Traditional Chinese Games

Traditional Chinese games include:

Leaf play: Leaf play is a game of cards, similar to the promotion of the figure, and the dice rolled to play, the earliest appeared in the Tang Dynasty, is considered to be the ancestor of poker, word tiles and mahjong. Leaf play is the world's earliest ancient poker prototype, poker's multiple origins of a variety of sayings, which is more accepted is the origin of modern poker in China's "leaf play". Leaf play in China has a long history, to the Qing Dynasty, the style and playing method has been basically perfect, and there is a gradual evolution to the horse hanging card said. Therefore, Dr. Joseph Lee, in his History of Science and Technology in China, attributed the invention of bridge to the Chinese.

Playing cards have their earliest origins in Chinese cards. According to legend, it was invented by Han Xin to ease the homesickness of his soldiers during the Chu-Han wars. At that time, the cards were only the size of leaves, which is why they were also called "Leaf Play", which is said to be the prototype of playing cards.

In the twelfth century, Marco Polo brought this card game from China to Europe, and it immediately aroused great interest among Europeans. At first, it was only a luxury for the aristocrats, but because it was inexpensive, played in a variety of ways and was easy to learn, it soon became popular among the people. Westerners have continued to innovate on the basis of Chinese cards, through several stages such as Sheng, Whist and Bridge, and finally evolved into the current playing cards.

Playing Horse Hanging: Horse Hanging is a kind of card made of paper, with a full deck of 40 cards, divided into four suits: 100,000 Guan, 10,000 Guan, Suo Zi and Wen Qian. Among them, Wan Guan, Suo Zi two colors from one to nine each; 100,000 Guan from 200,000 Guan to 900,000 Guan, and even million Guan, ten million Guan, ten thousand Guan each; money from one to nine, and even half of the text (also known as the branch of the flower), not the text (also known as the empty soup) each one. One hundred thousand Guan, ten thousand Guan cards painted with the Water Margin heroes, ten thousand Guan naturally assigned to Song Jiang, meaning that non-thieves can not be rich. The cards of Suo Zi and Wen Qian have the figures of Suo and Qian painted on them. The Horse Hanging tiles are played by four people, each of whom takes eight cards first and places the remaining eight in the center of the table. The four players take turns to play and take the cards, and the cards are played in a big way. Playing horse hanging card has a banker, idler division. The banker has no fixed master and can take turns. Thus, the three idlers attack the banker to make the banker. The origin of the name of this card has always been different. But according to this card is evolved from the horse, the card face painting and money related: money is money, consistent is a thousand Wenqian, rope is a rope through the money, that is, the money string; and in ancient times a thousand Wenqian is also called a hanging money, from which seems to be able to see the "horse" and "hanging" of the shadow. Shadow. If so, the meaning of the name "Knight's Cards" is self-evident, which translates as "Cards about Money"

Shogi: Shogi **** has eight kinds of pieces. As shown in the picture, the top row from left to right is the Dragon King, Flying Rook, King General, Jade General, Kakugo Row and Dragon Knight, while the bottom row from left to right is the Sung-hyang, Sung-hyang Rook, Sung-yin, Yi-gong, Jin-gong, Knight, Sung-gyu, Foot Soldier and Sung-kim.

When a game of shogi begins, each side has twenty pieces distributed as follows:

The configuration of the pieces in the diagram on the right can be expressed as follows:

1. The king's general (Jade General) is placed in the middle of the board, in the row closest to the player.

2. The two gold generals are placed next to the king general or jade general.

3. Two silver generals are placed next to the gold generals.

4. Two Gui Ma placed next to the Silver General.

5. Two fragrant carriages are placed next to the cinnamon horses.

6. In the second row, place a corner row on the left and a flying rook on the right. Below both pieces is the Gui knight.

7. All nine infantry pieces are placed on the third row.

Song, SimSun; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Mahjong: Shuffling: Turn the tiles all the way back so that they are face down. The player's hands rubbing the tiles to make them move evenly and in a disorderly manner is called "shuffling".

Yard cards: after shuffling evenly, each person yards 36 cards, two cards up and down on top of each other for a pier, each for 18 piers, and yards into a wall of cards in front of their own door, four people wall of cards left and right into a square.

Opening: In national standard mahjong, the dealer rolls the dice, and the total number of points obtained from the sum of the three dice is the base of the opening. With the dealer as the first, in counterclockwise order to count, count to the position of the points for the opening of the wall of tiles. From right to left in order to count to the same as the number of points of the pier, the dealer began to grab the next two pier cards, the next family and then in clockwise order to grab cards, until each person grabbed 3 times *** 12 cards, and then by the dealer jumped (every other pier) to grab the upper two cards, the other people in turn, each grabbed a card. The dealer **** has 14 cards and everyone else has 13 cards each.

Sorting, examining, and replacing hwatts: Sorting and organizing the cards in your hand, arranging them neatly, and examining the situation of the cards. If there is a flower card in the hand, the dealer will first make up the flower, i.e., take a card from the end of the wall of cards. The other three players will take their turn to make up the hwatu one by one, and if they come back with a hwatu, they will wait until the end of the round to make up the hwatu.

The line of cards: The line of cards is the process of playing cards. Starting with the first card played by the dealer, the process includes catching, playing, eating, touching, opening kongs (open kongs, concealed kongs), and mending until a draw or a drought.

Bouncing Chess: Bouncing Chess is an ancient chess game that became popular at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, and was initially prevalent mainly in the court and among the scholars. There is no unanimous conclusion as to when the game originated, but it is mostly believed to have been played during the Han Dynasty. When it was first created, it was only popular in the palace and was rarely seen in the society. At the end of Wang Mang's new regime, there was a great famine in the south, the Greens revolted in the south, the Red Eyebrows rebelled in the east, and the peasants' revolt overthrew Wang Mang's regime. Later, Liu Xiu took the opportunity to rise up, killed the Red Eyebrows and established the East Han regime. In this year of chaos, the game of chess naturally flowed into the civil society from the court. It was not until Emperor Zhang of the Eastern Han Dynasty that the game was revived in the palace. Since then, there were more and more people who liked to play chess, and they contributed to the popularization of the game by writing poems and songs about it, or by writing articles about it.

Simaroubouba: Simaroubouba is a kind of chess game which appeared in the end of Han Dynasty and flourished in ancient times after the six games of Boju, which was imported from foreign countries. The thrower used in the game was initially made of simarouba wood, so it was called simarouba. And because of this wooden throwing device system of five a group, so also called five wood of the play, or simply five wood.

. Shuanglu: Ancient Chinese Shuanglu is a chess game similar to gambling, the North and South Dynasties from West Asia, India, introduced to China, is said to be imported from India on the basis of the Polo Sai play, by the Cao Wei Prince Cao Zhi combination of the characteristics of six Bo created, the early stage of the two dice, the end of the Tang Dynasty and gradually added to the six. In the early stage, there were two dice, and after the end of the Tang Dynasty, the number was gradually increased to six. The double-landed dice were in the shape of a horse, and there were fifteen each of black and white. It was extremely popular during the Tang and Song dynasties, still common during the Yuan and Ming dynasties, and becoming less common during the Qing dynasty. Shuanglu is a rectangular game, different from the square game of Liubo and Weiqi, because there are six beams on each side of the game, hence the name Shuanglu. Shuangluzi is also called horse, divided into white and black colors, each with 15 pieces, in the shape of a pestle and mortar. There are also 2 dice. When the game is played, the white horse returns to the left from the right, the black horse returns to the right from the left, and the horse wins if it comes out first.

Chinese Chess: In the early days of Xiangqi, the chess system consisted of three kinds of instruments: chess, chopsticks, and bureaus. Two sides were in line, each side had six pieces, namely: lord, lu, pheasant, calf, and plug (two pieces). The pieces are carved from ivory. The chopsticks, equivalent to dice, are thrown before the game is played. The board is a square-shaped chessboard. During the game, "six chopsticks are thrown, six moves are made", and the players fight with each other, attacking and forcing each other to the death. During the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the military system was based on a five-member army, with one captain and six ****s, and the soccer game, which was used as military training at that time, was also played by six people from each side. It can be seen that early chess was a game that symbolized the battles of the time. On the basis of this system of chess, there later appeared a kind of chess play called "stuffing", only playing chess without throwing chopsticks, which got rid of the element of fluke victory in the early chess.

Chinese Chess is a kind of sport in which two people take turns to move the pieces and win by "killing" or "trapping" the opponent's general (marshal), and there are hundreds of millions of enthusiasts. It not only enriches cultural life, cultivate sentiment, but also helps to develop intelligence, enlighten thinking, exercise the ability to analyze and cultivate the tenacity of will.

When the game is played, the party holding the red piece goes first, and the two sides take turns to take a move each, until the winner, the loser, and the sum are decided, and the game is over. When it is the turn of the player to move a piece from one intersection to another, or to capture an opponent's piece and occupy its intersection, it is counted as a move. One move by each side is called a turn.

Cockfighting: In cockfighting, two ferocious roosters are put together, and they will peck and bite each other fiercely, and also strike their opponents with their spurs. If the two chickens have been fighting for a long time, there is a tired state, but also water will be sprayed to wake them up, so that it will be invigorated, re-entered the battle, until one of the roosters lost the battle. Cockfighting scene is quite intense, the two chickens fought hard to understand, the two sides, after the fight, the crown bleeding, crowing.

Cricket fighting: Cricket fighting is also known as the "autumn Xing", "Doo Zhiwei", "fighting crickets". Cricket fighting for fun recreational activities. Popular in most parts of the country. It is held at the end of fall every year. The lifespan of the cricket is only about 100 days, which limits the season of cricket fighting to the fall. In ancient Chinese characters, the word "autumn" is the symbol for crickets.

Cricket fighting began in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty.

During the Qing Dynasty, the activity became more and more elaborate, and the first crickets were required to be free of the "four diseases" (tilting the head, curling the whiskers, practicing the teeth, and kicking the legs) and the appearance of the color was also divided into inferiority and superiority, and the white was better than the black, the black was better than the red, and the red was better than the yellow. In the "Book of Poetry", which was deleted by Confucius two and a half thousand years ago, there is the chapter of "Cricket". Cricket is not a few people's means of gambling, it has been and fishing, bird breeding, planting flowers, the same as the majority of people interacting with each other, cultivating the cultural life, or can be called with oriental characteristics of the "cricket culture" it.

The Southern Song Dynasty is a famous era in the history of cricket. At this time, cricket is not limited to the capital, not limited to the nobility. Citizens, and even monks and nuns are also good at this play. Qing dynasty princes and nobles, is in the customs only after the beginning of the cricket game. Every year in the fall, the capital set up a wide shed field, the opening game of gambling. In the Japanese invasion of Beijing period, the temple fair in Beiping have sold cricket market, vendors less than dozens, more than hundreds, people come and go, bustling.

The spindle: playing spindle is a popular folk game in the north, with a length of about 10 centimeters, the diameter of about 4 centimeters of the wooden stick, will be sharpened at both ends. Just make a good spindle, draw a box on the ground, put the spindle into the box, and then use a stick (or knife-shaped board) to hit the head of the spindle. Make the spindle pop up, and then quickly hit the spindle to the distance. Another person picks up the spindle and throws it into the box. And so on. There is also group play.

Lantern riddles: Lantern riddles are riddles written on colorful lanterns, riddles originated from folk oral riddles, and later became riddles through the processing of the literati, which has a long history in China. During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, "hidden words" or "concealed speech" appeared. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, it became a kind of written creation. During the Three Kingdoms period, riddles were popular. In the Song Dynasty, lantern riddles appeared. People tied the riddles to colorful lanterns for people to guess. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, riddles were very popular among the people.

Fighting grass: the game is roughly as follows: the two sides of the game first pick each with a certain toughness of the grass, (Loulan case: more for the plantain, plantain perennial herbaceous plants, mostly born on the side of the road, next to the gully, the ridge, etc.). No stem, with most of the slender fibrous roots; leaves from the inter-root tufts, thin papery, with five main veins, entire or undulate, or sparse blunt teeth, up to 15-30 centimeters; with greenish-white sparsely flowers, corolla four-lobed, four stamens; fruit ripe will be lifted like a lid, releasing four to six brownish-black seeds, and its long flower axis, used to fight the grass of a good material.) Then cross each other into a "cross" shape and each pull with all their strength, in order to continue to win. This kind of human pull and the strength of the pull of the grass to determine the winners and losers of the grass fight, known as "wudou". Wang Jian "Palace Lyrics", aria fighting grass game situation: "celery leaves in the water, flowers in the soil, pick up will also be avoided, always waiting for other people like the number of exhaustion, sleeve flicked out of the yukon gold buds" fighting grass in addition to "martial arts", there is also a "literary fight "

The so-called "Wenduo", is the name of the flowers and grasses, the girls picked up grasses, in the form of fighting each other grass name, who picked more grasses, high level of fighting, stick to the end, who will win. So it's not a good idea to play this game without some knowledge of plants and literature.