Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional stories - What are the common expressions in the poems about New Year greetings?
What are the common expressions in the poems about New Year greetings?
Sticking Spring Festival couplets and door gods
It is said that the custom of pasting Spring Festival couplets began in the post-Shu period about 1000 years ago, which is proved by history. In addition, according to the Jade Candle Collection and the Chronicle of Yanjing, the original form of Spring Festival couplets is what people call "Fu Tao". In the ancient mythology of China, it is said that there is a ghost world, in which there is a mountain, a big peach tree covering three thousand miles, and a golden rooster at the top of the tree. Whenever the golden rooster crows in the morning, the ghost who travels at night will rush back to the ghost domain. The Gate of Ghost Domain is located in the northeast of Peach Tree District. There are two gods standing by the door, named Shen Tu and Lei Yu. If the ghost does something unnatural at night, Shen Tu and Lei Yu will immediately find it, catch it, tie it up with a rope made of Miscanthus and give it to the tiger. So all the ghosts in the world are afraid of Shen Tu and Lei Yu. So people carved them into peach trees and put them at their doorsteps to ward off evil spirits and prevent harm. Later, people simply carved the names of Shen Tu and Lei Yu on the mahogany board, thinking that this could also eliminate disasters. This kind of red board was later called "Fu Tao". Qin and Weichi Gong.
In the Song Dynasty, people began to write couplets on mahogany boards, one for killing evil spirits, the other for expressing good wishes, and the third for decorating the portal for beauty. They also write couplets on red paper symbolizing happiness and good luck, and stick them on both sides of doors and windows during the Spring Festival to express people's good wishes for good luck in the coming year. In order to pray for the longevity of the family, people in some places still keep the habit of sticking up doors. It is said that there are two door gods posted on the gate, and all monsters will be afraid. In the folk, the door god is a symbol of justice and strength. The ancients thought that people with strange looks often had magical temperament and extraordinary skills. They are honest and kind, and it is their nature and responsibility to catch ghosts and demons. Zhong Kui, a ghost hunter who is highly regarded by people, is such a strange look. Therefore, the folk door gods are always glaring and ferocious, holding all kinds of traditional weapons in their hands, ready to fight against ghosts who dare to come to the door. Because the doors of China's house are usually two opposite doors, the door gods are always paired. After the Tang Dynasty, besides peace, people also regarded Qin and Weichi Gong, two military commanders in the Tang Dynasty, as gatekeepers. According to legend, Emperor Taizong was ill, heard ghosts screaming outside, and stayed up all night. So he asked the two generals to stand by with weapons in their hands, and there was no ghost harassment the next night. Later, Emperor Taizong had the images of these two generals painted and pasted on the door, and this custom began to spread widely among the people.
The Legend of Fu Tao
Fu Tao
In the Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi wrote in the poem "January Day": "Every day, new peaches are always replaced with old ones." Describe the light on the first day. The "peach" and "symbol" in the poem are intertextual, which means that the new peach symbol is always replaced by the old one-the old one is replaced by the new one. There is a beautiful legend about Fu Tao. Long ago, Dushuo Mountain in the East China Sea had beautiful scenery, and there was a peach forest on the mountain. Among them, there is a huge peach tree, flourishing and winding for three thousand miles. Peaches are big and sweet. If people eat peaches from trees, they can become immortals. One dark night, a ghost with blue face and fangs, red hair and green eyes tried to steal Xiantao. The owners of Taolin, Shen Tu and Lei Yu, used peach branches to play ghosts, tied ghosts with straw ropes and fed tigers to watch the mountains. From then on, the names of the two brothers scared ghosts and became immortals who specialized in punishing evil and promoting good after death. Later generations painted two immortals, Shen Tu and Lei Yu, on a mahogany board one inch wide and seven or eight inches long to ward off evil spirits. This kind of red board is called "Fu Tao". With the changes of the times, Fu Tao itself is changing. Later, people wrote the names of two immortals on the Fu Tao instead of portraits. Later, it developed into "Inscription of Fu Tao", that is, short poems with equal words, symmetrical structure and corresponding meanings were inscribed on Fu Tao, which was the predecessor of Spring Festival couplets.
Ancient New Year cards
New Year cards, which are popular in modern society, have been implemented in ancient China. As early as the Song Dynasty, New Year greeting cards, as a special way of greeting the New Year, were used between the families and relatives of imperial nobles and literati, and were called "famous thorns" or "famous stickers". It is to cut plum blossom stationery into cards about two inches wide and three inches long, and write your name and address on them. A red paper bag called "door book" is attached to each door, with the owner's name written on it to receive the name thorn (name sticker). The worshippers write their names on the register, which means to pay a New Year call. Its meaning is the same as that of modern New Year cards.
23rd and 24th of the month.
Xiaonian Kitchen God (16) The 23rd or 24th of the twelfth lunar month, also called Xiaonian, is the day when people worship the kitchen. The folk song "Twenty-three, Melon Stick" refers to the sacrificial stove on the 23rd or 24th of the twelfth lunar month every year. There is a saying that "officials, three people, four boatmen and five", that is, on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, the government held a sacrifice to the kitchen, on the 24th, the general public, and on the 25th, the boat was built. Off-year is the beginning and foreshadowing of the whole Spring Festival celebration, and there are two main activities: sweeping the New Year and offering sacrifices to stoves. In addition, there is the custom of eating stove candy. In some places, we also eat fire, sugar cakes, oil cakes and tofu soup. Offering sacrifices to stoves is a very popular custom in China. In the past, almost every kitchen had a kitchen god. People call this god "the Bodhisattva who commands life" or "the stove commands life". It is said that he is the "Nine-day East Chef Commanding the Kitchen Palace" sealed by the Jade Emperor, who is responsible for managing the kitchen fires of various families and is worshipped as the patron saint of the family. Kitchen shrines are mostly located in the north or east of the kitchen, with the idol of Kitchen God in the middle. Some people who don't have the niche of the Kitchen King even put the idol directly on the wall. Some gods only draw a kitchen god, while others have two men and women. The goddess is called "Grandma Chef". The sacrificial furnace on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month is closely related to the New Year in China. Because, a week later, on New Year's Eve, Kitchen God came to the world with good or bad luck that the whole family should get, and steamed steamed steamed buns with other gods (19). Kitchen God is considered to guide the gods in the sky. Other gods have ascended to heaven after the Chinese New Year, and only Kitchen God will stay in other people's kitchens for a long time. The ceremony of welcoming God is called "receiving God", and the kitchen god is called "receiving kitchen". Generally, it is New Year's Eve to pick up the kitchen, and the ceremony is much simpler. At that time, just put on a new stove lamp and burn incense in front of the stove niche. As the saying goes, "Men don't Yue Bai, women don't sacrifice to the kitchen". In some places, women don't sacrifice stoves. It is said that the kitchen god looks like a small white face and is afraid of women offering sacrifices to the kitchen stove, which is "suspected of men and women." People pay attention to eating jiaozi on the Festival of Sacrificing Kitchen, which means "Look at the windward side of jiaozi". Eat more cakes and buckwheat noodles in mountainous areas. In the southeast of Shanxi, the custom of eating fried corn is popular. There is a saying in the folk proverb called "Twenty-three, don't eat fried corn, pour a pot at the beginning of the new year". People like to bond fried corn with maltose and freeze it into pieces, which tastes crisp and sweet. After the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month, every household should steam steamed bread. Generally speaking, it can be divided into two types: worshipping God and visiting relatives. The former is solemn, while the latter is gorgeous. Especially to make a jujube hill for Kitchen God. "A steamed bread, neighbors to help". This is often a great opportunity for folk women to show their dexterity. Steamed bread is a handicraft. After writing Spring Festival couplets on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, every household should write Spring Festival couplets. People pay attention to it, and God will stick it, and doors will stick it, and things will stick it, so Spring Festival couplets have the largest number and the most complete content. The couplets in front of the statues are particularly particular, and they are mostly words of admiration and blessing. The vulgar god is the god of heaven and earth, "the grace of heaven is as deep as the sea, and the virtue of posting Spring Festival couplets (twenty pieces) is as heavy as a mountain"; The land god "white jade is born in the soil, and gold is born in the ground"; God of wealth "God of wealth in heaven, God of wealth on earth"; Jing Shenlian "The well can pass through the four seas, and the home can pass through the three rivers". The Spring Festival couplets in granaries and barns all express warm congratulations and hopes, such as "five crops are abundant and six livestock are prosperous"; "The rice surface is as thick as a mountain, and the oil and salt are as deep as the sea"; "Nanshan cattle are like tigers, Beihai Ma Rulong"; "Big sheep flourish every year, and little sheep increase every month" and so on. There are also some single couplets, such as "Looking up to see happiness" in each room, "Going out to see happiness" across the door, "Prosperity is soaring to the sky" on the fire, "The courtyard is full of gold" on the tree, and "Deep-rooted foliage" on the stone mill. The couplets on the gate are the facade of a family, which are particularly exquisite, lyrical or picturesque, rich in content and witty. Eating stove candy is a kind of maltose, which is very sticky. The candy that is drawn into a long strip is called "Guandong Sugar", and the candy that is drawn into a flat circle is called "Tanggua". When it is placed outside in winter, because of the cold weather, the honeydew melon is solidified firmly, and there are some tiny bubbles in it, which tastes crisp and sweet and has a special flavor. The real kwantung candy is too hard to break. Be sure to split it with a kitchen knife when eating. The material is very heavy and fine. The taste is slightly sour, there is no honeycomb in the middle, each piece weighs one or two, two or four, and the price is relatively expensive. Sugar, sesame sugar and non-sesame sugar. Sugar is made into melon shape or north melon shape. The center is empty and the skin thickness is less than five points. Although the size is different, the transaction is still calculated by weight. The big honeydew melon weighs one or two Jin, but few people buy it as a cover. After sweeping the dust and holding the stove festival, we officially began to prepare for the New Year. Dust removal is year-end cleaning, which is called "house cleaning" in the north and "dust removal" in the south. It is a traditional habit of China people to paste New Year pictures (19) before the Spring Festival. Clean thoroughly outside, in front of and behind the house to welcome the Spring Festival. The custom of "sweeping the house with dust on the 24th of the twelfth lunar month" has a long history. According to Lu Chunqiu, China had the custom of sweeping dust during the Spring Festival in the Yao and Shun era. According to the folk saying, because of the homonym of "dust" and "Chen", sweeping dust in the Spring Festival means "getting rid of the old and not being new", and its original intention is to sweep away all "unlucky" and "unlucky". This custom has placed people's desire to break the old and create new ones and their prayers to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new.
1February 29th, New Year's Eve
The night on the last day of the twelfth lunar month, that is, the last day of the lunar year (30 days old and 29 days old) is called "New Year's Eve". It is connected with the Spring Festival (the first day of the first month), which is a day for people to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Because the big moon has 30 days and the small moon has only 29 days, the date of New Year's Eve is different. But this day, whether it is 29 or 30, is customarily called "New Year's Eve". On New Year's Eve, the whole family get together to have a New Year's Eve dinner (the last meal of the Lunar New Year). After New Year's Eve, there is a custom of giving lucky money and staying up on New Year's Eve, which means from the last day of the lunar new year to the first day of the following year. During the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, a ceremony of "exorcism" was held in the palace at the end of each year to beat drums to drive away epidemic ghosts, which was called "banishment". Later, the day before New Year's Eve was called "small exorcism". New Year's Eve is New Year's Eve, that is, New Year's Eve. Legend has it that this night is the time when the gods in heaven are in the lower world, so there is a custom of receiving gods among the people. Heaven and earth table is a temporary table, which is specially designed for New Year's Eve, and is mainly used to receive gods. Generally, there is no big Buddhist temple house to pay special attention to, because there are few sacrifices to the Buddha at ordinary times, and a large reward should be given to the Buddha at the end of the year. The content of Heaven and Earth Table is different from that of perennial Buddhist temples. Except for some hanging money, incense sticks, five sacrifices and big sacrifices, most of the idols worshipped are temporary, such as Percentage, which is a woodcut idol album. "Eighteen Buddhas and Gods in the Three Realms of Heaven and Earth", a complete book of color printing, and woodcut on rhubarb fringed paper; Fu Lushou Samsung photo, etc. Some of the above images will be incinerated after receiving the gods, such as "percentage", and some will not be incinerated until the evening shift or even the Lantern Festival. The position of the table is not uniform. For example, the room is spacious and can be put in the house. If there is no land at home, put it in the yard. Eating New Year's Eve and watching the Spring Festival Gala (Figure 6) are also the time when children play and set off firecrackers, and housewives are the busiest time in the kitchen. All the dishes on the New Year's Eve were cooked a few days ago, and the chef always cooked the New Year's Eve. In the north, jiaozi on the first day of New Year's Day will also be wrapped up on the evening of 30th. At this time, everyone's chopping boards are busy chopping meat and vegetables. At this time, the sound of chopping boards in every household, firecrackers in streets and alleys, abacus and accounting sounds in small shops are full of laughter and laughter, one after another, echoing, interwoven into a cheerful movement on New Year's Eve. Eating New Year's Eve is the most lively and enjoyable time for every household in the Spring Festival. On New Year's Eve, a table is full of rich New Year's dishes, and the family get together, sit around the table and have a reunion dinner. The sense of accomplishment in my heart is beyond words. People not only enjoy the delicious food on the table, but also enjoy the happy atmosphere. There are big dishes, cold dishes, stir-fried dishes and snacks on the table. Generally, two things are indispensable, one is hot pot and the other is fish. The hot pot is boiling, steaming, warm and sultry, which indicates that it is thriving; "Fish" and "fish" are homophonic, symbolizing "more happiness and more celebration" and also meaning "more than one year". There are also radishes, commonly known as vegetable heads. Good luck. Lobster, fried fish and other fried foods, wish your family prosperity, such as "cooking oil with fire." Finally, dessert, I wish the future sweet. Even if you can't drink on this day, you can drink a little. There are many kinds of New Year's Eve dinners, including jiaozi, wonton, long noodles and Yuanxiao. , and each has its own emphasis. Northerners are used to eating jiaozi during Chinese New Year (the custom of eating jiaozi was handed down from the Han Dynasty), which means "making friends when young". Because the white flour jiaozi is shaped like a silver ingot, the pots on the table symbolize the meaning of "getting rich in the New Year, and the ingots are rolling in". Some wrapped jiaozi and some coins sterilized with boiling water, saying that whoever ate first would make more money. Eating wonton in the New Year is based on its original meaning. Legend has it that the world was in chaos before it was created, and Pangu began to create the universe. Long noodles, also known as longevity noodles, eat noodles in the New Year and wish you a long life. Watching the Spring Festival Gala is not an ancient custom, but since 1980s, due to the popularity of television, it has become an indispensable cultural feast for China people. Every year, more than/kloc-0.0 billion people around the world watch the Spring Festival Gala on TV or the Internet. Since the Han Dynasty, the alternation between the old and the new year is usually at midnight, and celebrating the New Year's Eve is one of the most important custom activities every year. The custom of observing the old age has a long history, which was first seen in the local chronicles of the Western Jin Dynasty: on New Year's Eve, all parties give gifts to each other, which is called "giving back the old age"; Wine and food are invited, which is called "not old"; Young and old get together to drink and wish a complete song called "age division"; Everyone stays up all night, waiting for dawn. This is the so-called "shou sui". On New Year's Eve, the whole family get together, eat New Year's Eve, light candles or oil lamps, sit around the stove and chat, wait for the time to bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new year, and keep vigil all night, which symbolizes driving away all evil diseases and epidemics and looking forward to good luck in the new year. This custom gradually became popular. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, wrote a poem "Shou Sui": "Cold words and winter snow, warm with spring breeze". To this day, people are used to celebrating the New Year's Eve. In ancient times, observing the age has two meanings: the old man's observing the age means "resigning from the old", which means cherishing time; Young people keep their age in order to prolong the life of their parents. Receiving God means dividing the old year into the new year, but the time of receiving God is not uniform. Some people begin to hold ceremonies as soon as their children arrive, some people begin to receive gods at midnight when their children are "right", and some people do so after their children are "right". After the sacrifice, the immortals from all walks of life returned to the Heavenly Palace, ignoring worldly affairs, and after New Year's Eve, that is, when the New Year came, they came to the world for deliberation. The ceremony of receiving gods was held at the table of heaven and earth, presided over by the oldest person in the family. Because the immortals live in different directions in heaven, the lower bound naturally comes in different directions. As for who to meet and where to come from, we should check the "constitution book" in advance, lead the whole family to hold incense in the yard, and follow their instructions to meet the gods. For example, Xin Weinian's "Constitution Book" states that "God of Wealth is due east, God of Wealth is due south, you God is northeast, West God is southwest, and Tai Sui God is southwest". After kowtowing according to the position, stand still until the incense is exhausted, and then kowtow. Finally, take down the fragrant roots, idols and ingots, put them into the money and grain pots already prepared in the yard, and burn them with pine branches and sesame stalks. When the gods were closed, firecrackers exploded and the atmosphere was extremely strong. After stepping on God, sesame stalks are spread from the street gate to the door of the house, and people walk on them and make a noise, which is called "stepping on the age" or "stepping on God". Because "broken" and "treasure" are homophonic, it means that the new year begins to exorcise evil spirits. In the old society, since the financial door was opened at midnight during the Spring Festival, people have sent the God of Wealth. The god of wealth shouted outside the door with a piece of paper in his hand, "Here comes the man who sent the god of wealth!" " At this time, the owner of the house welcomed the arrival of the god of wealth and gave the reward to the bearer. Say something auspicious when sending the god of wealth, such as "gold and silver treasures are rolling in!" There are a pair of golden lions on the left and a pair of golden phoenix on the right. In addition, some people dressed in red robes, gauze hats, beards on their mouths, yellow cloth bags on their backs, dressed as the god of wealth, followed by several drummers, and distributed statues of the god of wealth from door to door as a reward. Every time I go to someone's door, I will sing a bunch of auspicious words, such as "the left compartment is full of gold and silver, and the right compartment is full of treasure", until the owner happily takes over the statue of the god of wealth and gives them some money. These talents thank each other and fight harder later. In the sound of gongs and drums, go to another house.
The first day of the lunar new year
Setting off firecrackers (1 1) was originally called "New Year's Day", and the original meaning of "yuan" was "head", and later it was extended to "start". This day is the first day of the year, the first day of spring and the first day of the first month, so it is called "Sanyuan". Because this day is still the old dynasty, the moon dynasty and the Japanese dynasty, it is also called the "three dynasties"; Because it is the first Shuori, it is also called "Yuanshuo". On the first day of the first month, there are other nicknames, such as Shangri-La, Zheng Chao, Sanshuo and Shisan, which means the beginning of a year, January and a day. In the morning of the Spring Festival, firecrackers are set off first, which is called "setting off firecrackers". After the firecrackers, it was smashed all over the place, and it was called "full house". At this time, the streets were full of anger and joy. On the first day of the new year, men get up early, put on their most beautiful clothes, dress neatly, go out to visit relatives and friends, and wish each other a happy New Year. There are many ways to pay New Year's greetings, some of which are led by the same patriarch from door to door. Some colleagues invited several people to pay New Year greetings; Others get together to congratulate each other. This is called "group worship". Because it takes time and effort to pay New Year greetings at home, some elites and scholars later congratulated each other with famous cards, thus developing the later "New Year cards". When paying New Year greetings during the Spring Festival, the younger generation should first pay New Year greetings to their elders and wish them health and longevity. The elders can distribute the lucky money prepared in advance to the younger generation. It is said that lucky money can kill evil spirits, because "old" and "special" are homophonic, and the younger generation can spend a year safely with lucky money. There are two kinds of lucky money, one is to put colored rope in the shape of Jackie Chan at the foot of the bed, which was recorded in Yanjing year; The other is the most common, that is, parents wrap the money distributed to their children in red paper. Lucky money can be given in public after the younger generation pays New Year's greetings, or it can be secretly put under the child's pillow by parents when the child falls asleep on New Year's Eve. It is still very popular for elders to give lucky money to younger generations. New Year's Lucky Money (65,438+07) In the old days, people used the sunny weather in the first few days of the new government to make up for this year's shortcomings. Its theory began in Dong Fangshuo's "Year", which means that eight days after the year, one day is chicken day, two days are dogs, three days are pigs, four days are sheep, five days are cows, six days are horses, seven days are people and eight days are valleys. If it is sunny, things that belong to it will breed, if it is cloudy, the days that belong to it will not last long. Later generations follow their habits and think that the weather is sunny from the first day to the tenth day, and there is no wind or snow for good luck. Later generations developed from the occupation era to a series of sacrifices and celebrations. Drinking Tu Su wine and Tu Su wine is a kind of medicinal liquor. In the ancient custom, the whole family drank Tu Su wine on January Day to eliminate unhealthy tendencies. Tu Su wine is made by hanging rhubarb, platycodon grandiflorum, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Cinnamomum cassia, Cornus officinalis and Saposhnikovia divaricata in a well, picking them at the end of Yuan Dynasty and cooking them with the wine for four or five times. In ancient times, Tu Su wine was drunk in a unique way. Most people drink alcohol, always starting from the elderly; But drinking Tu Su wine is just the opposite, starting with the smallest. Perhaps young people grow up day by day, drinking first to congratulate them, and old people drinking late to retain them. Su Zhe, a writer in the Song Dynasty, wrote in his poem "In addition to Japan" that "it has been more than 70 years since Tu Su drank the last drink every year", which is a custom. In ancient times, this unique drinking order often caused people to have various emotions, so it left a deep impression on people. It is said that broom's birthday is on the first day of the first month. You can't use a broom on this day, otherwise it will sweep away luck, ruin money, attract "broom stars" and bring bad luck. If you must sweep the floor, you must sweep it from the outside to the inside. Don't throw water on the garbage on this day, for fear of breaking the money. Today, many places still have the custom of cleaning up New Year's Eve. On the first day of New Year's Day, there was no broom or garbage, and a large barrel of wastewater was prepared to avoid splashing outside that day.
The second day of the first lunar month.
On the second day of the first month (the third day of the first month in northern China), married daughters will take their husbands and children back to their parents' homes to pay New Year greetings. When a daughter returns to her mother's house, there must be a big bag of biscuits and sweets distributed by her mother to her neighbors, just like the scene of the New Year. If there are many daughters at home, and these daughters don't come back on the same day, then we must share one at a time. The gift is quite thin, just four biscuits. But it shows a strong feeling of returning to my parents' home (15 photos). What is the real "courtesy is light and affection is heavy", which expresses the girl's yearning for the villagers. When the girl goes home, if there is a nephew at home, menstruation has to pay again. Although she gave lucky money on New Year's Day, this time it had a different meaning. This custom is called "eating midnight snack" by Chaoshan people. As the name implies, it's just lunch, and the daughter must get back to her husband's house before dinner. Sacrifice to the God of Wealth (North) In the north, the God of Wealth is sacrificed on the second day of the first month. On this day, both commercial shops and ordinary families will hold activities to worship the god of wealth. Families offered sacrifices to the God of Wealth who arrived on New Year's Eve. In fact, the bought rough printed matter was incinerated. I want to eat wonton at noon this day, commonly known as "Yuanbao soup". Fish and mutton were used as sacrifices. On this day, big businesses in old Beijing held large-scale sacrificial activities, offering sacrifices with "five sacrifices", that is, whole pig, whole sheep, whole chicken, whole duck and red live carp, hoping to make a fortune this year.
On the third day of the first month
The third day of the first month is the day when Nu Wa herded sheep, so it is called "Sheep Day". On this day, people cannot kill sheep. If the weather is good, it means that sheep will be raised well and sheep farmers will have a good harvest this year. Burning Door-god Paper In the old society, the pine and cypress branches hanging on the New Year's Festival were burned together with the door-god stationery on the third day to show that one year had passed and it was time to start business again. As the saying goes, "if you burn the janitor's paper, one will seek physiology." Xiaomi Birthday People think that the third day of the first month is Xiaomi's birthday. On this day, people hope to sacrifice and pray for the new year, and do not eat rice. In the early years, it was Tianqing Festival. The court festival in the Song Dynasty, the first year of Song Zhenzong Dazhong Xiangfu, was spread all over the world because of the gobbledygook, so Zhenzong issued an imperial edict, which designated the third day of the first month as Tianqing Festival, and officials and others had five days off. Later, it was called Xiaonian Dynasty, which did not sweep the floor, beg for fire or draw water, just like the old dynasty. Sticking "Red Mouth" In the south of China, it is necessary to stick "Red Mouth" (forbidden mouth) on the morning of New Year's Eve, thinking that this day is prone to quarrels and is not suitable for New Year's greetings. The so-called "red mouth" is usually a red note about seven or eight inches long and one inch wide, on which are written some words of peace and good luck (format: "On the third day of the first month of 1994, the front door of the gods should be nailed down, and every man and woman who steals Mars will be rewarded"). One is posted on the top of the front and back doors, and the other is picked out and thrown out on the garbage. These rubbish are all piled up on the second day of the first grade, and they should be cleaned up and dumped together by the third grade. Otherwise, it is equivalent to the outflow of gold and silver at home. In a word, sticking a "red mouth" is to make people feel that they can go in and out safely all year round, will not quarrel with others, and will not encounter all kinds of unfortunate disasters, and make more money at home and all the best. "Send the Year" is usually held at night to send the gods and ancestors back to heaven.
The fifth day of the first month
the God of Wealth
The fifth day of the first month, commonly known as breaking the fifth. There is a folk custom of eating jiaozi, which means to make money and cherish it. According to the old habit of eating "dumplings" once every five days (called "boiled cakes" in the north), some people only eat them for three or two days, and some eat them every other day. However, there is nothing you can't eat. In ancient times, this was true from the royal residence to the small houses in the streets and even entertaining guests. Women no longer taboo, began to visit each other and congratulate each other. Newly married women go home on this day. Many taboos can be broken after folklore tells them on this day. It is not appropriate to do things on the day of the break, otherwise something will happen this year. In addition to the above taboos, the custom of breaking Mayday is mainly to send the poor, welcome the god of wealth and open the market for trade. Sacrifice to the God of Wealth (South) Southerners sacrifice to the God of Wealth on the fifth day of the first month. According to folklore, the God of Wealth is the Five Gods. The so-called five roads refer to the east, west, north and south, which means that you can get money when you go out of five doors. Every new year, people open doors and windows, burn incense, set off firecrackers and fireworks to welcome the god of wealth at 0: 00 on the fifth day of the first month. After receiving the god of wealth, everyone still has to eat road wine, often until dawn. Everyone is full of hope of getting rich. I hope the god of wealth can bring home gold and silver treasures in the new year and make a fortune. They say the sooner you meet the end of the road, the better. The first one you receive is the true god, which is particularly effective, so it is called "grabbing the road". In some places, the fourth day of January is really "grabbing the road" and it has become a custom. Sending people to poverty on the fifth day of the first month is a very distinctive custom in ancient China. It means offering sacrifices to poor ghosts (poor gods). Poor guy, also known as "poor boy", is said to be the son of Zhuan Xu. He is weak and short, and likes to wear rags and drink porridge. In hancheng city, Shaanxi Province, people should avoid going out on the fifth day, and roast fresh meat in a pot, and stir-fry beans to make them crack and make a sound. They think that they can break the poor and get rich. In addition, in the old New Year's Eve or the fifth day of the first month, you should eat very full, commonly known as "filling the poor pit". The popular custom of sending the poor reflects the traditional psychology of China people who generally hope to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new in the new year, send away the old poverty and hardships and welcome a better life. During the Spring Festival, shops of all sizes closed together from the first day of the lunar new year, but they opened on the fifth day of the first month. People are used to taking the fifth day of the first month as the holy day of the god of wealth, thinking that choosing this day to open the market will definitely make a fortune. The stock market also opened on this day.
The seventh day of the first month
The seventh day of the first month is People's Day, also called People's Victory Day, People's Celebration Day, Population Day and People's Seventh Day. Legend has it that Nu Wa created chickens, dogs, pigs, cows, horses and other animals to send fire at the beginning of creation, and then created people on the seventh day, so this day is the birthday of mankind. Some people began to observe daily customs in the Han dynasty, and they began to pay attention to it after the Wei and Jin Dynasties. In ancient times, people had the custom of "men winning". Men's victory is a headdress, also called Cai Sheng and Watson. Since the Jin Dynasty, people cut the ribbon for flowers, cut the ribbon for people, or carved gold foil for people to hang a screen and wear it in their hair. In addition, there is the custom of climbing high and writing poems. After the Tang Dynasty, more attention was paid to this festival. Every day, the emperor gave his ministers colorful victories and boarded a grand banquet. If the weather is fine on the seventh day of the first month, the population will be safe and smooth in the first year. On this day, people will eat "box vegetables" (a kind of cooked meat food) with spring pancake rolls and spread pancakes in the yard to smoke the sky. Eating Qibao soup is a soup made of seven kinds of vegetables. Eating it in people's days can bring good omen. It is said that it can dispel evil and cure diseases. Different places have different products, different fruits and vegetables and different meanings. Mustard, cabbage, leek, spring vegetables, celery, garlic and thick-petalled vegetables used in Chaoshan, Guangdong; Hakka people use celery, garlic, onion, coriander and leek to match fish. Spinach, celery, onion and garlic, leeks, mustard greens, shepherd's purse and Chinese cabbage are used in Taiwan Province Province and Fujian Province. Among them, celery and onion are smart, garlic is good at calculating, and mustard makes people live longer. Sending Vulcan to Shandong Peninsula is also called "sending Vulcan" on the seventh day of the first month. The child chooses a wooden stick about two meters long and binds it with wheat straw. This is the so-called Vulcan. At dusk, one end of Vulcan is lit at home, and the children run away from home with the other end of Vulcan until it burns out. This activity means to send Vulcan out of the house, and there will be no fire in the house within one year, which is very safe.
The eighth day of the first month
Legend has it that the eighth day is Xiaomi's birthday. If it's sunny this day, there will be a bumper harvest of rice this year. If it's cloudy, it's a sorry year. Shunxing Shunxing is also called offering sacrifices to stars. On the eighth night of the first month, no matter whether people go to the temple to burn incense to worship the star king (Shunxing), every household will hold a ceremony to worship Shunxing after the stars appear in the sky. When offering sacrifices to the stars, you should put a "golden lantern" (yellow snuff) Chinese knot (16) on the desk, stove, threshold, pot, etc., and light it, which is called "scattering lights and flowers", which means avoiding evil. After the sacrifice of the stars, the whole family got together for the Lantern Festival. Pray for release There is a "release" activity on the eighth day of the first month, which is to take some fish and birds raised at home outside and release them into the wild. In the Ming Dynasty, Dong Liu recorded in The Scenery of the Imperial Capital: "On the eighth day of the first month, birds, fish and shrimp in pots, snails and mussels were released in Shixing Lane. Luo tang qian, monks speak Sanskrit, thousands of people are opposite, and feathers are flying in the air. Evil falls on the house, but when they move, they leave. Things like water are thrown into the bamboo shoots and bait of Jinshui River in the imperial city. " The release on the eighth day of the eighth lunar month not only embodies the ancient people's morality of respecting nature and living in harmony, but also expresses people's good wishes for the prosperity of all things in the world at the beginning of the new year.
Early September
The tenth day of the first month
Eleventh day of the first month
The fifteenth day of the first month
Lantern Festival "Laba porridge"
New Year cake; rice cake
Jiaozi in North China
On the fifteenth night of the first lunar month; Lantern Festival; night of the 15th of the first lunar month；Lantern Festival；yuanxiao
spring pancake
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