Historical Cattle Plowing Diagram

1. The author, background, and

Name: Cattle Plowing

Manufacturing year: Han Material: Stone Author: unknown

Tomb decorative stone carving, after the emergence of the late Western Han Dynasty, after the portrait stone was used in large quantities for the decoration of underground tombs or ground ancestral halls, and thus its content and form are also closely related to the funerary rituals and sacrifices at that time, and became a funerary constraints on the work of art. The subject matter of the Han portrait stone by the contemporaneous social aesthetic influence, depicted in a slightly painterly style of expression, in addition to the Queen Mother of the West, the Moon Palace and other subjects, but also appeared in the oxcart, plowing and other secular mood portrait stone.

Ox plowing is a reduced-ground, shallow-carved portrait stone from the Eastern Han Dynasty. Picture in the middle of the Han Dynasty architecture for the arch, below the carving of the farmer whip drive oxen plowing life scenes. On the left and right sides of the arch, there is a goat-herder holding a goat-whip and his flock of sheep. The whole picture is full of rich atmosphere of idyllic life, representing the Han Dynasty aesthetic style.

2. History Ox plowing

A new type of agricultural tools used in the Han Dynasty.

Iron plows were widely used during the Western Han Dynasty. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Zhao Zuodu invented the coupling plow, which could be used to plow the land with two oxen and three people in a group,

greatly improving the efficiency of plowing the field.

A plough drawn by two oxen and operated by three people. When Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, Zhao over the implementation of the same time, the invention of two oxen coupled plow coupled plow, its operation is a person to pull the oxen, a person in charge of the plow, to adjust the depth of the plough, a person to support the plow. This plow plowshare is larger, increase the plow wall, deep plowing and turning soil, cultivate the ridge once, can be plowed out on behalf of the field required by the law of one foot deep and one foot wide furrow. Two oxen and three people can manage the plowing task of five hectares (six minutes and nine cents per mu of Han Da Mu, sixty-nine mu per hectare) of fields in a plowing season. The plowing speed was fast and did not delay the farming time. Since then, the coupling plow structure has improved, the emergence of movable plow arrows to control the depth of the plow, no longer need to be in charge of the yamen. Driving oxen skillful, and can no longer need people to pull oxen. From the Han Dynasty tomb murals and portrait bricks in the cattle plowing map and burial of cattle, plow Ming ware, from the late Western Han Dynasty, two oxen and three people's plowing methods have been gradually replaced by a person to support the plow and drive the two oxen method.

3. History Ox plowing

A new type of agricultural tools used in the Han Dynasty.

Iron plows were widely used in the Western Han Dynasty. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Zhao Zao invented the coupling plow, which could be used to plow a field with two oxen in a group of three, greatly improving the efficiency of plowing.

By the two oxen coupled to pull, three people to operate a plow. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Zhao passed in the implementation of the same time, the invention of two oxen coupled plow coupled plow, its operation is a person to pull the oxen, a person in charge of the plow, to adjust the depth of the plow, a person to support the plow.

This plow plowshare is larger, increased plow wall, deep plowing and turning the soil, cultivation of one time, can be plowed out on behalf of the field required by the law of one foot deep and one foot wide furrow. Two oxen and three people a plowing season can manage five hectares (Han large mu per mu today six minutes and nine cents per hectare today sixty-nine acres) of the field of the plowing task.

Plowing speed, not to delay the farm time. Since then, the coupling plow structure has improved, the emergence of movable plow arrows to control the depth of plowing, no longer need to be in charge.

Driving oxen skillful, and can no longer need people to pull oxen. From the Han Dynasty tomb murals and portrait bricks in the oxen plowing map and buried oxen, plow Ming ware, from the late Western Han Dynasty, two oxen and three people's plowing methods have been gradually replaced by a person to support the plow and drive the two oxen method.

4. Spring and Autumn period of oxen plowing is what

Hello, is the iron plow oxen plowing it.

This refers to the way of cultivation, and began to use iron plowing; and the two oxen lifting the bar is the majority of the form of iron plowing and oxen plowing, the plough balance left and right each yoke, each pulling an ox, which is the so-called "two oxen lifting the bar". Reference is as follows: Iron plow and oxen plowing was produced in Spring and Autumn, Spring and Warring States period, which is the most important production method of ancient agriculture in China. It promoted the development of productive forces and the disintegration of well-field system. Until the Han Dynasty, the plow is quite primitive, the earliest known plowing map in the Han portrait stone, such as Shaanxi Mili, Suide East Han cattle plowing portrait stone, Jiangsu Suining Shuanggou East Han cattle plowing portrait stone and so on.

As seen in the picture, the basic features of the Han Dynasty plough are: the plough shaft is a single shaft, long and straight, the front end of the shaft is directly linked to the plough balance, the plough balance of the left and right of each yoke, each pulling a cow, which is known as the "two cows to lift the bar", the promotion of the iron oxen ploughing The rapid development of agriculture in the Tang Dynasty is one of the important reasons for the iron plough oxen ploughing to be further popularized. In the Yellow River Basin and even today's Gansu and Xinjiang, iron plows and oxen have been commonly used in agricultural production.

About this situation is not only recorded in the literature, in some tombs and Dunhuang, Yulin Grottoes, numerous murals "oxen plowing map", are reflected. Most of them are two oxen lifting the bar, with a long single straight yoke plow; a few with a cow plowing, plow has a double long straight yoke, there are also short curved yoke.

Plow are made of iron, more use of plow wall (? soil). At this time in the south of the Yangtze River, also popularized ox plowing, and the use of curved shaft plows.

(Tang) Lu Guimeng "Leiyuzhi Jing" recorded in detail the Jiangdong (now Jiangnan) used the structure and use of the efficacy of the curved plow. The curved plow is lighter than the straight plow, and the plow shaft is bowed up to facilitate deep plowing; the traction point is low, and the plow frame is smooth; the plow shaft is shortened, and it is easy to turn around.

This is the most advanced type of ancient foot plow. However, at that time, the use of such a plow is very few, to use two oxen to lift the bar for the most.

According to the literature and archaeological data prove that this time, the frontier areas are also promoting the iron plow cattle plowing.

5. What is in the upper left corner of the Han Dynasty ox-plowing map

"Ox-plowing map" picture is divided into three compartments.

The upper frame is engraved with an immortal riding a deer, a deer cart and a beast, depicting a picture of the immortal guide. The middle frame is engraved with a person paying homage to two people, and a horse is engraved next to it. The homage payer leans forward and salutes with an arched hand and a tablet, revealing his inner humility and respect for the master.

Worshiper wide-sleeved robes, holding a feather fan, elegant and dignified manner, and tall, beside the boy and servant. The proportion of the size of the body of the master, the guest, and the servant shows the difference in the status of the characters.

The lower frame is a picture of oxen plowing. In the center of the picture is a farmer with a whip in his left hand and a plow in his right hand, driving two oxen to plow with his bare feet, followed by a young man sowing seeds in a basket.

Painting of a young woman bowed above the hoe lifting the field, an old woman picking the burden to send food to the field, next to a loaded fertilizer two-wheeled flatbed car, there are three birds standing on it, the car lying next to a small dog, the upper left corner of the calf in the field playing, just like a beautiful field. Whether from the historical research or from the artistic point of view, are invaluable artistic treasures.

6. Ox plowing figure commented about 100 words

Ox plowing figure is a reduction of the Eastern Han Dynasty shallow carved portrait stone.

The picture is in the middle of the Han Dynasty architecture of the arch, the bottom of the carving out of the farmers whip drive oxen plowing life scenes. On the left and right sides of the arch, there is a goat herder standing with a goat whip in his hand and his herd of sheep.

The whole picture is full of rich rural life, representing the Han Dynasty aesthetic style. Cattle plowing picture breaks through the Han Dynasty to the aristocratic life of the main selection of traditional, to the agricultural production activities as the subject matter, in the description of the farmers and cattle plowing, adding the "fandango pot pulp" of the woman and the car beside the dog, the breath of life is very strong, the whole picture has a static and dynamic, there are far and near the layout of a compact and reasonable, rich in poetic and pictorial, whether from the historical research or from the artistic point of view to Whether from the historical research or from the artistic point of view, it is a precious art treasure.