What are the main production processes of glass?

The production technology of glass mainly includes the following points:

1, raw material pretreatment. Bulk raw materials (quartz sand, soda ash, limestone, feldspar, etc. ) crushing, drying wet raw materials, removing iron-containing raw materials, and ensuring the quality of glass.

2. Batch preparation.

Step 3 melt. The glass batch is heated at high temperature (1550~ 1600℃) in a tank kiln or crucible kiln to form uniform, bubble-free liquid glass that meets the molding requirements.

4. In the process of forming. Processing liquid glass into products with required shapes, such as flat plates and various utensils.

5. Heat treatment. Through annealing, quenching and other processes, the internal stress, phase separation or crystallization of glass are eliminated or produced, and the structural state of glass is changed.

Extended data:

Processing method of frosted glass:

First, lay the flat glass to be processed flat on the workbench with tweed or cotton blanket, then pile a proper amount of fine emery on the surface of the glass, use a coarse porcelain bowl to reverse the emery, and gently press the bottom of the bowl with both hands to push it around.

It can also be polished with a millstone with a higher terrazzo floor. The grinding operation should gradually move from the four peripheral corners to the middle until the glass surface is polished into a uniform milky white, so as to achieve the effect of light transmission and non-perspective.

Emerging technologies:

1. The nail glass successfully developed by Mitsubishi Electronic Instrument Laboratory in Japan is made of boric acid glass powder and carbon fiber mixed and heated to 1000 degrees Celsius. Using cemented carbide to strengthen glass, there is no fragile weakness, nailing nails and wooden screws, and there is no need to worry about breaking them.

2, non-reflective glass. The non-reflective glass developed by Short Glass Company in Germany has a light reflectivity of only 1% (8% for ordinary glass), thus solving the problems of glass reflection and glare headache.

3. Safety glass. The glass developed by a research institute in Hungary has a multi-layer structure, with extremely thin metal wires embedded in each layer. In case the thief breaks the glass, the alarm system connected with the metal wire will send out an alarm signal immediately.

References:

Glasses-Baidu Encyclopedia