite, columns, beams and carving components are used in balsam camphor wood, and beautifully carved, beams, purlins, square, cow legs, sparrow, arch and doors and windows all over the carving, craftsmanship is very fine, for the study of zhejiang central region of qing qianlong early and middle architectural structure and dongyang wood carving craft development vein provides a physical basis.

The building was originally intended to be demolished in the transformation of the old village, the village committee listened to and adopted the views and recommendations of the cultural relics department, attracted attention to be preserved. However, the yao yao hall rental to run a factory, stacking goods everywhere, poor ventilation, protection and management measures are not effective, not conducive to heritage protection, and easy to cause fire.

Witnessed two:

Beilei ancient street righteousness hall (after the grass hall), built in the Qing dynasty Qianlong fifty-one years (1786), divided into three into three open room two compartments and two corridors, covering an area of more than 1,000 square meters, the scale of the grandiose. The facade with a five-room brick carved pagoda gatehouse, looks majestic. The contents are based on the folk tradition of blessing, fortune, longevity and happiness, carved with patterns of dragon and phoenix, cranes, geese and peonies, etc. The carvings are exquisite and skillful. Foyer, hall of beams, purlins, square, cattle legs, sparrow, arch, and doors and windows are covered with carvings, set the essence of Dongyang wood carving, the front gable elevation of the compartment with a lapis lazuli sill wall, is also a major feature.

The property rights of the building belongs to more than ten households, but only a few living in it, the use of the process of protection, management is not appropriate, dirty, chaotic, poor phenomenon is serious, the beams are bad, the eaves partially off, the survival of cultural relics is worrying, in urgent need of repair.

Witness three:

Fotang Tangxiaoyang Village Dunhou Hall, built in 1925, sitting north to south, the main house of three, the left and right compartments of three rooms, the plane was "concave" type, covers an area of 304 square meters, for the front corridor patio courtyard structure. The building wood carving craft for a major feature, hall beams, purlins, square, sparrow for, arch, cow legs and the front gable gallery ceiling, all over the carvings, there are civil and military officials, dark eight immortals, auspicious eight treasures pattern, there are phoenix through the peony, cranes and deer to prolong the life of the bat Ruyi, the official in the first grade, the horse marquis, all the way to the section of the traditional auspicious symbols of the pattern, there are also "empty city plan "There are also stories of the Three Kingdoms and scenes of war and fighting. Compartment door wood carving in shallow relief, poetry, calligraphy, painting fusion, the content of the "ploughing map" (call the child to get up early and hard work farming) and "early reading map" (teach children to sleep and read early), "talented people and beautiful people Figure" (flowers and flowers) "(flower wine labor red sleeve), very tasteful. There are also plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum figure, auspicious clouds peony figure, three more pictures, flowers and birds.

The building is owned by two households, the west side of the housing for the retired teachers, pay close attention to the protection of the house. The east side of the house is used to run a wire tower factory, and there is a hidden danger of fire prevention. In addition, the main house hall for the two families **** with, for stacking debris, very lamentable.

Financial increase repair subsidies

The protection of historical and cultural heritage, the key is to repair the funding problem. Municipal government issued earlier this year, "on strengthening the protection of historical and cultural relics of a number of opinions," the ancient buildings and other historical and cultural relics of the repair and maintenance of financial subsidies is gratifying.

"Chinese People's *** and the State Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics" stipulates that cultural relics protection units, cultural relics protection points of property rights is the repair and protection of the first responsible person. Property rights belonging to the state or no property rights, by the municipal government to be repaired. If the property right belongs to enterprises, institutions or collectives, the enterprises, institutions or collectives shall be repaired and maintained. Property rights belonging to individuals, by individuals to repair and maintenance.

According to the municipal government "on strengthening the protection of historical and cultural heritage of a number of opinions", the city from 2007 with about five years, according to the priorities, above the municipal level of cultural relics protection units, heritage sites for a salvage repairs to solve the leakage of rain, structural reinforcement and aging of the wires and other three urgent need to solve the problem, and is equipped with necessary fire fighting facilities, the required funds belong to the Above the municipal level of cultural relics protection units by the municipal financial subsidies 80%, belonging to the municipal level of cultural relics protection points by the municipal financial subsidies 60%.

Property rights belonging to the collective or individual ownership of cultural relics protection units above the municipal level, cultural relics protection points, the collective or individual willing to voluntarily donate, can be the whole of the property rights of the historical and cultural relics gratuitous donations to the state, donated by the municipal financial allocations to be repaired. Municipal government to the donor issued a certificate of honor, be commended. Can also not compensate for the premise of the land, according to the evaluation of the property rights of the historical and cultural relics of the whole transferred to the state, the city financial allocation to be repaired. After signing the donation agreement or transfer agreement, the historical and cultural heritage of the land ownership and housing ownership of the state.

Property rights belonging to the collective or individual ownership and according to the planning in situ protection of cultural relics above the municipal level, heritage conservation units, heritage conservation sites, collective or individual fund-raising for the overall repair, can be in all the property rights of the person in charge of cultural relics and the signing of an agreement with the competent departments of the property rights of the property rights of the person who undertakes to repair according to the repair program, according to the management of government investment projects, open bidding, the cost of repair by the Municipal Bureau of Culture, Radio, Television and Press and Publication, the Municipal Bureau of Finance After review, 40% of the total amount of subsidies from the municipal finance repair.

Above the municipal cultural relics protection units, cultural relics protection points need to be repaired, commissioned by the competent authorities in charge of cultural relics design unit to prepare the repair program. Preparation of repair programs required by the municipal financial burden.

Involved in town construction, transformation of old villages, village finishing or other roads, water conservancy and other construction projects to be retained or approved relocation of cultural relics above the municipal level, cultural relics protection sites and other historical and cultural relics, their owners in the application for land for residential purposes, the building should be with the village collectives to sign a land-use rights and ownership of the replacement agreement on housing, replacement of the building's land-use rights and housing After the replacement, the land use right and house ownership of the building shall be owned by the state or the village collective. Municipal financial arrangements for repair and protection of special funds each year, and included in the budget.

Diagnosis of ancient buildings open prescription

Now, due to the city's large-scale construction of new rural areas, a large number of ancient buildings will be faced with the danger of being destroyed at any time. To this end, the city museum, the city construction bureau archives and other relevant departments have invited experts from all sides, diagnosis of ancient buildings to open the protection of the prescription:

-- Recommended that the city cultural relics administrative department in conjunction with the construction and planning departments to delineate the scope of protection of the ancient buildings, and according to the actual need to delineate the corresponding landscape coordination protection zone, the ancient buildings more Concentration of the region, the competent department of cultural relics should work with the construction department to develop the overall protection of ancient buildings planning, planning area within the scope of the ancient buildings to be reserved around the open space; in the ancient architecture of the coordination of the protection of the style of the ancient buildings or ancient buildings are concentrated in the region of the construction, shall not destroy the ancient architecture of the environmental landscape, its construction program must be agreed with the competent department of cultural relics, reported to the construction and planning of administrative departments Approval, strict control of construction around the ancient building sites. Indeed need to build, to be reported to the administrative department of the ancient buildings approved, and give full consideration to the architectural style of the ancient buildings themselves, to achieve coordination and unity.

- - Continue to do a good job at the national level, provincial key protection unit declaration, increase the inclusion of Yiwu city-level cultural relics management object work. Declare the level of ancient buildings, that is, the best protection and development of ancient buildings, to promote the local tourism economy, but also a good thing. Such as the city's urban areas surviving Ming and Qing dynasty ancient architecture of a street - Ximen Street, many attractions, especially the national hero Qi Jiguang's Yiwu military recruiting, training of sailors Chi ponds, for the country's sacrifice to the anti-Japanese generals Tong Zi Ming Loyalty Shrine, etc., combined with the many nearby ancient buildings, geographically connected to the point of becoming a line, history through the past and present, whether it is possible to build a Yiwu Spirit Memorial Hall? Each ancient building protection unit to fully understand the declaration of the city's ancient building protection and historical and cultural city construction of great significance, at the same time can be combined with the development of tourism, fully excavated, integration of ancient architectural resources, increase the cultural connotation of the city's tourism industry, for the economic construction services.

- In continue to do a good job in the ancient building research on the basis of the different status quo categories, the right medicine, put forward practical measures for the protection and repair. Ancient buildings for housing appraisal, is a dangerous house, it is recommended that the demolition, demolition of the debris, components of a unified pile, unified management, through the primitive accumulation of ancient architectural appurtenances, it is recommended that when the time is ripe, the construction of a "Museum of Architecture" or "Ancient Architecture Specialized Halls ", protection and rescue of these precious ancient architectural resources, so that future generations more understanding of Yiwu's splendid history and culture, and to arouse the awareness of the protection of ancient buildings.

For the current well-preserved and valuable ancient buildings, should spend a lot of effort to protect, spare no investment. At the same time on the ancient buildings for a comprehensive measurement, drawing, archiving, regular field surveys, problems can be solved, to develop practical measures to protect, put into practice, as far as possible to make it live longer.

Part of the ancient buildings have been damaged but valuable, effective measures should be taken, or preservation of the residual part, or off-site protection, to maximize the possibility of preserving the valuable residual part. There is the possibility of restoration, in accordance with the principle of "repairing the old as the old", should be considered when the conditions for restoration, or off-site protection. For example: in 2000, during the transformation of the old city, in order to protect the ancient residential buildings, "Yiyuan" a three-room two-room building with the Jinshanling top Tao Dazong Ancestral Hall, a three-room relocated to the filial piety ancestral temple park. Originally located in the lake Qingmen 18 old houses, but also in the old city remodeling relocated to the north of the city people's farms, so that the characteristics of the ancient residential architecture is more prominent, continue to emit a unique charm.

The eight sides of the "stone" can attack jade

In order to more effectively protect the city's ancient architecture, France developed the "Urban Conservation Act", the United Kingdom developed the "Urban Civilization Act", Japan also in the "Cultural Properties Preservation Act" added to the protection of traditional architectural clusters of content. It is because of the strict protection of the decree, people today visit Europe and Japan, only to be able to stop in the Gothic style buildings, Renaissance museums, Kyoto's ancient streets before.

Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, the government in the protection of ancient buildings, the annual arrangement to the Quanzhou Municipal Bureau of Construction special funds 2 million yuan for the purchase of ancient building components, debris and appendages, and the implementation of the planning of the reconstruction of the land, built the "Museum of Architecture", to deal with the dismantling of the relationship between the restoration of the good.

Jiangsu Provincial Office moved out of the original national government "Presidential Palace", leading not only to the office location of the problem, but also the concept of protection of ancient buildings, thinking problem. The relevant departments will be "Presidential Palace" converted into a museum of modern Chinese history sites, in line with the "protection-oriented, salvage first" and "effective protection, rational utilization, strengthen management" of the Cultural relics protection guidelines and principles, after the completion of the museum, every year attracted a large number of tourists to visit the tour, became a key patriotic education base in Jiangsu Province and one of the important tourist attractions, to achieve the cultural benefits and economic benefits of a win-win situation, is a good example of the success of the protection of ancient buildings.

Ningbo Dongqianhu Han Ling village old village renovation, known as "ancient villages in the 'new village movement'". According to the village's planning, the village that a few particularly "dazzling" new houses will be demolished, while the village 91.9% of the old buildings with local style will be retained, and unified repair. This unconventional trade-off between old and new buildings, completely subverted the original villagers on the old village renovation of the literal understanding. And this approach, more to us to convey such a message: the construction of new rural areas, not simply in addition to the old and new, in some of the transformation of ancient villages, the protection of even more important than the new to come.