How is the pulp of household paper made?

How is the pulp of household paper made?

Process

Traditional pulping refers to the use of chemical methods, mechanical methods or a combination of both methods, so that the plant fiber raw materials dissociation into natural or bleached pulp production process. Usually used process is the plant fiber raw materials crushed, cooking, washing, screening, bleaching, purification, drying pulp. Modern new development of a biological pulp method, first with special strains of bacteria (white rot bacteria, brown rot bacteria, soft rot bacteria) specifically directed to break down the lignin structure, supplemented by mechanical or chemical methods to dissociate the rest of the cellulose, and then bleaching. In this process, the biological decomposition, open most of the lignin, the chemical method is only as an auxiliary role, the use of chemical products compared to the traditional method is very little, so you can do less or no emission of waste liquid, is a kind of environmentally friendly pulping, clean pulping method.

Classification

① according to the manufacturing method is divided into chemical pulp (including caustic soda pulp, sulfate pulp, sulfite pulp, etc.), mechanical pulp

(including grinding stone grinding wood pulp, disk grinding mechanical pulp, hot grinding mechanical pulp, etc.) and chemical mechanical pulp 3 categories; pulp products ② according to the raw material species are divided into wood pulp, grass pulp, bamboo pulp, cotton pulp, waste pulp, etc.

③ according to the depth of processing is divided into the original lignin, clean pulp method.

③ according to the depth of processing is divided into native pulp, semi-bleached pulp, bleached pulp, refined pulp, etc.;

④ according to the wood pulp on the wood rate is divided into chemical pulp (rate of 40 ~ 50%), high rate of chemical pulp (rate of 50 ~ 65%), semi-chemical pulp (rate of 65 ~ 84%), chemical mechanical pulp (rate of 85 ~ 94%), mechanical pulp (rate of 94 ~ 98%);

⑤ According to the use of the enterprise's own pulp is called self-use pulp, sold as a commodity is called commercial pulp. For a specific species, often with several different classifications named, such as bleached sulfate coniferous pulp, native sulfite reed pulp, poplar wood pulp, etc., in order to facilitate the user according to its name and can generally understand the performance and use of pulp.

In all types of pulp, chemical pulp still occupies the largest proportion. 1987 world chemical pulp production amounted to 111.35 million tons, accounting for 71% of the total pulp production (155.86 million tons), mechanical pulp accounted for 21% of the chemical and mechanical pulp due to the development of a later, relatively small production, but in recent years the growth rate is faster. As the utilization rate of waste paper recycling continues to improve and the amount of paper used fillers and coatings relatively increased, the amount of pulp is relatively reduced, and thus the growth rate of pulp is generally lower than the growth rate of paper and paperboard.

How to make scratch wax painting paper

1. In the color cardboard coated with black paint stick

2. First in a piece of paper with a paint stick coated with color, any color at all, as long as the paint is full, and then in this coated with the color of the paper and then with a black paint stick coated with all the colors, coated with a full, to all the colors of the black paint stick to cover up so far, and then do a good job! Then, use a toothpick or something sharp to scrape the painting on it.

How is salt made?

Salt production method: the industrial use of seawater salt or well water, salt lake water boiled salt, so that the salt crystals precipitation. The salt thus produced contains more impurities, called coarse salt. Coarse salt by dissolving, precipitation, filtration, evaporation, can produce refined salt.

How people are made

There is a formula for making people: 1+1=3, which is the process of making people, and then ask your parents if you don't understand!

I hope to adopt

Leather is how to make out of

Simply put, leather is made from animal skin after a very complex physical (mechanical) processing and chemical treatment process and made. Different animal skin, as well as changes in processing methods, to make a variety of leather. According to the traditional saying, the tanning process is generally divided into three stages: preparation stage, tanning stage and finishing stage.

(1) in the preparation stage, its main purpose is to remove all the useless things on the animal skin, such as hair, fat, various glands and soluble proteins within the skin, etc., and the collagen fibers of the animal skin (i.e., constitutes the main body of the leather) to be processed, in order to facilitate the processing of the later and improve the quality of leather.

The main processes in this stage are: soaking, removing meat, dehairing, soaking ash, degreasing, softening, soaking acid.

(2) in the tanning stage, its main purpose is to make the collagen fibers of animal skins through chemical methods in the structure of the change, so that it from the skin into leather. At the same time, it also determines the quality and performance of the resulting leather.

The main processes in this stage are: pretanning, main tanning and retanning.

(3) In the finishing stage, its main purpose is to enrich the leather with some special sensory properties, such as thickness, softness, color, surface condition and waterproof.

In this stage, the main processes are: cut layer, cut evenly, neutralization, dyeing, adding fat, drying, making soft, spreading, grinding leather, coating, embossing and so on.

How stamps are made

The first step to make a stamp is to select the topic - project - approval - design - approval - plate making - printing - announcement - issuance, etc., and finally to the postal counter.

How tea is made

Different teas are made in different ways. So look at it dialectically:

Green tea: killing - kneading (shaping) - drying

White tea: withering - drying

Yellow tea: greening - kneading - smothering yellow - drying

Black tea: withering - -Twisting or kneading -Fermentation -Drying

Oolong tea: sun greening -Drying greening -Doing the greening -Killing -Kneading -Pot frying -(Bao kneading) -drying

Black tea: killing - kneading - stacking fermentation - drying

Gynostemma: Killing - Twisting - Roasting - Gross Tea Processing - Packaging, etc.

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How is black tea made?

Black tea can be further divided into two main categories, one is strip black tea and the other is broken black tea. Strip black tea is made through seven main stages: picking, collecting, twisting, withering, fermenting, drying and categorizing. Broken black tea is made through seven main stages: picking, collecting, withering, CTC (cutting, tearing, kneading), fermentation, drying and categorization. First, black tea black tea, suitable for the production of the product of the new buds and leaves of the tea tree as raw materials, after withering, kneading (cut). Fermentation. Drying and other typical processes refined. Because of its dry tea color and brewed tea broth to red color, so the name. When black tea began to be created, it was called black tea. Black tea in the processing process occurred in the enzymatic oxidation of tea polyphenols as the center of the chemical reaction, the chemical composition of the fresh leaves change more, the tea polyphenols reduced by 90

How is glass made

Usually the glass is made of ore firing and refining

Special glass is formed by adding other chemicals to the glass solution

Composition of glass

(1) Ordinary glass (Na2SiO3, CaSiO3, SiO2 or Na2O-CaO-6SiO2)

(2) Quartz glass (glass made of pure quartz as the main raw material, the composition of which is only SiO2)

(3) Toughened glass (the same composition as ordinary glass)

(4) Potassium glass (K2O, CaO, SiO2)

(5) borate glass (SiO2, B2O3)

(6) colored glass in the (ordinary glass manufacturing process by adding some metal oxides. Cu2O - red; CuO - blue-green; CdO - light yellow; CO2O3 - blue; Ni2O3 - dark green; MnO2 - purple; colloidal Au - red; colloidal Ag - yellow)

(7) Chromatic glass (advanced tinted glass using oxides of rare earth elements as colorants)

(8) Optical glass (adding a small amount of light-sensitive substances, such as AgCl, AgBr, etc., and a very small amount of sensitizers, such as CuO, etc., to ordinary borosilicate glass raw materials to make the glass more sensitive to light)

(9) rainbow glass (made by adding a large amount of fluoride, a small amount of sensitizers, and bromide to ordinary glass raw materials)

(10) protective Glass (in the ordinary glass manufacturing process to add appropriate auxiliary materials, so that it has the function of preventing strong light, heat or radiation lines through the protection of personal safety. Such as gray - dichromate, iron oxide absorbs ultraviolet and some visible light; blue-green - nickel oxide, ferrous oxide absorbs infrared and some visible light; lead glass - lead oxide absorbs X-rays and r-rays; dark blue - dichromate, ferrous oxide, iron oxide absorbs UV, infrared and most of the visible light; adding cadmium oxide and boron oxide absorbs neutron flow.

(11) microcrystalline glass (also known as crystalline glass or glass ceramics, is made by adding gold, silver, copper and other crystal nuclei to ordinary glass, instead of stainless steel and gemstones, for radomes and missile heads, etc.).

(12) glass fiber (drawn or blown from molten glass into a diameter of a few microns to a few thousand microns of fibers, the same composition as glass)

(13) glass wire (i.e., long glass fibers)

(14) fiberglass (composite of epoxy resin and glass fibers and the strength of the reinforced plastics obtained similar to steel).

(15) cellophane (transparent cellulose film made of viscose solution)

(16) water glass (Na2SiO3) of aqueous solution, named because of some of the same components as in ordinary glass)

(17) metal glass (glassy metal, generally made by rapid cooling of molten metal)

(18) fluorite ( Fluorite (colorless and transparent CaF2, used as prisms and lenses in optical instruments)

(19) Plexiglass (polymethylmethacrylate)

Tea cake is how to make out

Pu-erh Tea is the use of low-temperature killing of sun-dried green tea as raw materials, the steam steam to the tea leaves softened by the mold press molding. The process of ripe tea uses sun green tea as raw material, and is sieved after fermentation in a heap, then steamed and pressed into shape.

1, raw tea cake color to green, dark green mainly after time aging part of the yellow-green, yellow-red. Soup color is mainly yellow-green, yellow-red, golden. New tea leaf bottom is mainly green, yellow-green, aged tea is red-yellow or jujube red. Raw tea has bitter, astringent, sweet and sweet taste, and the aroma is more obvious. Raw tea mainly has the effect of cleaning the intestines, lowering fat, refreshing, lowering blood pressure and weight loss.

2, ripe tea color is mainly reddish brown. The aroma has a pronounced wu heap flavor. Ripe tea is mild and mellow. Ripe tea with sufficient fermentation, soup thick water sweet and smooth, almost no bitterness. For those with light fermentation, there is sweetness and obvious aroma. The soup color is mostly dark red for those with light fermentation, and reddish black for those with heavy fermentation. The bottom of the leaves are mostly reddish brown and dark brown. Cooked tea can lower fat, lower blood pressure, prevent arteriosclerosis, prevent constipation, diuretic.

I've been drinking Puerh tea from Suyue Tea House, and I feel very good. Now also from time to time with their tea artist Zhang Ci chat together, benefit a lot. gdgd800 is her (wēi) micro (xìn) number. She is very nice and you can ask her anything you don't understand.

Like Pu-erh tea is not a momentary ***, and not with the voice, but the time, day long, into a part of life.