What are the wedding customs and procedures in Guangxi?

Guangxi is a multi-ethnic autonomous region. There are 12 ethnic groups living in Guangxi, including Zhuang, Han, Yao, Miao, Dong, Maonan, Hui, Jing, Yi, Shui, Gelao and more than 40 other ethnic groups such as Manchu. Zhuang nationality is the largest minority in Guangxi. Guangxi ethnic minorities are unique in clothing, food, housing, transportation, economy, education and customs. So what are the wedding customs in Guangxi? Next, this paper will introduce the marriage culture of Han nationality and ethnic minorities in Guangxi in detail. Let's take a look at it now! 1. Marriage customs of Han nationality in Guangxi;

(1) When men get married, women return home. Both men and women hold a banquet to welcome guests, which usually lasts for three days and is divided into admission, main banquet and tail banquet. In some places, the third day is the main banquet, which is called the wine of the next day. The main items needed by the woman for the banquet are provided by the man as dowry, including pork, chickens and ducks, rice, wedding wine, delicacies (fungus, fragrant shavings, etc. ), seafood (especially fish and crabs, etc. ), biscuits, noodles, cigarettes, salutes, red candles, red velvet and so on. The woman's in-laws (such as grandpa, grandma, uncle, etc.). ) I want a pig's trotter (the upper part of the pig's trotter weighs about two kilograms) and one goes back to worship my ancestors.

(2) On the day of admission, the man's family prepares gifts and the matchmaker sends them to the woman's family. In the Qing Dynasty and the early years of the Republic of China, all gifts were made of stone feet (stone feet: wooden, rectangular handling tools, which were used in the late 1940s and later replaced by walking tractors). Two people carried a load, and both of them had to be "double" to show good luck.

(3) Go to bed, both husband and wife have children. If you are a man with the first child, you should get into bed, set up a mat and set up an account according to the time and direction proposed by Mr. North Korea. After the resettlement, you should say a few auspicious words on the road, "An auspicious day becomes a bed, two surnames become a pair, husband and wife live in harmony, and children and grandchildren are full."

(4) In-laws, such as grandparents, uncles and fathers, usually come to celebrate on the day of their adoption. Some places stop at the edge of the village and don't go directly into the house. The host family should personally or send someone to invite them to prepare some water, cigarettes, tea, towels, etc. Wash your face outside and drink tea before coming into the house. Otherwise, relatives of the family will come back in droves, and foreign families will be specially treated and set up in the main hall. Otherwise, the host or Dai Dong will be criticized by many people and even break up in discord. Now this phenomenon has been greatly reduced.

(5) On the day of the banquet, friends and relatives from far and near came to the road to celebrate. The bookkeeper should register the gifts and gifts of relatives who come to congratulate, write the wedding couplets in advance and prepare more than a dozen red envelopes of different sizes, such as those for love of red, generation of hair, bookkeeping and chef. And various rituals after worship. The number of words in Geng Xu's couplets should follow the five elements of "suffering from old age, illness and death", that is, it cannot fall on the three words of "suffering from old age, illness and death". Some pamphlets write couplets in Geng Xu, trying to guess each other to show their knowledge.

Pick up new employees at the woman's house after breakfast and bring gifts to salute. There are bands (suona, tuba, etc. ), and pick the flag from all sides to eight sides, and salute all the way to blow joy. The groom is accompanied by the best man. Before going out to meet the groom, please ask the two old people to light candles. Candle-holding words: "The dragon candle is brilliant, the house is full of brilliance, and it will grow old together for a hundred years and prosper in five generations." The groom worships his ancestors and parents, and an old man hangs a red eulogy for the groom: "Hang up the groom, get married, love the couple and build a home together." After the groom hangs the red, he goes to the wedding reception.

A group of people who go to greet the New Year will be saluted by gunners every time they pass through a village. They stay at the edge of the women's village and will shoot first and then enter the house. After arriving at the house, the poster boy will send the package of poster type and size to the woman's book. Hung up the red man took out two pieces of red cloth and put them on Gan San and Kun San at the door of the woman's house. The matchmaker invited them to give Dong Jiao a present. At this time, the groom walked into the hall with the best man and turned to the left to stand. My uncle came to serve tea, and the best man packed it for him. Then the matchmaker took his parents-in-law and other elders to the hall, and the groom sat down after meeting them one by one.

In the afternoon, the wedding procession returned, fired a salute at the edge of the village, and then paused. To show the arrival of the bride and get ready. When the bride enters the house, the man's house is taboo, indicating that he can get along. The bride's arrogance stops at the gate, helping the bride's mother to hold the lit "match" (woven with straw) and shake it up and down. After being sprinkled with water by the teacher's chanting practice, help the new mother lift the curtain of arrogance, pull out the bride with a fan, drag and push, and don't let the bride stand on the threshold (called the bride stepping on the threshold and not being bound by her in-laws), and drag it to the public to help the new mother kneel outward.

(6) When the woman sent the bride to the man's house, several people "married her" and "strangled her". In some villages, the groom can't stay with the bride that night, because "marry her" and "marry him" will sing with male relatives and friends in the new house. The bride's dowry is placed in the yard. The housewife gives a package "marry her", asks for the key, opens the boxes one by one, pays tribute to "opening the cabinet this year and eating wine and ginger next year", and then carries it into the house.

(7) The next morning, the bride washed herself, that is, went to "worship the Lord", and an unmarried woman accompanied her to "carry water" and prepared three incense money at the same time. The bride puts the money by the well (river), lights incense and inserts it in the money, which means scooping water and carrying it home. That is to say, drinking sweet tea is made of white sugar, boiled water, peanuts and betel nuts. , and held in the hall. Drinking sweet tea is for elders such as aunt Weng, uncle, parents and grandfather. The brides hold tea one by one to respect them and introduce them, and the brides kowtow to them one by one. People who drink tea always receive red envelopes, and some eulogize while drinking: "Tea is sweet and fragrant, and husband and wife are 100 years old. Today you drink sweet tea together, and tomorrow you drink scented tea together. " The hall was beaming and the tea was fragrant. This custom is not widely circulated now.

2. The marriage customs of Zhuang nationality in Guangxi;

There are generally two marriage forms of Zhuang nationality in Guangxi: arranged by parents and free love.

1. Parental arrangement:

Historically, early marriage was widely practiced in Zhuang nationality. According to relevant local chronicles, "It is said that many people get married early". Parents must find a matchmaker to marry. Matchmakers usually have to arrange several marriages. Once or twice, they go to the woman's house, and if the woman's parents are interested, they can provide meals. After going back and forth for three or five times, you can agree on marriage and get engaged with a "eight-character". Wedding silver jewelry is very heavy, so it is generally necessary to give the woman a full set of silver jewelry. Parents' arranged marriage also occupies a certain position in Zhuang nationality. Men and women are usually married by their parents at the age of thirteen or fourteen, and some are as early as seven or eight years old.

2. Free love:

Young men and women have social freedom before marriage, but even if they are congenial, they need their parents' consent to get married. The main way of free marriage is that young men and women choose their spouses by singing folk songs. This way is called "singing the stream" or "catching the wind" locally. For a long time, it has become a system in the marriage life of Zhuang nationality. Until liberation, the Zhuang area in Guangnan was still very popular. In Zhuang society, men and women generally learn to sing a few folk songs from the age of 12 or 13, and they will be able to learn instant love songs at the age of 17 or 18. There are strict rules about where to sing folk songs, whether in a secluded mountain village or in a busy street, they must be recognized by everyone or seen by anyone. Time depends on the local agricultural production season. It is held in different places every year. Speaking of which, do you think of the sweet voice of the singer "Liu Sanjie"?

3. The ways of love are: singing, throwing hydrangeas and playing with wooden troughs.

(1) Right brother:

Zhuang people are open to the communication between young men and women. A folk song sings: "Old people are seventeen or eighteen, and their parents have romantic times." Adult young Zhuang men and women go out to market and sing folk songs in the fields and villages (there are many colorful lyrics! ), the average parent will not bind. In feudal society, the Han nationality was famous for its restraint on children (especially daughters). The so-called "the door doesn't open, the second door doesn't get out" is also true. Therefore, duet has become one of the main ways for young Zhuang men and women to fall in love freely. In Zhuang society, men and women generally learn to sing a few folk songs from the age of 12 or 13, and they will be able to learn instant love songs at the age of 17 or 18. There are strict rules about where to sing folk songs, whether in a secluded mountain village or in a busy street, they must be recognized by everyone or seen by anyone. Time depends on the local agricultural production season. It is held in different places every year.

(2) throwing hydrangea:

Throwing hydrangeas is the time for Zhuang people to catch up with Gewei. The girls held colorful hydrangeas and lined up neatly to sing folk songs. If they see a young man they like, throw them to him. The young man took the hydrangea, and if he was satisfied with the girl, he wrapped a small gift around the hydrangea and threw it back to the woman, so love began. Throwing hydrangea is the beginning of knowing each other and loving each other, not the end of love as some scholars say.

(3) Wooden trough:

Wooden slotting is usually held at the beginning of the Lunar New Year. At first, young women made slots with wooden sticks and made different sounds, which everyone enjoyed. Then several women hit the wooden trough and sang folk songs, and then many young men ran to the wooden trough with wooden sticks to knock together. Every time we knock at the door, everyone sings folk songs to express the love between men and women. There are also some different special ways between different regions. )

(4) Crossing the street:

In Jingxi, Guangxi, there is a love custom of "looking across the street". On the day of the fair, young men and women came to the street corner early in the morning. Men stood on one side and women stood on the other side, only a few steps apart, looking at each other. Stand until the sun goes down. The two sides flirt, and if they are interested, they signal the other side to leave everyone. In the process of facing each other, it is very interesting for the companions of the two camps to consult each other.

(5) Touch the egg:

There is a particularly interesting love custom of "touching eggs" in the "March 3" of Zhuang nationality in Du 'an, Guangxi. The night before March 3, young people specially prepared a dozen red boiled eggs, and they were very busy. At the beginning of the game "March 3rd", men and women each hold an egg, facing each other, and then each holds a red egg and touches each other. If the red eggs of both sides are broken at the same time, it is considered that the fate of the two people is linked, so they will give each other red eggs to eat. If it is only a unilateral rupture of the red egg, it means that the two sides have no fate and have to eat the red egg themselves.

(6) Stay married:

Zhuang society generally retains the marriage custom of "never leaving the husband's family" after marriage and before giving birth. On the third day after marriage, the woman went back to her family to accompany her husband until she became pregnant. At this time, she is called "sitting at home" or "leaving her husband's home". In fact, this is a custom left over from the transition from matriarchy to patriarchy. During the period of "not sitting at home", married women are still regarded as girls in social concept and have the right to sing folk songs and engage in other free social activities with young men. But if you have sex with another man, or even get pregnant, if you are found out, the "old man in the village" must come forward to mediate and punish the adulterer. The punishment method is usually to hang five feet of red cloth on the door, indicating that the ex-husband "receives red"; At the same time, compensate her ex-husband for part of the gift money as an apology. In this case, many people don't divorce, and even the parents of their ex-husbands struggle to make their sons laugh at them, so they don't have to mind. If the adulterer abducts and sells women, the ex-husband has the right to ask relatives and friends to investigate, and the kidnapper must return all the money to the ex-husband. The time a married woman "stays at her husband's house" is generally limited to whether she is pregnant or not. If you can't have children after three to five years, and your sister-in-law has grown up and got married, you should "stay in your husband's family" even if you can't have children, or you will remarry. Zhuang nationality has the custom of adopting an adopted wife. Families of adopted women usually send matchmakers to the man's house, and the man's surname living in his wife's house is changed to the woman's surname. A dead wife can remarry or change rooms. But the transfer is limited to the death of the widowed brother, and the sister-in-law is transferred to the brother's wife.

(7) Late marriage:

The Zhuang people in lingyun county used to have the custom of "night marriage". Its origin is the product of the absurd "first night right" system of Tusi in Ming and Qing Dynasties, that is, local officials stipulated that when natives got married, the bride must take it to Tusi for their first night. This is a despicable act of dominating marriage, and the longer it takes, the more unbearable it will be for the people. However, under the feudal dynasty and the rule of the toast, the people had no choice but to get married after the dead of night, lest the toast ruin the marriage of the people. Lingyun county Zhuang nationality has the custom of night marriage in past dynasties, which is the only marriage custom with local and national characteristics in Guangxi. Today, this marriage custom has been simplified a lot in the form of marriage order, but it is still enduring and very popular.

(8) custom of carrying the bride:

Longsheng Longji Zhuang people have the custom of "carrying the bride", that is, the wedding should go through the steps of carrying the bride, cutting the ladder, tearing down the bridge and singing ballads. Before the wedding, choose a man with living parents to carry the bride. A woman can't wear shoes before going out to the door, which means that her footprints have come out and she doesn't want to come out. Accompanied by more than 65,438 bridesmaids and singers, the bride went upstairs to the groom's house through a temporary bamboo ladder and crossed the "new bridge". Then someone cut off the bamboo ladder and the "new bridge", indicating that the bride should always be loyal to her husband's family. That night, the groom took the bride and the young men in the village to sing until dawn. The bride comes back the next day, and the groom takes it back the same day or the next day. In the evening, he continued to sing. For three nights, he can sing miscellaneous songs, hymns and love songs.