National Traditional Culture in Hailufeng Area of Guangdong Province

Many cultural customs in Hailufeng area can be traced back to the Central Plains, Zhejiang and Fujian. Some ancient folk customs originated in the Central Plains and Zhejiang and Fujian are not easy to find in many places in the south, but they are popular in Hailufeng area. Five projects in Hailufeng area, namely Zhengzi Opera, Xiqin Opera, Bai Zixi, Shadow Play and Gundi Jinlong, were announced by the State Council as the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage. Folk customs here often become valuable resources for experts and scholars to explore cultural accumulation.

Folk opera is the most representative traditional culture and art in Hailufeng area. Since the Ming Dynasty, Hai Lufeng has preserved four kinds of ancient rare operas called "living fossils":

Orthographic drama. Formerly known as Andrew Opera, it uses Zhongzhou phonology. The main vocals are Yin Zhengqu and Kunqu Opera, with a small amount of yellow and minor. It is believed that orthography originated from Yiyang dialect. Yiyang Opera was spread from Southern Opera in Song and Yuan Dynasties to Yiyang, Jiangxi Province. It combined local dialects and folk music, absorbed northern opera and evolved, and then spread and developed all over the country. It is reported that Kaohai Lufeng had orthographic drama activities in the early Ming Dynasty, and since then it has taken root here, popular in eastern Guangdong and southern Fujian, and has been to Hong Kong, Southeast Asia and other places.

Xiqin opera. According to the research, after Shaanxi Opera and Gansu Tune flowed into Hailufeng in the late Ming Dynasty, they were combined with local folk art, and gradually drifted away from it in the early Qing Dynasty, forming a unique type of Shaanxi Opera. The main vocal cavity is the main line, Xipi and Huanger, and there are a few coloratura and miscellaneous tones. Singing white follows the rhyme of Zhongzhou, and the male and female voices are homophonic. Men sing real voices and women sing falsetto. The performance style is rough and bold, passionate, good at martial arts, learning from the south and supporting Shaolin.

Bai Zixi. In the early Ming Dynasty, it flowed from southern Fujian to Hailufeng via eastern Guangdong, and combined with local dialects and folk arts, it formed Hailufeng Bai Zixi with strong local characteristics. In order to distinguish it from Chaozhou white characters (that is, modern Chaozhou opera), Chaozhou people call it "Hailufeng white characters" and "Southward white characters". Music singing is basically a combination of qupai, supplemented by folk songs. Because there are often "A Yi Ai" lining words in the songs sung, it is commonly known as "A Yi Ai". After 1988, Haifeng Bai Zixi Troupe went to Hong Kong to perform many times and received rave reviews.

Shadow play. Legend has it that it originated in Chang 'an (now Xi 'an) area in Han Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty began to spread to foreign countries. Foreign film and drama circles think that it is the predecessor of film art, and shadow play was popular in Hailufeng in the early Ming Dynasty. From 65438 to 0976, Lu Fengxian Shadow Play Troupe invited Yu Zheguang, chairman of China Puppet Shadow Play Art Society, and other artists to give guidance, and carried out a comprehensive reform on the drama purpose, singing, performance and dance beauty of shadow play, which was once brilliant.

In Hailufeng area, for a long time, in addition to the original state-run professional troupe, Zheng Zi Opera, Xiqin Opera and Bai Zixi, three rare operas, have become a unique cultural phenomenon. Several rare operas originally came from other provinces and were popular in many places, but they all took root in Sri Lanka and were active in Sri Lanka, which fully showed that Hai Lufeng was good at accommodating foreign cultures, and at the same time was good at integrating foreign cultures and creating local cultures.

As a "living fossil" to study the origin and development of traditional Chinese opera, several rare works of traditional Chinese opera by Hai Lufeng have been paid close attention by experts and scholars, and won endless praise. The unique three ancient operas of Western Qin Dynasty, White Character and Orthography are known as the three wonderful flowers that are still fragrant in China art gardens, and they are also part of the opera treasures in China's cultural and artistic treasure house.

There are a lot of folk oral literature in Hailufeng area, including myths, legends, stories, rap, jokes, proverbs, riddles, two-part allegorical sayings and folk songs. Folk songs are divided into Hakka folk songs in the north, Jianmi songs in the west, fishing songs in the southeast and Fulao songs in the plain area.

The folk music in Hailufeng area is best known for its orchestral "Eight Tones", Quban and Chuiban, all of which are derived from the art of traditional Chinese opera, which, together with the art of traditional Chinese opera, creates a very strong musical atmosphere. Eight tones are mainly composed of strings. Generally, there are eight kinds of musical instruments, and there are museum ruins, which are called "Eight-tone Hall" or "Eight-tone Class". Playing string poems is the same as Bai Zixi's.

Folk dances include lion dance, God of Wealth dance, song and dance, and women's dance in red. Many classic dances have become reserved programs in performances and competitions. Lion dances include unicorn with one horn and "stone art" without horns, and wooden lions in Hakka areas are collectively called "dancing tiger lions".

In addition, the famous "Golden Dragon" in Daan Town of Lufeng and "Fair Dance Elephant" in Haifeng are also known. In recent years, "Golden Dragon" has won the first prize of performance for many times. In 1950s, Qian encouraged an old man named Li Huoyi in Shanwei Town to leap from the town to the county, provincial capital and Beijing, and gained a reputation. Li Huoyi was hired as a librarian by the Provincial Museum of Literature and History, enjoying a lifetime salary. Jiazi Town in Lufeng is the most famous hometown of singing and dancing. It is based on the story of a hero in Liangshanpo. 108 people wipe their faces with thrushes and jump and knock with short sticks in their hands. They echo each other, cooperate tacitly, have a strong sense of rhythm and are spectacular. It is most suitable for performing in squares or parades.