What is the main practice of sparring?

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Sanshou is a modern competitive sport in which two people fight unarmed in accordance with certain rules, using kicking, hitting, wrestling and defense techniques in wushu, which is an important part of Chinese wushu.

Sparring is the inheritance and expression of the traditional unarmed fighting techniques of Chinese wushu, and further developed and improved on this basis. The most prominent of these is the development of the concept of paying attention to the "strokes" in traditional fighting arts into the combination of physical ability, intelligence and skills to emphasize its comprehensive application ability. There is no fixed sequence of movements between the two sides, but random changes according to the other side's technical movements, to seize the other side's weaknesses in the battle of wits and skills. It not only requires athletes to skillfully master Sanda techniques, but also have the ability to be agile and adaptive, thus clearly differentiating it from the sport form of Wushu routines. Due to the characteristics of Sanda and some social needs, Sanda is a sports program that reflects the special nature of martial arts - technical combat. In order to make Sanda moves clearly distinguishable from the content of technical strikes that cause injuries and disabilities, i.e. the so-called death-defying moves, the rules of Sanda competition strictly stipulate that the back of the head, the neck, the file and so on are forbidden to strike; in addition, in terms of technique, no matter which technical school of strikes is used, it is not allowed to use anti-joint takedowns, as well as elbows, knees and other parts of the techniques to attack the other side. Therefore, the practicality of sparring only works within a certain range, and the specification of sparring in accordance with the requirements of competitive sports programs has become the mainstream of the current development of sparring techniques, which is accepted by the public.

The development of modern sparring technique is mainly manifested in the following two aspects:

One of them is to organize, summarize and discard the forms of traditional techniques to find out the law, that is, by regularizing the punches and leg kicks of various Chinese boxing disciplines, and summarizing their basic forms of movement from them. Among them, there are two types of attacking techniques: one is straight line and the other is arc. Then, according to the principle of "pursuing effect", these two techniques are given new forms of expression, and then after repeated practice and argumentation, the basic techniques of Sanda are determined to be punching, slamming, plunging and whipping, and the basic techniques of stomping, kicking, bouncing and sweeping are determined to be stomping, kicking, bouncing and sweeping. According to the requirements of "fast wrestling" and the characteristics of "no handle", it mainly grasps the points of "destroying the center of gravity" and "swinging circle", and creates the basic techniques of Sanda. The main points of "destroying the center of gravity" and "swinging circle" are grasped, and the method of "catching and dropping" is created, which forms the Sanda technique characteristic of "kicking near and hitting close to the body and dropping". At the same time, the defense technique is also classified according to the principle of "practical effect" and divided into two basic forms of "evasive defense" and "contact defense".

Secondly, the world's combat technology to boldly learn from, absorb the beneficial components, and even specific practical techniques, so that the Sanda techniques to form the current popular model.

I. Sanshou attacking technique

Offensive technique is the main component of Sanshou technique, and the advantages and disadvantages of the technique are directly related to the victory or defeat of the game. Therefore, mastering the specifications and essentials of offensive techniques is an important task in teaching and training. Offensive techniques include a variety of techniques, legs and wrestling. According to the structure of the action can be divided into:

Straight line, including punch, stomp, kick, etc.;

Horizontal line, including slamming fist, whip fist, horizontal kicks, hook kicks, etc.;

Up and down, including copying the fist, splitting the fist, etc..

Any offensive method has its own specifications in terms of the starting and stopping points of the movement, the point of force and the route of operation, and a change in any one of these aspects will lead to a change in the method or the appearance of a wrong movement. Therefore, every method must be learned in strict accordance with the requirements of the technical specifications so that it can be mastered accurately. The requirements of the attacking technique are as follows:

1. fast speed Sanshou attacking and defending technique, if it can reflect the characteristics of "fast", will receive the opponent can not be defended against the effect. To quickly complete the attack and defense techniques, muscle power is the foundation, the correct mastery of force technique is the key to avoid the action of the "pre-swing" is fundamental.

First of all, the offensive action is to rely on muscle contraction to generate the power to complete, without the power as a guarantee, to do a fast attack is impossible;

Secondly, any martial arts school of force technique requires a combination of rigid and soft. Rigidity and flexibility are two complementary and interdependent aspects of force techniques.

Finally, there are strict requirements for the running route of each attack method and the starting and ending points of the movements. Some athletes make their movements very large in order to increase their power, or they make their movements with "foreshadowing", or they make their movements very large. Some athletes, in order to increase the power of the movement, make the movement amplitude is very large, or with "foreshadowing", such as the first after the release or first pull after hitting, unintentionally increase the running time of the movement, the result is not to achieve the effect of rapid strikes.

2. The power of the heavy The power of the heavy is the kicking, hitting, wrestling method of using the strength requirements. In sparring matches, athletes in your chase or you attack my defense in the fierce struggle, the method used must have a certain strength, in order to create a threat to the other side. How to increase the strength of the attack? Athletes must have strong strength qualities, but also to improve the coordination of the whole body force. In the moment of force, with the exhalation of breath, holding the breath to store strength, with the gas catalyze force, to achieve the intention, gas, force three in one, so that the power is more complete.

3. The point of force is accurate The point of force of the offensive technique is an important feature of the technical method, and must be accurate. Force point is not allowed, not only the method is wrong, but also easy to cause injury, such as the technical requirements of the horizontal kicking action taut foot surface, the force point in the dorsal arch or the lower end of the lower leg femur, if the force point on the dorsal end of the toes, it greatly reduces the strength of the action, and sometimes will also be kicked to injure the toes.

The reason why the force point is not allowed, one is the action of the shape of the error, such as the tensing of the foot but relaxation, the hook of the foot but straight; the second is the wrist, ankle and other joints in the force of a moment of tension is not enough; the third is the action of the error of the line of action, such as horizontal kicks into a diagonal upward teasing kicks, the force point of the bias of the foot to the inside of the arch; the fourth is the distance judgement error, such as a hook kicking the leg of the opponents a long way off, the force point falls on the feet, the thumb. Thumb. Therefore, in the usual training must be meticulous to grasp the action specifications, more moving targets and fixed targets, experience the accuracy of the action, in the actual combat to improve judgment and technical level.

4. small omen The so-called omen, refers to the action before the pre-exposure of the intention to attack. The action of the omen, this is a common error of sparring athletes. In the game, due to the action of the omen, once the opponent seized the law, the attack not only can not achieve the desired effect, but will give the opponent to create a counterattack time, leading to the failure of the game.

5. method of skillful Shun its power and break for skillful, against its power and break for clumsy, that is, the boxing proverb said "four two dial a thousand pounds". Sanshou game by the power to win is important, but to win the skill is skillful. Clever method, must be with the timing of the attack on the opponent, grasp the opponent's center of gravity, control the strength of the action organically combined, in order to receive the best results.

Two, Sanshou defensive techniques

Accurate and skillful defense, one can protect themselves; the other can create conditions for a better attack. Defense is proactive, its purpose is to better offense.

The general requirement of the defense technique is to react quickly and accurately to the opponent's attacking time, running route, attacking methods and parts, and to achieve the degree of automation. Evasive defense and contact defense are two different types of defense methods, and their technical requirements are different.

1. Dodging defense requires appropriate timing, displacement accuracy, overall coordination: appropriate timing, is the requirement of defense time and attack time should be just right, not too early and not too late. Dodging too early, the opponent will shift the target of the attack, late, there is a possibility of being hit. Therefore, the practitioner must have good reaction ability.

Displacement accuracy means that when dodging the opponent's attack, the change in body posture or distance traveled should have a high degree of accuracy. Beginners often miss the opportunity because they dodge too much or move too far.

Overall coordination is the requirement for body coordination. Whether it is the front dodge back, or left and right dodge, must pay attention to the integrity, consistency. For example, when dodging backward, some practitioners just tilt their heads, and their torsos and legs do not move, forming the mistake of dodging only the head but not the body or the legs.

2. Contact defense requires a large defensive surface, small range of motion, restoration and conversion: the defensive surface should be large, is required in the actual combat process to prevent a piece, do not prevent a little bit, try to improve the success rate of defense.

Small range of action, refers to the range of defensive action to be small, should be the effect of defense and whether it is conducive to counterattack prevail. However, it is not easy to do in defense due to the influence of nervousness and fear.

Restore the conversion of fast, refers to the defense to attack after the time interval should be short. The speed of conversion between actions and action amplitude, structure, amplitude conversion slow, unreasonable structure also affects the speed of conversion. Reasonable structure of offense and defense actions should be: hit on the bottom of the defense, hit on the bottom of the defense, hit the left to protect the right, hit the right to protect the left. Not only to facilitate the conversion of attack and defense, but also to give the opponent a kind of attack method, the defense of the strict sense of fear.

Three, Sanshou defensive counterattack technology

Defensive counterattack is a composite technology, it is a combination of defense and offensive technology. There are three forms:

One is the first defense after the counterattack;

The second is the defense at the same time the counterattack;

The third is to attack instead of defense.

The success or failure of the counterattack technique, in addition to correctly and skillfully mastering the defensive and offensive techniques to achieve the degree of automation, but also need to grasp the timing of the defensive counterattack and the development of the awareness of the defensive counterattack.

The main techniques in the defensive counterattack of Sanshou Quan also include the fast wrestling method used after catching the opponent's offensive punches and kicks. The main technical requirements are as follows:

1. Borrowing Momentum Borrowing Momentum refers to the use of various wrestling in Sanda, in the opponent's center of gravity is unstable, the body is about to lose balance, a little power to wrestle them down. The key is to master the timing.

2. Lifting the bottom Lifting the bottom refers to the use of leg wrestling, in order to destroy the other side of the support point and take the lift, pull, shake, support and other methods of the other side of the fall. If the other side of the lower limb flexibility is poor, we use the bottom of the lift action, the effect is better.

3. Don't root Don't root refers to the use of a limb of the body to support the center of gravity of the other side of the limbs of the root of the support, to achieve the purpose of the other side of the fall. Such as holding the leg don't leg, holding the leg hook kick and other wrestling, it is the use of don't root technique, make the wrestling more energy and skillful.

4. leaning against the body leaning against the body refers to the body forward movement will be the other side of the fall, such as in the use of holding the leg and the use of the leg of the technique, must be coupled with the body forward movement to squeeze against the other side, the effect will be better.

While there are a lot of Sanda wrestling, and different methods have different technical requirements, but in the actual combat, such as the combination of the use of borrowed power, lifting the bottom, don't root, leaning against the body and other actions, can be more prominent Sanda wrestling fast, skillful technical characteristics.