Grammar school

Traditional grammar, teaching school grammar and normative grammar. Grammar is divided into morphology and syntax, with morphology as the main basis for word segmentation, and attention should be paid to learning paradigm written language.

Descriptive grammar, also called structural grammar, is formed on the basis of criticizing traditional grammar. It distinguishes language from speech, cognition and diachrony of language, regards language as a structural system, emphasizes the hierarchy of language structure, and puts forward the analysis of syntactic structure by composition analysis. Through induction, it is proposed to divide parts of speech according to distribution and substitution.

Generative grammar, also known as transformational grammar or formal grammar, distinguishes language ability from language use, divides language structure into deep structure and surface structure, and puts forward that grammar rules are self-sufficient. Emphasis is placed on the study of the commonness of human languages.

Functional grammar is devoted to clarifying the relationship between form and function. Based on the functional view of natural language, it pays attention to the function of language in communication, distinguishes semantic function, syntactic function and pragmatic function, and focuses on the concept of semantic level, interpersonal and textual metafunction, and the unit category structure of lexical grammar level.

Cognitive grammar denies that grammar is self-sufficient, thinks that cognition and semantics are the internal motivation of language to form its syntactic structure, and points out that human cognition is universal and different.