New Rural Construction and Protection of Vernacular Architecture

With the new rural construction in full swing, the rural living environment is undergoing remarkable changes. New rural construction has fundamentally changed the situation of long-term lagging economic and social development in rural areas. But in its process, also on the vernacular architecture of cultural connotation, architectural features, historical features of the protection of the urgent requirements. Vernacular architecture, in a broad sense, can be generalized to refer to the local traditional cultural characteristics of the building, in a narrow sense, mostly refers to the traditional historical buildings in rural areas. In China, there are a large number of local buildings with distinctive local characteristics, with the development of rural economy, and the accelerated process of modernization, local buildings are facing the danger of being demolished, relocated, rectified, changed and merged. Disorderly illegal structures can be seen everywhere, the ancient buildings have become incomplete, can only survive in the new building cracks. Living conditions are improved, and how to solve the contradiction between the protection of vernacular architecture and the construction of new rural areas, has become the current stage of cultural relics workers face a new topic.

First, the protection of vernacular architecture to have a sound system of policies and regulations and technical specifications of strong support. The State Council on strengthening the protection of cultural heritage notice, pointed out that "the protection of excellent vernacular architecture and other cultural heritage as an important element of the urbanization development strategy." The "Opinions of the Central Government and the State Council on Promoting the Construction of a New Socialist Countryside" also emphasizes, "Protecting and developing excellent traditional cultures with local and national characteristics," and "Village governance should highlight rural, local and national characteristics, and protect ancient villages with historical and cultural values and ancient folk houses." The State Administration of Cultural Heritage also convened a special seminar this year and preliminarily formulated the Recommended Standards for Buildings to be Protected in the Construction of New Rural Areas (Preliminary Draft). Many local governments have also introduced special protection regulations, such as the province's "Regulations for the Protection of Famous Historical and Cultural Cities in Zhejiang Province". The CPC Central Committee, the State Council's clear requirements, local government regulations, are in the construction of new rural areas to do a good job in the protection of vernacular architecture provides an increasingly sound policy support. The key is the cultural relics workers to use these good policies to the fullest, to put into practice.

Second, to increase the strength of vernacular architecture maintenance and protection of capital investment. Soldiers and horses have not moved, food and fodder first. The protection of vernacular architecture requires funding, which requires local governments to actively explore suitable for the local reality of the funding mechanism, encouraging all levels of government and the collective increase in capital investment at the same time, to take multiple channels to raise private funds for the protection of vernacular architecture. Strive for the central financial allocations for the rescue of national key cultural relics protection units of historical and cultural villages and traditional vernacular architecture; all levels of finance, respectively, in proportion to the extraction of protection of special funds for the rescue of vernacular architectural heritage in the region; for the other vernacular architecture is not listed as the object of protection, can be provided through the appropriate policies to encourage and guide the entry of social funds; for the property rights belong to the individual owned by a valuable For valuable vernacular architecture owned by individuals, the government should give appropriate economic subsidies.

Third, the protection of vernacular architecture should be incorporated into the village construction planning. The protection of vernacular architecture must first be done from the source, from the beginning of the work of the village and town planning intervention. To y realize that the construction of new socialist countryside is not a simple "demolition of old houses, build new villages", can not be built into new towns in the new countryside. Is to completely tear down the old and build new, or local remediation, or holistic ecological retention of ancient villages, which are to start from the actual, according to local conditions, scientific, rational planning, new village construction to do a good job of planning, must pay attention to the refining of the cultural connotation of the vernacular architecture, we must highlight the characteristics, including regional characteristics, ethnic characteristics, vernacular characteristics, etc., so that it dissolves into the process of construction of new rural areas, synchronous Coordinated development.

Fourth, the villages with concentrated vernacular architecture and relatively complete preservation of traditional culture and ecology to implement dynamic overall protection. Protection of the old village, that is, the ancient village as a whole to retain the original ecological, to follow the "repair the old as the old" principle. According to the existing various types of architectural preservation of different conditions, the historical value of the situation, to take "key protection, rational utilization, local transformation, general improvement" guiding principles, to eliminate the unrestricted demolition of old houses, expanding roads, with high value and preservation of ancient buildings should be strictly preserved in its original state; part of the damaged or functional changes in the ancient architecture should be carried out on a small scale, or the function of the village. Changes in the ancient buildings should be carried out small-scale repairs, and strive to restore the original state; on the really valuable but seriously damaged buildings should be restored in accordance with the original; resolutely dismantle the newly built and the traditional style is not coordinated with the brick-concrete structure of the building in order to restore the original style, and change the cement pavement for the traditional bluestone pavement. While preserving the layout and style of the original buildings as a whole, standards are set for the appearance of the buildings, such as forms and color tones, so that their styles are generally in harmony with the preserved buildings. In order to improve the infrastructure and enhance the quality of life of the villagers, water supply, power supply, telecommunication, cable and sewage pipes are buried while the vernacular buildings are restored in their original form; sanitary facilities are uniformly installed and modernized in the interior of the stores and dwellings, so that the villagers can enjoy a modernized life in the traditional buildings. New rural construction to the protection of vernacular architecture has brought serious challenges, but also to the construction of cultural undertakings to provide new opportunities, if you can correctly deal with the relationship between the two, into a favorable disadvantage, for the inheritance and carry forward the excellent traditional culture, has great practical significance and far-reaching historical significance.