Qianlong biography in about 500 words

Qing Emperor Qianlong (清高宗乾隆) (9月25日时1711年-2月7日1799年), surnamed Aisin Gioro (爱新觉罗), and named Hongli (弘历), was the fourth son of the Yongzheng Emperor. Born in the 50th year of the Kangxi reign, he died in the 4th year of the Jiaqing reign at the age of 89, and was buried in the Yuling Mausoleum in Hebei Province (northwest of Zunhua County, Hebei Province). Qianlong in Yongzheng thirteen years to the throne, for the Qing dynasty into the fourth emperor. In the 60th year of Qianlong's reign, he was abdicated to his 15th son, Grand Diem, and became the Emperor himself. Qianlong reign *** sixty years, is China's feudal history of the second longest reign of the emperor, second only to his grandfather, Emperor Kangxi, and is the longest-lived emperor.

Yongzheng reign of Qianlong was appointed by the Bao Prince. After the death of Yongzheng, qunchen and chief eunuchs from behind the plaque take out the brocade box, open and read the secret edict, which reads, "the fourth son Hongli for the Crown Prince, following the United that is, the emperor's throne." Hongli on the throne in the same month. The next year to change the name of the year for "Qianlong".

Rumor has it that Qianlong was not Yongzheng's biological son. Instead, he was the son of Haining Chen. In the Prince of Yong (Yongzheng) consort delivery day, it so happened that the wife of Chen Ge Lao also gave birth to a child, only the former is a girl, the latter is a boy. At this time Yongzheng heard of it, secretly ordered his family to bring the Chen Courtier, and emphasized that he must take the child. Then on the pretext that Fujin wanted to see the child, he brought the child into the inner room and exchanged his girl for the Chen family. The Chen family later realized that something was wrong, but did not dare to speak out. Unexpectedly, the boy was gifted and clever, y loved by Kangxi, Yongzheng two emperors, and finally became a generation of kings. Legend has it that Qianlong had secretly gone to Haining to save his family during his six trips to Jiangnan.

But some scholars believe that Qianlong is not the eldest son of Yongzheng, that is to say, Yongzheng is not worried about no one to inherit his throne. Moreover, at that time, the throne of the fight has entered a white-hot, Yongzheng how dare to exchange children with others, and leave a political enemy to say. Therefore, the mystery of Qianlong's birth is false.

Qianlong reign, the implementation of the policy of broad and fierce mutual aid, pragmatic foot country, pay attention to agriculture and mulberry, stop donations, so that the community appeared in a prosperous scene, "Kangxi and Qianlong period" during this period reached its peak. At the same time, Qianlong pacified the Junggar Department, eliminated the size of the Tianshan South Road and Zhuomu's forces, strengthened the central government's management of the border areas, consolidated and developed the multi-ethnic state of China, laid the map of China's inherent today; sternly rejected the British envoy Magalhaeni put forward the aggressive requirements.

When pacifying the southern Tianshan Road, the Qing army captured a consort of Xiaohe Zhuomu, who was a stunning beauty and exuded a kind of natural fragrance, known as Fragrant Concubine. Qianlong will take her as a concubine sent to the palace, but also specially recruited Muslims to serve her food and clothing. And in the Palace of the West Garden made Hui housing, chapel, to win her heart. Fragrant Concubine but not moved, resolutely not from. One day, the courtesan by the order of Qianlong to persuade, the princess violently took out a dagger, scared the courtesan scattered to hide. The empress dowager was afraid of Qianlong suffered an accident, while Qianlong went to the countryside when the festival, the fragrance of the consort called, to make its suicide. Qianlong knew also had a disease, and afterwards ordered the remains of the perfume with a soft sedan chair back to Kashgar, Xinjiang, buried, built perfume tomb. In recent years, experts after a lot of evidence. Considered that the fragrant consort is actually Qianlong's Rongfei, living in the palace for 28 years, died of illness at the age of 55, buried in the East Mausoleum, the coffin is written in Arabic on the "Koran".

The Qianlong Emperor was a man of elegance and skillful in riding and shooting, and he traveled to the south of the Yangtze River six times, visiting famous cities and leaving his ink on the north and south of the Yangtze River. Qianlong is also a famous collector of cultural relics. Most of the Qing Palace paintings and calligraphy is his collection, his reign compiled during the "Siku Quanshu" *** collection of 3503 kinds of books, 79,337 volumes, 36,304 volumes, the number of volumes is the "Yongle Daxian" three times, become our country's ancient ideological and cultural heritage of the General Assembly. However, the literary prisons raised by Qianlong were the most numerous in the Qing dynasty. For example, a literati Hu Zhongzao wrote a "a heart on the turbid and clear" poem, Qianlong think this is slander Qing Dynasty, Hu Zhongzao will be exterminated. But this did not detract from the achievements of Qianlong.

But Qianlong is a man of great joy, heavy extravagance, wastefulness, and called himself "ten full old man". He was appointed and Kun twenty years later in his reign. And Kun is the largest corrupt official in Chinese history, resulting in these twenty years of corruption, political corruption, frequent peasant revolts. The Qing dynasty began to decline from strength to strength.

At the end of the 60th year of the Qianlong reign (1795), Qianlong decided to abdicate the throne to the crown prince. He issued an edict saying, "I succeeded to the throne at the age of 25, and at that time I had sworn to heaven that if I could reign for 60 years, I would definitely pass the throne to the crown prince on my own, not daring to reign for the same number of years as my royal ancestor (referring to Kang Xi). Now I have been on the throne for 60 years, do not dare to go back on their word, decided to abdicate with the fifteenth son, stern Diem. If he is difficult to deal with the government for a while, I will train the government." And Kun and other ministers tried to discourage, Qianlong did not listen, in the first year of the Jiaqing (1796) on the first day of the first month of the ceremony held in the Palace of the Taichi Zen throne, claiming to be the emperor, but still hold the real power of the court. Jiaqing four years (1799) in the first month, Qianlong got sick, although after a number of famous doctors, have not seen any improvement, the first three died in the Palace of Yangxin.