What are the components of furniture?

First, furniture is composed of four factors: material, structure, appearance and function, among which function is the forerunner and motive force to promote the development of furniture; Structure is the backbone and the basis of realizing functions. These four factors are interrelated and mutually restricted. Because furniture is designed and manufactured to meet people's certain material needs and use purposes, there are also factors in function and appearance.

material

Second, furniture is made of various materials through a series of technologies, and materials are the material basis of furniture. Therefore, in addition to the basic requirements of function, aesthetics and technology, furniture design is also closely related to materials. To this end, designers are required to do the following:

(1) Be familiar with the types, properties, specifications and sources of raw materials;

(2) Design excellent products according to existing materials to make the best use of them;

(3) Be good at using all kinds of new materials to improve product quality and increase product aesthetics. In addition to commonly used wood, metal and plastic, there are rattan, bamboo, glass, rubber, fabric, decorative board, leather, sponge, glass fiber reinforced plastic and so on.

Third, however, not all materials can be used in furniture production, and the application of furniture materials also has certain selectivity, among which the following factors should be considered.

(1) processing manufacturability. The processing technology of materials directly affects the production of furniture. For wood materials, shrinkage and expansion, anisotropic fission and porosity caused by water should be considered during processing. Plastic materials should consider their ductility, thermoplastic deformation and so on. Glass materials should consider its thermal brittleness, hardness and so on.

(2) Texture and appearance quality. The texture and texture of materials determine the special feeling of product appearance quality. Wood is a natural material, with natural texture, beautiful appearance, vivid image, good handle and easy to process and color, and it is the first-class material for making furniture. Plastics and their synthetic materials have the characteristics of simulating the texture of various natural materials and have good coloring performance, but they are easy to age and deform when heated, so the service life and application scope of furniture produced by them are limited.

(3) economy. The economy of furniture materials includes material price, material processing labor consumption, material utilization rate and material source richness. Although wood has the advantage of natural texture, with the increase of demand, the volume of wood is decreasing and resources are becoming scarcer and scarcer. This kind of economical and beautiful material similar to wood material will be widely used in furniture production.

(4) strength. In terms of strength, its holding power, splitting resistance and elastic modulus should be considered.

(5) Surface decoration performance. Generally speaking, surface decoration performance refers to the feasibility of painting, gluing, carving, coloring, ironing, branding and other decoration. (6) Environmental protection. In addition to the above factors, there is another factor that can't be ignored, that is, whether there is a dangerous release of furniture materials to the human body, which is what more and more consumers are willing to consider first when choosing furniture. For example, whether modern boards use boards with E 1 grade or above, whether the adhesive volatilizes harmful gases, and what brand of paint to use. All of them reflect consumers' concern about harmful emissions from furniture materials. With the decrease of log resources all over the world, it is understandable for human beings to consider many other materials that can replace logs, but no matter what kind of materials, environmental protection is always the hottest.

structure

4. Structure refers to some combination and connection mode between materials and components used in furniture, which is a structural system based on certain use functions. It includes the internal structure and external structure of furniture. Internal structure refers to some combination of furniture parts, which depends on the change of materials and the development of science and technology. Such as metal furniture, plastic furniture, rattan furniture, wooden furniture, etc. Have their own structural characteristics. In addition, the external structure of furniture is in direct contact with users, which is a direct reflection of appearance, so it must adapt to users in scale, proportion and shape, which is ergonomics. For example, a chair with suitable seat height, depth and backrest inclination can alleviate people's fatigue; Accommodation furniture should be adapted to the scale of the accommodated items on the premise of facilitating users to access the items. The external structure designed according to this requirement also laid the foundation for the aesthetic requirements of furniture.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) appearance form

The appearance of furniture is directly presented to users, and it is an intuitive expression of function and structure. The appearance of furniture depends on its structure, especially the external structure. However, there is no corresponding relationship between appearance form and structure, and different appearance forms can be expressed by the same structure. The freedom of appearance is great, and the combination of space is quite selective. For example, the basic structure of dressing table is the same, but its appearance forms are varied. As the external expression of function, the appearance of furniture also has cognitive function, so it has information transmission and symbolic significance; It can also play its aesthetic function, thus producing a certain emotional atmosphere, forming a certain artistic effect and giving people a beautiful enjoyment.

function

Any piece of furniture is designed and manufactured for some functional purpose. Therefore, function constitutes the central link of furniture, and it is the forerunner and motive force to promote the development of furniture. When designing furniture, we should first analyze the design object from the perspective of function, so as to determine the material structure and appearance form.

Generally speaking, the functions of furniture products can be divided into four aspects, namely, technical function, economic function, use function and aesthetic function.