What are the scarcest higher vocational majors?

Higher vocational colleges are universities that mainly cultivate technical talents. Higher vocational talents are the backbone of middle-level talents in China, the mainstay of China's scientific and technological development, and the most important part of China's blue-collar workers, technicians and engineers.

In the following schools, I have summarized ten majors with the highest employment rate in higher vocational colleges, which are also short of talents in China.

1. Automobile application technology mainly studies the basic theoretical knowledge in the fields of automobile technology, automobile application and automobile service, and receives systematic training in automobile service such as modern automobile diagnosis, inspection and maintenance technology and automobile marketing.

2. Road and Bridge Engineering Technology The road and bridge engineering technology major belongs to the road transportation category in the transportation category. According to the survey of professional employment published by the Ministry of Education, the employment rate of road and bridge engineering technology specialty is 90%.

3. Rail Transit Technology Rail Transit refers to a vehicle or transportation system that needs to run on a specific track. The most typical rail transit is the railway system composed of traditional trains and standard railways.

4. Power Generation and Power System Technology This major mainly trains high-quality skilled professionals who are engaged in the all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique and beauty in the front line of installation, operation, maintenance and technical management of power plants and power systems.

5. Medical Beauty Technology The medical beauty technology major is a new medical technology major, which is guided by the theory of human body beauty and adopts surgical and non-surgical medical means to directly maintain, repair and reshape human body beauty in order to enhance people's vitality.

6. Building Engineering Technology The major of building engineering technology mainly includes five aspects: civil engineering, heating and gas engineering, elevator and fire fighting, and water supply and drainage engineering. Construction engineering technology is a major under the catalogue of civil engineering majors in ordinary higher vocational colleges, belonging to civil engineering majors.

7. Computer application technology Computer application technology involves a wide range and has many employment directions, which has always been a hot topic in the college entrance examination. Computer application technology major has the theoretical basis of management, computer science and technology knowledge and application ability.

8. Business English Business English aims to meet the language requirements of workplace life, and its content involves all aspects of business activities. Business English course is not only to improve students' English level and ability.

9. Accounting is an economic management activity that takes money as the main unit of measurement and uses special methods to continuously, systematically and comprehensively reflect and supervise the economic activities of enterprises, institutions or other economic organizations.

10. Students majoring in international trade should systematically master the basic principles of Marxist economics and the basic theories of international economy and international trade, and master the basic knowledge and skills of international trade.

202 1 single-recruit registration for higher vocational education starts at 9: 00 this morning. * * * is divided into ten categories, and none of them is in short supply, because each major has a corresponding undergraduate graduate student. For the same major, the single move in higher vocational education is a college. In terms of competitiveness, the single-recruit category is definitely not competitive.

Among the ten categories, the top three are transportation, computer and civil engineering, and these three categories of employment are all good.

Transportation can go to the Railway Institute. When graduating, the railway bureau will go to the school to recruit people, and it is very likely that it will directly become a formal railway employee. It also includes energy and power, and materials majors also belong to this category, and employment is also good.

The programming and design of computer classes are good majors. Everyone knows that the salary of programmers is still considerable, and the future development prospects of artificial intelligence and 5g are also good;

Civil engineering, I can be a project manager in the future. When I am Party A, making money is no small matter! It also includes resources, environment and safety, water conservancy and other majors.

In addition to these three hot topics, girls can apply for education, study as a kindergarten teacher and major in preschool education, which is also a decent job for girls, or a nursing class, and then come out as a nurse; Boys can choose mechanical manufacturing, public management, finance and trade.

Art needs special talents, which vary from person to person, including music, art, dance and performance.

Finally, ten categories are attached:

First, civil engineering.

Second, traffic.

Third, machinery manufacturing.

Fourth, agriculture and forestry.

V. Public Administration and Tourism

Education of intransitive verbs and physical education

Seven. medical care

Eight. art

Nine. Finance and commerce

X. computer

As long as higher vocational majors conform to the national development strategy or adapt to local economic and social development or are closely linked with the development of emerging industries, such majors must be the most scarce.

At present, there are eight categories of higher vocational majors with large demand and short supply:

1. Equipment manufacturing major: electromechanical integration, electrical automation, mechanical manufacturing and automation, operation and maintenance of robots and electromechanical equipment, etc.

2. Electronic information major: big data operation and maintenance, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, computer application, computer network technology, computer software and other majors;

3. Modern service industry majors: hotel management, tourism, gem identification and processing, pension, nursing, midwifery and other majors;

4. Finance and business majors: e-commerce, marketing, accounting, logistics management and other majors;

5. Resources and environment major: meteorology, surveying and mapping, geology, mining, metallurgy, chemical engineering and other majors;

6. Transportation majors: flight attendants, maritime passenger transport, aircraft maintenance, automobile maintenance, road and bridge construction and other majors;

7. Emergency management major: emergency rescue, safety technology, disaster prevention and relief, fire safety, geological disaster prevention, etc.

8. Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery majors: agricultural breeding, breeding, planting, veterinary medicine, water conservancy and other majors.

Times have changed. To understand the most scarce higher vocational majors, we need to understand the major changes of the national vocational education policy first.

1.202 1 is the first year of vocational education reform, and vocational education, especially higher vocational education, will undergo major reforms.

Two, 202 1 and after the shortage of professional has the following categories.

In fact, as long as we pay a little attention, we will find that in March, 20021,the Ministry of Education issued the Catalogue of Vocational Education Specialty (202 1). On the basis of scientific analysis of the relationship between industries, occupations, posts and majors, the Catalogue integrates different levels of secondary vocational education, higher vocational education and higher vocational education undergraduate major settings, with * * * settings 1 9 categories, 97 categories and 1349 majors, including 358 secondary vocational majors and 744 higher vocational colleges. Short majors and popular majors have bread here. Therefore, when applying for and studying majors, it is very helpful for you to double this catalogue first.

1. computer. There are three new majors in this category, namely blockchain technology application, industrial software development technology and cryptographic technology application. Among them, blockchain technology application major 16 college, industrial software development technology major 17 college, cryptographic technology application major 10 college.

2. Finance and trade. Cross-border electronic commerce, Internet of Things, online marketing and live e-commerce, international cultural trade and cold chain logistics have always been popular majors.

3. Data information category. The major of big data technology and application ranks first, with * * * newly-built vocational colleges 19 1 and 389 colleges. In 20 18, this major became the major with the largest number of newly established majors. The data industry is a new industry that the country is developing vigorously, and the huge talent gap has attracted a large number of higher vocational colleges to actively participate in the construction.

4. Service industry and rural agriculture. In recent years, nursing, preschool education, infant care, agricultural products processing and marketing, modern agricultural technology, green food, etc. It has continued to exert its strength and the market prospect is very promising.

5. Machinery manufacturing, engineering, electricity, water and electricity, etc. It belongs to an old-fashioned major and has been very good in recent years. But now it is also upgrading.

6. New majors such as integrated circuit design and integrated system are mostly in higher vocational colleges or undergraduate majors.

In short, take a look at the new professional directory settings. Most of the newly added majors are hot majors in market demand. The merged and replaced majors are no longer suitable for the market demand, or the demand is relatively low. In addition, we should see that the country is now carrying out vocational education reform. The development of the country depends on technology and skilled workers. Higher vocational education is promising!

According to my personal understanding, I suggest you apply for the following majors:

1. Major in construction, operation and maintenance of high-voltage transmission and distribution lines,

Mainly in power supply companies, power transmission and transformation construction companies, ultra-high voltage departments (companies), power line survey and design units, industrial and mining enterprises and other enterprises and institutions engaged in the installation, construction, operation, maintenance and survey and design of power transmission and distribution lines. ? Professional employment rate reached 98.7%?

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2. Power system automation technology major,

All kinds of enterprises and institutions in the field of power system; Power companies, power supply bureau dispatching management departments and technology centers are engaged in automatic operation management; Large and medium-sized power plants and substations are engaged in telecontrol automation control technology and microcomputer communication technology management, duty operation and electrical test technology; Engaged in line maintenance, electrical equipment installation, debugging and management in power supply bureau; Enterprises and institutions are engaged in technical management and maintenance of distribution systems. The employment rate reached 95.9%?

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3. Power system relay protection and automation specialty

Small and medium-sized hydropower plants, power companies at all levels, power supply bureaus, industrial and mining enterprises and institutions are engaged in technical and management work such as relay protection, electrical automation devices and secondary circuit operation, overhaul, maintenance, design, installation and commissioning. ? The employment rate reached 95.8%?

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? 4. Electrified Railway Technology Specialty

Railway electrification operation and construction management, urban electrification transportation, underground railway, industrial and mining electrification transportation, power supply and distribution transformation of industrial enterprises and other technical work. ? The employment rate reached 95.6%?

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5.？ Pre-school education/preschool education major

Kindergarten teachers: working in kindergartens, nurseries, parent-child parks and other pre-school educational institutions at all levels, can serve as training and guidance for children's English, dance, art, piano and other skills; Researchers: engaged in early childhood education research in preschool education research institutions and health care departments; Others: engaged in consulting services, product development and book publishing related to preschool education. Professional employment rate reached 95.6%?

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6.？ . Water conservancy and hydropower construction engineering specialty

Large and medium-sized enterprises and institutions in the water conservancy and hydropower industry and local water conservancy departments are engaged in the design, construction and management of water conservancy and hydropower projects. The employment rate reached 95.2%?

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VII ... Community Management and Service Specialty

Community service and property management. The employment rate reached 94.7%?

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.8. Water supply and drainage engineering technology specialty

Jobs include: serving urban construction, water engineering company, metallurgy, chemical industry and other industrial enterprises engaged in water treatment, building water supply and drainage and water treatment engineering design, construction, supervision or engaged in analysis and testing; Serving water engineering companies and environmental protection engineering companies, engaged in the design, construction, operation and maintenance of water pollution control projects, as well as the marketing of pollution control equipment; Serve the environmental protection management system and engage in environmental management and environmental monitoring. The employment rate reached 94.5%?

?

9. Major in Urban Rail Transit Operation Management

After graduation, I will be mainly engaged in urban rail transit organization and dispatching organization, passenger transport organization and comprehensive management.

The employment rate reached 93.9%?

If there is a shortage, it is the newly added specialty in recent years, which is not only in short supply, but also in urgent need.

In addition, China has entered an aging society, and professionals such as aged care service, health management and rehabilitation nursing are also in urgent need.

What's more, China is a big manufacturing country-a factory in the world, ranking first in the world. The corresponding majors of traditional manufacturing equipment-mechanical automation and electrical automation-are also the professions that the country urgently needs talents.

On the contrary, which occupations or occupations will be replaced by machines or robots?

For example, pharmaceutical and food enterprises used to be labor-intensive industries. Now, in addition to R&D and innovation, the processing and sales of food and drugs have been replaced by machines and networks. Who else needs technology and processing?

In addition, accounting, finance, business administration and marketing are gradually replaced by accounting system and network marketing. This kind of major is the largest and overcrowded major in China. Where do higher vocational graduates find jobs?

There is also a major with a bachelor's degree called civil engineering, such as architecture, which is also among the best in the number of students and is being replaced by prefabricated parts, machines or robots.

Emerging engineering specialty, traditional engineering specialty, rehabilitation nursing, elderly service specialty.

It is understood that the number of students in higher vocational colleges is about120,000 in 2020, and the undergraduate admission rate in 2020 is about 45% (taking the national average). 50% of the students were eliminated from the senior high school entrance examination, and most of them either went to secondary vocational schools or vocational high schools, which eventually belonged to higher vocational schools (that is, junior colleges). In 2020, there will be about150,000 senior high school entrance examination graduates, which means that about 7 million students will embark on the road of higher vocational education; In 2020, there will be 107 1 10,000 college graduates, of which about 50%, that is, about 5 million people will enter higher vocational colleges.

The above data shows one thing: even if you stand out from the crowd in the junior high school and get into an ordinary high school, it doesn't mean that undergraduate colleges will wave to you. Although I entered the ordinary high school, I stepped into the threshold of the university with one foot, but more than half of them entered the higher vocational school.

Next, let's discuss the major with the highest employment rate, the major with the best development prospects and the major with the highest employment salary.

I. Major with the highest employment rate in higher vocational colleges:

1, automobile inspection and maintenance technology:

This major is in the forefront of the enrollment expansion in 20021higher vocational colleges. Since colleges and universities are expanding their enrollment in this major, the social demand is naturally great. It is understood that in 20021year, the number of motor vehicle drivers in China was 469 million, including 43 1 10,000. By June of 20021year, the number of motor vehicles in China reached 384 million, including 292 million cars.

This data is too impressive. With the development of society, the number of cars owned by families will only increase, so the demand for professional and technical personnel of automobile inspection and maintenance will naturally increase. Now the employment rate of this major is as high as 92%, which is a very good choice for higher vocational students.

2, construction engineering technology:

With the development of our country, architecture cannot be stopped. Architecture involves our life and travel, and it is an indispensable technology in our life. According to the statistics of China's construction industry and the National Bureau of Statistics, more than 30 provinces and cities in China have made growth plans for the construction industry and issued necessary industrial policies. The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) is working out the development outline of China's construction industry, and has put forward some preliminary opinions on the industrial policies for the development of the construction industry. According to relevant inquiries, architectural professionals have been listed as 12 talents in short supply in China.

The employment rate of construction engineering technology is as high as 92%, and the salary is also very good. About 3 1% of the graduates majoring in construction engineering technology earn more than 1 000. Of course, graduates of any major must have excellent skills in order to get high salaries that ordinary people can't get.

3, logistics management:

China leads the world in logistics speed, which is attributed to the wisdom and diligence of China people. By the end of 65438+February 2020, the number of online shopping users in China has reached 782 million, and the annual sales of online shopping market in China has reached 10.8 trillion yuan, accounting for 2 1.9% of the total social sales. More and more people are willing to choose online shopping. First, it is convenient, second, it is cheap, and third, the products are diverse.

With the increase of online shopping, logistics is naturally a test. It is understood that the logistics market still maintains a steady growth trend, and the employment rate of this major is as high as 92. 1%, which is slightly higher than the above two majors.

Second, the major with the best development prospects:

1, Internet of Things application technology:

In the employment white paper in 2020, the application technology of Internet of Things was listed as a green card major in higher vocational education. Green card major refers to a major with good development prospects, high employment rate, large demand and good salary. Of course, as far as the current educational resources are concerned, the application technology of the Internet of Things is much less than other majors, but after all, the Internet of Things technology is one of the future development directions and a growing sunrise major.

Is this data amazing enough? There is no doubt about the development prospect of logistics network. Imagine that in the future, when we walk into the house, we can enjoy all the services at home, including cooking, washing clothes, running bath water and so on. Nothing needs to be done, and everything can be done in an orderly way in one sentence. Of course, this is only an imagination, and it will take many years to realize it. However, aren't we moving in this direction bit by bit?

2, computer application technology:

It is well known that computer-related majors have become a hot topic now. In recent years, most colleges and universities are offering computer-related majors. Even in 20021,the number of universities offering computer majors is still increasing, but the growth rate is much smaller. But it does not hinder the huge demand for this major. Computers are widely used in today's society. For example, as a self-media user, editing videos every day is not a computer application.

The future development is bound to be inseparable from computers. Perhaps in the near future, computers will become a skill that everyone must master. With the development of 5G, the demand for computer talents will continue to expand, and students should seize this wave of benefits.

3, artificial intelligence major:

Some time ago, freshmen in Tsinghua University became very popular-Hua was the first "virtual student" in Tsinghua University and the product of artificial intelligence. Professor Tsinghua University, academic vice president of Zhiyuan Research Institute, said that Hua is an artificial intelligence driven by data and knowledge. Its learning ability mainly lies in extracting knowledge from data, and machines can process data, thus achieving sustainable learning. At present, I have mastered: composing music, writing poems, drawing pictures and writing plays.

Hua is just a "virtual body" without a real body, but her intelligence is far beyond our imagination, which makes China take a big step forward in the field of artificial intelligence. In April 2020, the National Development and Reform Commission defined the scope of new infrastructure, including information infrastructure, converged infrastructure and innovative infrastructure, including 5G, industrial Internet, artificial intelligence, big data center, new energy charging, intercity high-speed rail and UHV.

With the support of national policies, it is destined that the development prospect of artificial intelligence should not be underestimated, and it is indeed a very good choice for us students.

Three, the highest salary in higher vocational employment:

1, Stomatology:

I went to the hot pot restaurant downstairs for dinner the other day. The business of this hot pot restaurant was relatively slow, so I chatted with the proprietress. The proprietress's son is a stomatologist. After graduation, I worked in a private stomatological hospital with a monthly salary of more than 20,000 yuan. In addition, his son works in another hospital with a monthly salary of more than 10 thousand.

Stomatology is indeed a major with high salary at present, and it is a rare choice for higher vocational students. Of course, warm reminder: if you choose this major, you can't be lazy in your study. Only with excellent skills can you earn more than 10,000 yuan, otherwise you will harm others and yourself, and the loss will outweigh the gain. Generally speaking, the salary of fresh graduates may not be as high as the boss's son mentioned above, but there is still a salary of 7 thousand to 8 thousand.

2, navigation technology major:

The salary of this major is still good. If you choose well and take the international line, the salary can be more than 10 thousand, and the average salary can be more than 4 thousand or 5 thousand Of course, with the growth of your length of service, your salary will gradually rise, and it is relatively easy to make an annual salary of 100 thousand.

My brother in the same village studied this major and now lives a "sea" life. When I first entered the village, the salary was not particularly high, but at least it looked like four or five thousand yuan, and the expenses were not that big. If students like marine life, they might as well consider this major. Compared with other majors, the salary of this major is really considerable.

3, railway transportation major:

According to the White Paper on the Employment of College Students in China in 2020, the average monthly salary of this major is about 5 100, which ranks in the forefront of the monthly income of higher vocational majors and doesn't like life at sea. This kind of major is really a good choice.

In fact, for college students, the salary of most graduates is less than 10 thousand, and most of them are only about 3,000 or 4,000. Making money is not as easy as we thought. Don't aim too high, thinking you can make a lot of money right away. Everyone needs time to settle down and study after graduation, just like Rancher of Bollywood: We pursue Excellence, and success will naturally follow.

If you choose a major, you should study hard and concentrate on it. As long as you improve yourself and become a top figure in the industry, you can stand out and become an enviable "other people's child."

I am a "student growth plan", however, when China keeps our friendship and paradise is still our neighbor. Thank you for your patience! !

Recently, the results of the college entrance examination have just come out, and there may be many candidates with unsatisfactory results or lack of self-study, so they can only go to higher vocational colleges and not to universities.

But don't be sad at this time, and don't be sad. If you go to a higher vocational school and choose a better major, your employment may not be worse than that of an undergraduate. If you choose the right major, your future employment is likely to be better than that of your undergraduate course, so I recommend several vocational majors that are in short supply.

The employment of water conservancy and hydropower majors is also better. To put it bluntly, water conservancy and hydropower buildings and facilities are all over the country, and many of these building facilities need a large number of front-line staff.

For example, the construction, maintenance and operation of many hydropower stations require a large number of staff. The employment of graduates majoring in water conservancy and hydropower in colleges and universities is still very good.

At the very least, there are many channels for this professional counterpart. Moreover, future jobs will enter hydropower stations and other places. These jobs basically belong to state-owned enterprises, and the work is still very stable.

Professional employment in the tobacco industry is also better. Because there are still few undergraduate colleges specializing in tobacco, only a few agricultural universities and some light industrial universities have them. But in many agricultural vocational and technical colleges, these colleges basically have tobacco majors.

Because the employment of tobacco major is ok, if you have a good professional foundation, you can take an examination of tobacco monopoly bureau or cigarette factory after graduation.

Although these positions don't sound particularly high-end, they are basically well-paid, and the salary is definitely much higher than that of civil servants. It is normal for regular employees in the tobacco system to earn more than 10 thousand yuan a month.

The rail transit major of Communications Vocational and Technical College is also very good. This major is very good whether it is promoted to undergraduate, postgraduate entrance examination or later employment. Because in recent years, with the vigorous development of national high-speed rail and subway, high-speed rail has basically become more and more common in China.

Therefore, with the popularization of these two means of transportation, there is an increasing demand for talents in this field, which can be said to be in short supply.

For example, the subway, if you work in the subway, there are still many jobs. Like the normal maintenance and duty personnel in the subway, in fact, many of them graduated from junior college. The employment prospect is still very broad, so it can be said that it is no problem to find a job.

Another major is nursing. Everyone should be familiar with the nursing profession. The main destination of graduation is to be a nurse. Then there are still many channels for employment. For example, after graduation, enter various hospitals, sanatoriums, community hospitals, infirmary of enterprises and institutions, health care work and so on.

The job of nurse is still very tiring, but the salary of nurse is still very good in the whole industry. Especially in some top three hospitals and some provincial hospitals, it is normal for nurses to get more than 10 thousand a month.

But nurses may need to work overtime often and sometimes work night shifts. There may be a lack of time to take care of the family, but the employment rate and salary are ok.

In addition, the recommended major is the electric power major of the Institute of Electric Power. Here are some electric power colleges. For example, Xi Electric Power College, Zhengzhou Electric Power College, Shandong Electric Power College, Chongqing Electric Power College, Changsha Electric Power Vocational and Technical College, etc.

These schools are very good, and the annual admission scores are still relatively high. Therefore, it can be reflected from the side that the employment of electric power specialty is still relatively good, otherwise the admission score will not be so high, attracting many candidates to apply for the exam.

Then I recommend several good majors in electric power colleges. There are mainly two majors, one is power plant and power system, and the other is power system automation technology. These two majors are mainly for power plants and power supply companies.

The employment rate and satisfaction of these two majors are very high. Everyone should know about power plants and power supply companies. The salary is still very good, at least it belongs to state-owned enterprises, and the work is very stable.

Accounting major is financial management. This major should be familiar to everyone. Then if you are engaged in accounting, it is easier to find a job. Although the salary may be lower at first.

But if you work long hours and have experience, you can still get a salary of six or seven thousand yuan if you can find a supervisor. Another is that if you can pass CPA, you will be very popular, and you will get a lot of treatment if you are affiliated with a company. And accounting students of both sexes can apply for the exam.

Finally, I will share with you the employment green card major announced by the Ministry of Education in 2020, and then focus on the higher vocational education major. It mainly includes locomotive and railway engineering technology, social sports, power system relay protection and automation technology, mobile Internet application technology, power plant and power system, and Internet of Things application technology.

Generally speaking, higher vocational colleges are mainly those related to transportation and electric power.

The 2020 employment red card announced by the Ministry of Education mainly involves legal affairs, Chinese education, cooking technology and nutrition, primary education and tour guides. These majors are relatively large in employment satisfaction, salary, unemployment and so on. I hope everyone will try to avoid applying for these majors.

Therefore, when applying for higher vocational colleges, we should choose our major as carefully as possible. Choose some practical engineering majors, at least there is no problem in employment.

The other is that I hope everyone will never give up when they go to higher vocational colleges, because many students who study in higher vocational colleges study hard during their junior college years, and they can still pass the college entrance examination, then improve their academic qualifications through postgraduate entrance examination and examinations, and finally realize the great changes in their lives.

Artificial intelligence; But most of them will consider bachelor degree or above.

Higher vocational colleges suggest choosing e-commerce, electromechanical, numerical control, automobile maintenance and other majors. Whether they are employed or master technology, they are relatively good and can learn real things.

Nurses and kindergarten teachers need everything.