When Sakyamuni opened Buddha, there should be no Buddha. When did the drawing and shaping of Buddha statues begin?

There were Buddha statues when the Buddha was alive.

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Changes of Siddhartha Gautama

He sat in the Jokhang Temple and the Golden Hall, with a bowl in his left hand and his knee in his right. His face is charitable, serene, his eyes droop, and his smile is silent, as if he were contemplating and staring, which makes people close and yearning. As long as you have been there once, you won't forget it!

He is the main god of Jokhang Temple, the essence of Tibetan Buddhism and the belief center of millions of Buddhist believers. Lhasa was originally named "Wotang, Xue Ji", which means the milk dam in the lower reaches of Jiqu River. It was renamed Lhasa because of this Buddha statue, which means the place where the Buddha lived. Its huge weight can be imagined!

People express their piety and worship to him in various ways. Every holy day, Lhasa people will come to worship Buddha as usual. They circled around Siddhartha Gautama, moving slowly in circles, from ancient times to the present, from morning till night, and never stopped. They prostrated themselves in front of Jokhang Temple. For thousands of years, the rough slate here has been polished as smooth as a mirror by the worshippers' bodies. Before they came to the Buddha statue, they put butter on the ever-burning lamp, offered Hada at the foot of the Buddha statue, and some people lit thousands of lamps and hundreds of lamps in front of the Buddha statue, repainted Sakyamuni's face and golden body with gold powder. In short, they dedicated all their piety to the Buddha.

There are also extremely devout people who express their faith in Buddha in a way rare in the world. They came to Lhasa from all over Tibet, even thousands of miles away from Qinghai, Sichuan and Gansu Tibetan areas, as if they were measuring the land on the "roof of the world" with their own bodies, and finally crawled at the Buddha's feet, put their foreheads gently on his left knee and whispered their prayers and wishes. This is the happiest and most satisfying moment for Tibetan Buddhists.

Indeed, he is an extraordinary Buddha!

The image of Buddha when he died.

According to Tibetan history books, this Buddha statue was shaped by Sakyamuni when he was alive. Sagar Solang Kenzan's "Collection of Tibetan Kings" (translated by Liu Liqian) has such an anecdote:

At that time, Buddha Sakyamuni lived in the Acropolis and taught Buddhist scriptures to local monks and nuns and lay people. One day, the sage Manshuri said to the Buddha with great anxiety: "When you live in the world, we can see the face of the Buddha, hear the language of the Buddha, and convert to our hearts;" If the ancestors die of nirvana, where will all sentient beings stop? "The Buddha listened, smiling without a word, and then four lights shone from him, shining on Brahma, Luo Yantian, Indra and Vishnu, the god of wisdom. So Brahma offered five kinds of treasures and asked Vishnu to shape the Buddha statue. Luo Yantian offered five treasures and asked Vishnu to sculpt the Buddha statue. Indra offered five treasures in heaven, such as Indra, Lubao and Miao Zhuang Yanbao, and five treasures in the world, such as gold, silver, pearls, corals and sapphires, and asked Vishnu to create a head of Buddha at the age of twelve. The Buddha's menstruation (and stepmother) Job Botti said that when Sakyamuni was eight years old, he was as tall as a pedestal in Lumbini Garden. At the age of twelve, he stepped on the threshold of the Acropolis and bumped his head against the lintel, which was his stature at that time.

Vishnu melted all kinds of treasures and cast a 12-year-old head of Buddha. The color is like ripe gold, with one hand fixed and the other stamped. Lovers are solemn, kind and beautiful. It is said that anyone who sees this statue can get rid of the suffering of the three poisons, have true faith, and have all the merits of seeing, smelling, reading and touching, just like seeing the Buddha himself, without any difference. At that time, when the Buddha was alive, he personally opened the lights for the characters, sprinkled flowers and blessed them, and finally hid in the Jingang Temple in India.

Cross the ocean and come to China.

The Story of the King of Tibet also records that during the reign of the French King of David Hewawitarne, India, Fu Jian, the monarch of Oriental China, gave David Hewawitarne three priceless treasures, including a seamless brocade, and he asked the Indian king for a unique Siddhartha Gautama to promote Buddhism in China. For the sake of the traditional friendship between India and China, David Hewawitarne resolutely decided to send the 12-year-old Buddha statue of Sakyamuni to China. When he walked into the temple dedicated to Siddhartha Gautama with the minister, he found that this icon, which was originally sitting in the south, now faces the east. The king thought, "Ah! It turns out that the Buddha statue has already turned to China. " So I'm very happy. I built a very big ship, which was covered with flags and ribbons. The musicians played wonderful music and sent the Buddha statue to the land of the eastern Han people. The king of the Han Dynasty also greeted him with the most solemn ceremony at the seaside and was enshrined in the center of the palace inlaid with gold.

However, 1434' s Collection of Sino-Tibetan History Books (Jin Gyeong's English translation) has different records about how the Buddha came to China. The book quotes Songzan Gambu's last words: When Indian King Damobara (probably the above-mentioned David Hewawitarne) was in power, foreign troops destroyed the auspicious Nalanda Temple, and the teaching method was almost destroyed, so they went to Han. Emperor Han replied, "Our army can't go, but we can send treasures. With it, you can defeat pagans and revive Buddhism. " The Indian king got help and defeated the foreign troops, and his inner Buddha nature was obvious. India's princes and ministers were all very happy and wrote to Emperor Han, saying, "You have achieved such a good career because of the kind teaching of Emperor Han and the strength of the gifts you have been sending. Your kindness is very kind. What do you want in return? We will definitely give it away. " Han Di said, "Thank you for your kindness. Please send the 12-year-old statue of Sakyamuni, four Buddhist scriptures and four Buddhist monks to the east. " King Dalmabala said: "I never thought of sending this Buddha statue to other places, but your kindness is great. You welcome it and it is of great benefit to all living beings." So, with all kinds of offerings, a grand ceremony was held to send Buddha and receive Buddha, and the sleeping Buddha came to the Han Dynasty.

In short, no matter which statement is more accurate, ancient Tibetan historians unanimously affirmed that siddhattha gotama was cast by the Buddha while he was alive, and was given to China by the Indian king in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

Princess Wencheng brought into Tibet.

Hundreds of years have passed.

During the reign of Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin, leaders of neighboring countries sent envoys to propose marriage. After seven trial marriages, the British master with a long-term strategic vision parted the crowd and betrothed the intelligent and beautiful Princess Wencheng to Tubo Zambsongzangambo, whose popularity and strength were not as good as those of other countries at that time.

Before he left, Emperor Taizong decided to take Princess Wencheng, a 12-year-old Buddha statue of Sakyamuni, a national treasure of China and enshrined in the White Horse Temple in Luoyang, as the deity of practicing Buddhism and go to Tibet with him. According to the Tibetan ancient book The Story of the Hidden King, Emperor Taizong said to Princess Wencheng, "The statue of our teacher I provided was made by Indra, the benefactor, and its quality was made by Shi Baocheng, a craftsman, who personally inherited the Tathagata. It's incredible. Sincerely look, smell, think and touch, the Buddha said that I would pass the cards quickly, and I would like to lie down like a sound source. If I give up this, I will still reward my charming daughter. " Through this account, we can see that Emperor Taizong attached great importance to the relationship between Tang and Tibet, and his good intentions to send the country's treasures to Tibet!

At that time, a handcart was specially made to carry Siddhartha Gautama, which was pushed by two Han strongmen, Lu Ga and Laga, and traveled thousands of kilometers from Chang 'an to Lhasa. The princess and her party have crossed countless mountains, rivers and rapids, and suffered numerous storms, earthquakes and landslides. It's really hard to describe the hardships they went through. When they approached Lhasa, Tibetan king Songzan Gambu thought Princess Wencheng was the incarnation of Tara, and might enter the city from different directions in the southeast and northwest at the same time. So he sent four people to the countryside to meet him. In fact, the princess and her entourage came from the Gola Pass in northern Lhasa. When they arrived in Ye Ping, near Qi Mu in the north of Lhasa, the wooden cart carrying Siddhartha Gautama got stuck in the mud. Lizzy Laga and Luga struggled to push and pull, but there was no way to pull it out. Princess Wencheng learned that the Dragon Palace was under the mud, and siddhattha gotama planned to stay here to suppress the local demon. So wooden pillars and silk curtains were erected around the Buddha statue to make various offerings. Then, Princess Yu Pei, surrounded by 25 beautiful maids, played the pipa instrument and enjoyed the scenery of the Liulin grassland in Wotang Lake. Tubo subjects have been dispatched to meet Princess Datang, competing to watch the appearance of Lady China. People sang and danced around the princess, enthusiastic and excited.

Dedicated to Xiaozhao Temple in Lhasa

Before Princess Wencheng came to Tibet, the Nepalese concubine of Tibetan King Songzan Gampo also arrived in Lhasa with an eight-year-old siddhattha gotama. She built a temple in Neiwutang (now the seat of the people's government of the autonomous region), but it has never been successful. I heard that Princess Datang was proficient in geographical survey, so I first asked Lu Dongzan to dredge it, then sent my wife to send me a liter of gold powder, and asked Princess Wencheng to determine the fertile land for building temples. Princess Wencheng spread out 80 kinds of maps of Tang Bo and five stars, and calculated that Tibet was like a witch lying on her back. Wotang Lake in Lhasa is the work of witches, and Hongshan, Tieshan and Mopan Mountain are the veins of witches' hearts. We should fill Wotang Lake and build a Sakyamuni Buddha temple to stop it. Also, as mentioned earlier, there is a Dragon Palace under Qimu, and a statue of Siddhartha Gautama should be dedicated to ensure the peace of Lhasa and the whole Tibetan area.

So, under the auspices of King Songzan Gampo of Tibet, the Nepalese princess built Jokhang Temple to worship siddhattha gotama, who was eight years old. Princess Wencheng built Jokhang Temple, dedicated to twelve-year-old siddhattha gotama. The size of these two temples doesn't matter. They started the construction and finished it on the same day. King Songzan Gampo of Tibet, Princess Nifei Chizun and Princess Hanfei Wencheng attended the grand opening ceremony, which was the most striking day in the ancient history of Tibet. At that time, the earth was shining, the sky was raining, the princes and the people were singing and dancing, and all kinds of operas were extremely prosperous. The entrance of Jokhang Temple is in the west, and the entrance of Jokhang Temple is in the east, which places the two princesses' nostalgia for their hometown parents.

Two Buddha statues have changed positions.

Shortly after the Jokhang Temple was built, two statues of Siddhartha Gautama were changed. The reasons for the transposition of Buddha statues are clearly recorded in Tibetan history books.

It is said that after the death of Tibetan King Songzan Gambu, his grandson Mansong Mangzan succeeded to the throne. At that time, it was widely rumored that Emperor Wu Zetian would send troops to attack Lhasa and recapture twelve-year-old siddhattha gotama brought by Princess Wencheng. The Tubo maharaja was so frightened that he quickly moved the Buddha statue to the South Mirror Gate of Jokhang Temple and hid it, sealed it with mud, and drew a Manjusri Bodhisattva on it. At the same time, the eight-year-old statue of Sakyamuni in Jokhang Temple was moved to the main hall of Jokhang Temple for worship.

According to Basilang's Ba Xie (translated by Tong Jinhua and Huang Bufan), at the beginning of the eighth century, Tang Zhongzong betrothed Princess Jincheng to Zachide Zuzan, a Tibetan, and arrived in Lhasa Luyuan from Chang 'an in the Year of the Dog (7 10). Princess Jincheng said, "I want to see Siddhartha Gautama, the place where my grandparents' princesses support. "She went to the Jokhang Temple and offered sacrifices to every Buddha statue, but she didn't find Siddhartha Gautama. Then I went to Jokhang Temple to worship the Buddha statue, and then I looked for the statue of Sakyamuni, but I didn't find it. Princess Jincheng said, "According to Jokhang Temple, there are five Buddhist temples in the temple. I only see four now, and there must be hidden Buddhist temples inside. "So I knocked on the wall of the Buddhist temple everywhere. When I knocked on the lower part of the recessed threshold on the inner wall of the temple, a crack appeared on the wall. I dug up the mud and found a door. As soon as I opened the door, I saw the hidden Buddha statue of Sakyamuni. Princess Jincheng was overjoyed and said, "I want to hold a face-to-face ceremony for the Buddha statue of my grandmother Princess Wencheng! "Immediately offer a grand sacrifice. According to "The Story of the Hidden King", Princess Jincheng placed the Buddha statue in the center of the fragrant room behind the temple and established a system of offering sacrifices. Since then, this Buddha statue has become the main Buddha of Jokhang Temple.

The History of Jokhang Temple was written by Mr. Chabai Zidan Pincuo, and quoted Budun's Buddhist history. The transposition of the two buddhas seems to follow Princess Wencheng's last words: "When the princess died, she said that she would invite the Buddha from Jokhang Temple, hide it under the eaves of Jokhang Temple, paint the door with powder and draw a beautiful Buddha. Then she died, and the ministers exchanged two buddhas according to the princess's will. "

Through hardships and vicissitudes

The Buddha didn't stay in the Jokhang Temple Hall for long, and the political situation in Tibet changed again, so he was unlucky. In a word, as the highest Buddha of Buddhism, he was not plain sailing in the western snow, but experienced hardships, neglect and vicissitudes.

According to Tibetan history books, Zuzan, the fifth Tibetan monk, fell off his horse and died at the edge of Yangzhuoyong Lake. Prince Chisong Dêzain was a minor at that time, and his mother-in-law Ma Shang Chunbajie was in charge of politics. He declared: "The king's short life is the result of practicing Buddhism. In order to eliminate the disaster in this life, we should pursue benzene wave teaching. " He also said: "The Buddha statue brought by Princess Wencheng is the Buddha statue of the Han Dynasty and should be returned to the Han Dynasty." So he launched the first anti-Buddha movement in the Tubo period. Jokhang Temple was banned and turned into a slaughterhouse. The bloody skins and viscera of cattle and sheep hang on God's body and hands. The Buddha statue brought by Princess Wencheng was covered with a net woven with leather rope and pulled outside Jokhang Temple. Ma Shang sent 300 lux and ordered them to send the Buddha statue back to the Central Plains. Strangely, they pulled the Buddha statue to the crack hole in the suburbs. It seems that the Buddha statue has taken root and can't be pulled any more. Had to be buried in a bunker.

Later, something strange happened. The anti-Buddha minister Nalang Taojie Tanggraba cracked his back and died. Juenuo Sanjie and Ma Jierang also curled up and died. Both the common people and the diviners said, "This is because Siddhartha Gautama of the Han Dynasty was angry. Burying him in the bunker is really sinful! " Everyone discussed: "This Buddha statue was originally from India, so send it to India!" So he raised the Buddha statue and carried it on two mules. When they came to Mangjilong. I heard that the road to India was impassable, so I left the Buddha statue in Mang language.

The Buddha statue stayed there for 14 years. Later, Chisong Dêzain, the king of Tibet, came to power, cutting off contacts between Ma Shang Chunbajie and others, and the princes got together to discuss the development of Buddhism. Minister Shannissan told us: "The founder Songzan Gambu advocated Buddhism, making the country rich and strong and the people safe, while his son Zambu and your father Chide Zuzan also practiced Miaoshan Buddhism, which was later destroyed by Ma Chang. Ma Shang also sent away the Buddha statue of the Han Dynasty, but in the past, only the Buddha statue brought by the knight in his arms could not be lifted by thousands of people. Later, it was agreed to send it to Mangyu, and then it was carried by two mules. Now it is time to bring the Buddha statue back to worship from Mangji. " As a result, Chisong Dêzain, the king of Tibet, "began to welcome Siddhartha Gautama from Mangyu back to sleep with a treasure car, and settled in the center of the pure fragrance room of the temple around Sa 'bian (Jokhang Temple) with all kinds of music, which was extremely grand." (The Story of the Hidden King, translated by Liu Liqian)

About 80 years later, when Dama Oolong Mian, the grandson of Chisong Dêzain, was in power, this extraordinary Buddha statue suffered a second anti-Buddha movement. Dama Oolong praised (that is, Langdama) more than once declared: "The successive human epidemics in Lhasa are all the results of offering sacrifices to Sakyamuni Buddha brought by Princess Wencheng." He ordered: "Send Han Di and Siddhartha Gautama of India back to their hometown." This time, the subject didn't follow his instructions. They think Siddhartha Gautama is the source of happiness in the snowy area and should be protected like eyes. They brought a lot of sand and buried the Buddha in the sand. At the same time, I found a big stone and pushed it into the pond and lake. Stones make a loud noise. Rondama asked what the noise was, and the subjects lied: "The Buddha statue can't be lifted, the rope is broken, and people are injured. We were very angry and pushed him into ponds and lakes. " Langdama expressed satisfaction, ordered the Jokhang Temple to be closed, and painted pictures of monks drinking on the gate. During the whole period of destroying Buddha, Jokhang Temple was desolate and dilapidated, with bushes and wolves and foxes, and there was no incense at all!

The long years went on for another thousand years.

With the beginning of the post-macro period of Tibetan Buddhism in the 1 1 century, the incense before Sakyamuni Buddha gradually flourished, which has been nearly a thousand years.

It is said that Dama Oolong Zan, the king who destroyed Buddhism, was stabbed to death, and his sons Song Wei and Yun Dan became less hostile to Buddhism when they grew up. Siddhartha Gautama was secretly dug out of the sand. In the middle of a.d. 1 1 century, Master Adixia lectured in Nietang, and went to Jokhang Temple in Lhasa for many times to take out Songtsan Gampo's suicide note from the pillar of Sakyamuni Buddha Hall, which shows that Siddhartha Gautama was not so deserted before.

In A.D. 1076, Pabashiro, a translator of Ali Sangha, came to Lhasa, which was the first time to repair the Jokhang Temple after the anti-Buddhist movement. According to the records of Chilie's works in East Gallausanne, in A.D. 1 160, four schools of monks from Lhasa and Pompo merged with each other, and the Jokhang Temple was burned. At that time, Chu Cheng, a monk of Dabu Kagyu Sect, mediated Ningbo and restored Jokhang Temple again, which was managed by Lamaxiang, the founder of Caiba Kagyu Sect. Mr. Chabai Zidan Pincuo told the author that in A.D. 13 10, King Padun Barendo of Arya Ze and his housekeeper Aku built a golden dome on the Buddha's pedestal, with 18 Tibetan grams (Tibetan unit of measurement, one Tibetan gram is equivalent to 28 kilograms), one * * 104 bronze and five hundred and twenty gold. In the first month of A.D. 1409, Master Zong Kaba founded the Mo Rang Qing Bo Zhao Dafa Research Institute in Jokhang Temple. Prior to this, Ranga Sambo, governor of Liu Wu on the south bank of Lhasa River, was ordered by Nai Wang Dong, then the ruler of Tibet, to carry out large-scale maintenance of Jokhang Temple. Master Zong Kaba presented five Tathagata crowns made of pure gold to the Buddha statue. They were inlaid with pearls, precious stones, jasper and turquoise. They were very beautiful and solemn, and the white conch of the right hand was inlaid on the chest. According to legend, the big rosary hung on the Buddha's body was given by the Ming Emperor to Jiang Qing Qu Jie, the founder of Sera Temple and a great disciple of Zong Kaba, who gave it to Buddha Sakyamuni. Since then, this Buddha statue has been called "Jophalon Qi Bo", which means "Supreme Master". He is the main Buddha of Jokhang Temple, the first god who hides soil in snowy areas, with high status and heavy honor, as mentioned above. Time goes by and times change. However, the Changming butter lamp in front of the statue of Sakyamuni in Jokhang Temple has been on for a long time.

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Amitabha!