Basic organic chemical raw materials

The direct raw materials of basic organic chemicals include hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, ethylene, acetylene, propylene, aliphatic hydrocarbons above C4, benzene, toluene, xylene and ethylbenzene. They come from oil, natural gas and coal. Crude oil, petroleum fractions or pyrolysis gas of low-carbon alkanes (see pyrolysis gas separation), refinery gas and coal gas can be separated to produce aliphatic hydrocarbon raw materials with different uses; Aromatic raw materials can be separated from reformed gasoline of catalytic reforming, cracked gasoline of hydrocarbon cracking and coal tar of coal dry distillation. Appropriate petroleum fractions can also be directly used as raw materials for some products; Other low-carbon alkanes except methane can be separated from wet natural gas; Syngas can be produced by coal gasification and steam reforming or partial oxidation of natural gas, refinery gas, petroleum fraction or crude oil; Acetylene can be made from calcium carbide made from coke, or from cracking natural gas and naphtha. In addition, raw materials can be obtained from agricultural by-products (see agricultural chemical products).