What are the four stages of the debate on traditional culture in China?

The Spring and Autumn Period is a period of cultural prosperity. During this period, culture began to show its own distinctive characteristics, which were manifested in all aspects. From the social form, serfdom can be seen everywhere in counties and cities, but slavery has not been fully developed. In terms of ethnic policy, Chu people positioned themselves between Yi and Xia, and implemented the ethnic policy of "returning Yi to Xia". For the destroyed country, the way is to move its government, guard its ancestral temple, county its territory, comfort its subjects, and use its talents instead of capturing its slaves. From the perspective of official system, Chu officials mostly call Yin, with few exceptions from the central to the local; From the administrative system, it is imitated by other countries; In the military system, the title and organizational system are also different from those of the Central Plains. These large cultural backgrounds have fully demonstrated the personality and boldness of vision of culture, and culture has thus matured.

The Warring States period is the heyday of culture. At this time, bronze production reached its peak, ironware was widely popularized, silk embroidery flourished, lacquerware and wood products appeared, urban construction flourished, and material culture reached its peak. Obviously different from the prosperous period, the spiritual culture in the prosperous period shines brilliantly, which gives great enlightenment to future generations. From philosophy to literature, from calligraphy and painting to music and dance, all of them are unique and outstanding. More importantly, the political and social system, national cultural psychology and daily life style tend to be mature and stereotyped, which makes Chu culture truly a unique culture and has been praised by people for thousands of years.

The Qin and Han Dynasties were a period of cultural transformation. Qin destroyed Chu and rejected culture, which suffered a great blow. However, the spiritual factors of culture are far more deeply rooted than the material factors, which makes it possible for culture to recover, but it is impossible for Chu culture to develop along its own path without the material cultural foundation. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty respected Confucianism alone, it became an integral part of Chinese new culture. At this point, the North and South cultures blended and promoted each other, creating a splendid civilization of the Chinese nation.