What is the meaning of "defense of the barbarians and the Xia"?

The most representative of the "defense of the barbarians and the summer," the idea that the natural and geographical barrier between China and the barbarians as well as the economic and cultural disparities, so that the Chinese dynasty of the "four barbarians" can only be "prepared to defend the "Therefore, the Central Plains Dynasty can only interval "China and the barbarians", excluding "barbarians" in the Chinese outside. Previously cited Tang Dynasty historians in the "Book of Jin - Liu Yao biography" in a paragraph of the "Minister of History said" ("He Rong Di, human face and animal heart, to see the profit is to abandon the ruler and relatives, in the wealth is to forget the benevolence and righteousness of the person also. Cast far away, still afraid of foreign invasion, and in the Feng Qi, prying me in the provocation"), in fact, also originated from Ban Gu's this idea. According to this idea, the ruler of "China" (the Central Plains) should not cause harm to the people of the Central Plains by conquering the "barbarians", and the "barbarians" should not do harm to China, and should not challenge the political order of the great unity of the world. The best thing is for the two to live in peace and harmony without interfering in the political order of the unification of the world. Precisely because of the lack of a clear understanding of the complexity and long-term nature of the national struggle, the best prescription for the rulers of successive generations of thinkers is to "hustle" and "segregate".

The so-called "hustle" is to reject by force, because in the pattern of "Yi Xia" antagonism, "four barbarians" as the center of the ancient Chinese border problems, often affecting the stability of the central position of the Central Plains. The stability of the central position of the Central Plains, so, in the intensification of ethnic conflicts, the advanced culture of the Central Plains by the impact, the best way is to flaunt the "Zun Wang Xieyi" banner, "China" united around a political center, *** with the response to the impact of the crisis of the borders to the The impact of the border crisis to the Chinese culture, "keep the plug" blockade, legitimate defense, with the use of force to the "four barbarians" excluded from the Chinese outside, in order to protect the Chinese civilization. Historically, Emperor Qin Shi Huang made Meng Tian "build the Great Wall in the north and guard the fence", and Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty made Fan Kuai guard the border and "not to go out of the plug", which are all examples of "resisting the barbarians". Han Wendi practice is more typical, at that time, even if the Xiong Nu large-scale invasion of the border, the Han Dynasty also only send car riders to meet, "so that the border to prepare for the defense, do not send troops to go deep", once the Xiong Nu retreated to the outside of the plug, the Han side is also immediately stopped, do not pursue, that is to say, just "punishment and defense", and does not advocate a strategic counterattack! The first is that the Xiong Nu is not a "good" fighter, but a "good" fighter, and it does not advocate a strategic counterattack or extermination.

As for the "separation", reflected in the practice of border control, is the strict ethnic boundaries, that is, as far as possible, will be the Central Plains and the frontier "four barbarians" isolated, in the two strictly separated from the boundary, each not involved.

Successive feudal dynasties in order to separate the barbarians and the summer, took a variety of measures, such as "building walls and solid plugs", cut off the two sides of the market, the absolute and relatives, and so on. One of the most famous is the construction of the Great Wall. Since the Warring States period, the northern countries began to build the Great Wall "to reject Hu" began, "repair wall" is almost all generations of feudal dynasties **** with the cause. In the nearly two thousand years from the Qin Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, the feudal dynasties not only in the Great Wall inside and outside the vast area of the establishment of a variety of military and administrative institutions, but also many times building or repairing the Great Wall. During the Qin, Han, Sui and Ming dynasties, the Great Wall was built over 10,000 miles. In order to achieve the effect of "using the wall to control the riders", the Qin Dynasty, after repelling the Xiongnu, built the Great Wall to secure the border, so to speak, because of the danger of the key areas, and built a city to set up defenses to secure the border, so-called "Qin Shi Huang hustled the Rongdi, built the Great Wall, the boundary of China. Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty to "tart the four barbarians" famous, but for the defense of Xiong Nu, but also twice in the north to build a large-scale national defense project - "border fortress". Han Dynasty "border fortress" is a city that includes barricades, passes, piers, beacons and grain and fodder arsenal and other military facilities, with combat, command, observation, communication, concealment and other integrated functions, and configure the garrison for long-term guarding of the line of defense engineering system. Wei Jin and North and South Dynasties, Northern Wei for the defense of Zoran, Northern Qi, Northern Zhou for the defense of Turkic, also with the Great Wall defense. After the unification of the Sui Dynasty, before and after three large-scale construction of the Great Wall to strengthen the northern fortifications, consolidation of border defense, "edge of the side to repair security, the Great Wall in order to prepare for the". Tang Dynasty in the early period, in order to guard against the southward movement of the East Turkestan, also in the Sui Dynasty has been on the basis of border defense facilities, construction and repair of the border city, and in the Hetao region of present-day Inner Mongolia, the northern bank of the Yellow River built three "surrendered city" and a number of ancillary facilities. The construction of these cities and beacons was not much different from the construction of the Great Wall by other dynasties. Similar city defense constructions were even more frequent in the late Tang Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty built the Great Wall on a large scale in order to prevent the attacks of Tartars and Wabis, and since the beginning of the Hongwu Dynasty, it has taken more than 200 years to repair and complete the "border wall" which is more than 10,000 miles long. in April 2000, our cultural relics experts also discovered the Miao Great Wall which was built in the 43rd year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty, and is located in the Hunan-Guizhou border area. The Great Wall is located in the border area of Hunan and Guizhou, starting from Tingziguan at the border with Tongren of Guizhou, going through the north and south of Fenghuang County, and extending to the Magpie Camp of Baojing County, with a total length of more than 380 kilometers. Its construction lasted through the Ming and Qing dynasties, before and after the continuation of 400 years. Historically, the more national strength of the dynasty, such as the Eastern Han Dynasty, Song Dynasty, Ming Dynasty, as well as the end of each dynasty, the more is the big talk of "razor-sharp", "peace for the first", keen to "build walls" and, "solid blockade". "solid plug", the establishment of multi-layered defense system, pursuing a negative defense strategy.

Even if the ethnic minorities to dominate the Central Plains, will follow the construction of the Great Wall for defense. Such as the Jin Dynasty established by the female genitalia in the destruction of the Northern Song Dynasty after the occupation of North China, in its northern border from the northeast (Heilongjiang) to the southwest (Dachingshan) more than a thousand kilometers along the border area to set up the fortress, stationing troops and horses, and even the fortress to build the Great Wall, known as the "boundary trench".