Definition of consumer

Consumers, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) believes that consumers are individual members of society who buy and use goods and services for personal consumption.

Consumers are different from producers or sellers. He or she must be the end user of products and services, not the producer or operator. In other words, his or her purpose of buying goods is mainly for personal or family needs rather than business or sales, which is the most essential feature of consumers. As consumers, their consumption activities include not only buying and using products for personal and family life needs, but also accepting services provided by others for personal and family life needs. But whether buying and using goods or receiving services, its purpose is only to meet the needs of individuals and families, not the needs of production and operation.

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Emblem of China Consumers Association

Biologically speaking, consumers are also a biological community in essence. Heterotrophs, including herbivores and carnivores, is called a consumer. As the name implies, these consumers can't directly use solar energy to produce food, but can only directly or indirectly eat green plants to get energy. According to the different feeding status, it can be divided into first-class consumers who directly rely on plant branches, leaves, fruits, seeds and litter, such as grasshoppers, rabbits, deer, cattle, horses, sheep and other herbivores. Carnivores that feed on herbivores are secondary consumers, such as weasels, foxes and frogs. There is a law of the jungle relationship among carnivores, and the strong among them become third-and fourth-class consumers. These advanced consumers are the fiercest carnivores in the biological world, such as lions, tigers, eagles and sharks in the water. Some animals eat both plants and animals, which are called omnivores, such as some birds and fish. Consumers are in the middle of the process of material and energy transformation in the ecosystem.