Essay on Tianjin Folklore or Tianjin History (at least 400 words)

Essay on Tianjin Folklore or Tianjin History (at least 400 words)

The folk woodblock prints of Yang Liuqing (located 20 kilometers west of Tianjin) with a history of 600 years arose at the end of the Yuan and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, when a folk artist who was good at carving took refuge and came to the town of Yang Liuqing to carve some door gods and zao wangs to betray on the occasion of New Year's festivals, and the townspeople scrambled to imitate them. When the Grand Canal was reopened during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, delicate paper and watercolors from the south were transported to Yangliuqing, which led to the development of the art of painting here. Yangliuqing New Year paintings were most popular from the Yongzheng and Qianlong periods of the Qing Dynasty to the early Guangxu period. There were several thousand kinds of Yangliuqing New Year paintings (pastels). By the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the heyday of the town of Yangliuqing, Dai Lianzeng painting store a year production of finished products up to 2,000 pieces, each piece of 500 sheets, **** up to a million pieces. At that time, Yangliuqing town together with more than 30 nearby villages, "every family will be dyed, every good painting", painting stores lined up, store painting samples hanging high, businessmen from all over the world, is a veritable town of painting. After the Second Opium War, Yangliuqing New Year's Paintings went into decline, and in 1926, Huo Yutang, the fifth successor of Huo Pai, established the largest painting shop "Yucheng No." in Yangliuqing Town, and Yangliuqing New Year's Paintings gradually came back to life. After the liberation, Premier Zhou Enlai personally inspected and sent the much-needed raw materials of Garcinia Cambogia to the workshop. "During the Cultural Revolution, Yang Liu Qing New Year Paintings were changed to offset printing, and the traditional craft was on the verge of extinction. Since the 1980s, Huo Qingyou (son of Huo Yutang), the sixth generation of Huo school of Tianjin Yangliuqing New Year Painting, inherited his father's ambition and painted on the wall for 17 years, painstakingly studied the traditional techniques of hooking, engraving, brushing, painting and mounting, and mastered the full set of Yangliuqing New Year Painting techniques, becoming the only one who was able to do all the five skills of hooking, engraving, brushing, painting and mounting in the area of Tianjin. He became the only "all-rounded" Yang Liu Qing New Year Painting artist in Tianjin and revived the woodblock hand-painted Yang Liu Qing New Year Painting which was nearly extinct. Nowadays, the "Yucheng No." paintings have been built into a family museum, which has become a humanistic attraction for Chinese and foreign tourists.

Yangliuqing New Year Paintings inherited the tradition of Song and Yuan paintings, absorbed the forms of Ming Dynasty woodblock prints, arts and crafts, and theatrical stages, and adopted the method of combining woodblock overprinting and hand-painting. When making the paintings, they are firstly engraved with woodblock prints, and then printed with ink, and then filled in with colorful brushes after they have been overprinted with monochromatic prints for two or three times. It has both the taste of the plate and wood, and the colorfulness and craftsmanship of hand-painting, so the folk art has a strong flavor and is rich in Chinese style. Yangliuqing New Year Prints have created a unique style that is vivid, lively, joyful and auspicious, and rich in touching themes. In the history of Chinese printmaking, Yangliuqing New Year Painting and the famous Taohuayu New Year Painting of Suzhou in the south are known as "Southern Peach and Northern Willow".

Yangliuqing New Year Paintings express the people's beautiful feelings and wishes through allegorical and realistic techniques, and are especially characterized by the direct reflection of the current affairs and customs of each period and historical stories and other subjects. For example, the doll on the picture "Liannian Yuyue", with a child's face and Buddha's body and a playful posture, holding a carp in his arms and a lotus flower in his hand, which is a harmonic symbol of a rich life, has become a classic of Chinese New Year's Paintings, and has been widely circulated. Yangliuqing New Year paintings have a wide range of materials, such as historical stories, myths and legends, opera characters, secular customs and landscapes, flowers and birds, etc. Especially those subjects closely related to people's lives, as well as those with the nature of current news, etc., which are not only rich in artistic appreciation, but also have a precious historical research value. The fine tradition of combining realism and romanticism represented by these excellent works has formed the mainstream of Yangliuqing New Year Paintings, which has continued to develop until now. The artistic characteristics of Yangliuqing New Year Paintings are manifold, and the conditions for the formation of its artistic characteristics are also manifold. Among them, the more obvious and prominent one is in the production. The production procedure of Yangliuqing New Year Paintings is roughly as follows: creating a draft, dividing the plate, engraving the plate, overprinting, painting and mounting. The preliminary process is roughly the same as other woodblock prints. All are based on the draft engraving overprint; and Yangliuqing New Year's Paintings of the later production, is to spend more on the process of hand-painting, the printmaking of the knife plate flavor and the painting of the brush strokes and tones, cleverly blended into one, so that the two arts complement each other. And also due to the painting artist's different methods of expression, the same piece of Yangliuqing New Year's Eve blanks (unpainted ink lines or sets of semi-finished products). Can be painted into a fine drawing "fine work", and bold and rough "rough work", artistic style is very different, each have their own artistic value.

Once upon a time, the people of Tianjin believed in many gods, such as the God of Wealth, the King of Zao, the Bodhisattva, the Jade Emperor and so on, but because Tianjin is located at the sea, the people emphasized the maritime technology and prayed for the blessing of the gods, so in the people of Tianjin, the highest prestige and the most worshipped is the "Queen of Heaven" -- in the south, the "Queen of Heaven". --In the south, it is called "Mazu". At the same time, Tianjin is a shipping hub, many foreign merchants, shipping activities are frequent, so the "Tin Hau Palace" incense is also very strong, and there are many rituals of flower activities. In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi visited Tianjin and inspected Tianhougong, and appreciated the performances of the flower show so much that the Emperor gave the flag to the festival, and from then on, the folkloric flower show at Tianhougong became the "Imperial Festival". Drums, lions, Chinese streamers and flower drums and other performances in the streets and alleys, drums and gongs, applause. According to the "Tianjin Imperial Society Records" records, "all night long, until the end of the night does not disperse. Candle extinguished incense, do not realize that the East has been white." Later, in addition to the lunar calendar March 23 Tianhou birthday celebration, the lunar month 15 to the first day of the first month of the grand temple fair, slowly, Tianhou Palace temple fair into the Spring Festival is one of the most important celebratory program.

Shang Jie, deputy director of the Tianjin Folklore Museum, said: "Why is the grand-scale Niangniang Temple Fair held in the cold season of Lunar New Year? To say that it has a lot to do with the traditional customs of Tianjin people, Tianjin people attach great importance to the New Year festival, which is extremely prestigious in the country and even the world's big cities, which is related to the historical and geographical environment of Tianjin, the crowd structure of the five sides of the miscellaneous, and the majority of the people are engaged in the long-term wandering uncertainty of the sea and waterway transportation occupations. Every New Year's Day, people look forward to reuniting with their families in peace,*** enjoying the joy of family life,*** wishing for good luck in the coming year. The intensity of this buying price and psychology is incomparable to that of the people in other cities. Tianhougong Lunar New Year Temple Fair was born in such a lively atmosphere. Starting from the 15th day of the Lunar New Year, all kinds of New Year's vendors gather in Tianhougong to form a powerful New Year's goods trading market. The groceries needed for the New Year's festivals in the area around the south and north of the palace and the children's toys in the temple's front yard attracted a large number of visitors, and this situation has not changed to this day."

She also told reporters that in the early years, Tianhou Palace was famous for its many commercial stores converted from allotment halls, selling paper-cut window flowers, hanging money children, gold goods, as well as flowers, birds, fish and insects. As people went shopping for New Year's goods, they looked at the wide array of goods and said, "It's enjoyable to shop around!"

The drums and juggling are a joy to watch

In the old days in Tianjin, people called the businessmen who sang the drums "jianghu rice eaters". According to legend, the origin of this form of singing drums at least a few thousand years of history, Yao and Shun era of the court set up admonishing the drums, although the following admonition, but also has a meaning of indoctrination. In ancient times, King Zhouzhuang used to "beat the drums to transform the people" in order to "correct the customs", so later generations of drum singers honored King Zhouzhuang as their ancestor. New Year's time, singing drums will not be in the New Year's Eve market near the tent, three sides of the bench, one side of the flat ground set up tables and drums, as the actors sing on stage, called the "La field children. The so-called drum song is the cost of a large set of books, what "Hu Yanqing ring", "before and after the seven countries", "Yang Jiagong", "across the sea to conquer the East", "Xue Gang anti-Tang" and so on.

This a year, several big drum shed singing different repertoire, the people in a full of ears at the same time, but also a full of eyes. Because the New Year's time as long as there is singing drums, there will inevitably be "juggling", this form and content more colorful to attract different hobbies of the audience, will be comic, double reed, juggling (magic), acrobatics (such as trembling, juggling janitorial, kicking the felt, etc.) together with performances, known as the "ten kinds of juggling

Hangar buzzing pattern shake out the flavor of the New Year

The mention of the shake of the hokkaido, each child, and even adults will be excited, because the hokkaido along with the cotton thread and the two thin stick issued a "buzz" sound, accompanied by the left and right swing, up and down the ups and downs, from simple pulling the loud, to the complex and beautiful tricks, shake the hokkaido There are a lot of techniques. Because it is big at both ends and thin in the middle, Tianjin people call it "wind gourd".

In the old Tianjin temple fair on New Year's Day, there will be people performing. Performers with two short bamboo poles tied with white string, in the middle of the round axis of the bamboo around a circle, two-handed bamboo poles shake, so that the disk on the head of the axis rotates up, the disk has a bamboo piece of the small holes separated by the rotation of the wind into the holes, and thus issued a "buzzing" sound. When you shake fast, the disk will rotate fast, and the sound will be louder. Shake the empty bamboo, often a few people get together to shake, the competition who shake the empty bamboo loud, who shake more tricks, the simplest trick is "Yang Gao", that is, the empty bamboo shake loud, thrown into the air, with the "buzz" sound, and then use the bamboo pole to catch, continue to shake. Shake bamboo tricks and "monkey climbing pole", that is, let the bamboo along the hands of the bamboo pole upward rotation. Complicated tricks are also "climbing cross", "Zhang Fei cheating horse" and so on. Spring Festival temple fairs, New Year's markets can almost always hear the sound of "buzzing", nowadays children have probably never seen such a simple toy, in two small rods tied to a small rope, a bamboo made of gadgets with the rope shaking up and down, making a "buzzing" sound. The sound was "buzzing". Today, the old man in his sixties can clearly remember, a few buzzing firecrackers, "whoosh" from the crowd to the sky, and then, fell rapidly, and then each was steadily caught with a rope, and then again shaking up. Small firecrackers are like meteors constantly from people's eyes, dazzling. A moment from the back to fly up, a moment and from the legs under the drill past, a moment and in their fingers to jump back and forth, they danced out of the "shooting star to catch the moon", "monkey climbing the pole", "ants up a tree They danced "shooting star catching the moon", "monkey climbing the pole", "ants up the tree" and other styles are amazing

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