Transportation status of reefer container transportation

One, the railroad reefer container transportation status

1. Reefer container introduction reefer container is the transportation needs to maintain a certain temperature of frozen goods or cooled goods containers, it is designed for the transportation of fish, shrimp, meat, fresh fruits, vegetables and other perishable food design. Currently used in the international reefer container is basically divided into two kinds: one is the container with refrigeration device mechanical reefer container (also known as built-in reefer container); another box without refrigeration device and only thermal insulation equipment, the container end wall is equipped with inlet and outlet holes, the container is installed in the cabin in the back of the ship's refrigeration device by the ship's supply of cool air, called as a clutch reefer container (also known as external reefer container). Reefer box can control the temperature range is generally in a 30 ℃ ~ 20 ℃.

The current development of the railroad reefer box is combined with the railroad transport characteristics of the design of the 45-foot diesel-electric integrated mechanical reefer box, compared with the traditional mechanical reefer, reefer box is more in line with the modern reefer logistics small batch, multi-batch transport characteristics, and can be realized through the multimodal transport of the whole cold chain, for the railroad reefer transport to the vertical extension to create the conditions.

Railway reefer container transportation status railroad reefer container is held by China Railway Container Transportation Company Limited by China Railway Tielong Container Logistics Company Limited (hereinafter referred to as Tielong), according to the current situation of China's refrigerated transport market, combined with the characteristics of railroad transportation research and development of mechanical reefer containers, the company is responsible for the organization of the source of goods (including live and fresh perishable cargoes and other suitable for the box cargo source), with Tielong The company is responsible for organizing cargo sources (including fresh and perishable goods and other suitable cargo sources), and organizing operations in Zhengzhou East and Yangpu, Chengdu East, Kunming South, Wuxi, and Korla and Yangpu as the shipper, and is responsible for technical services including diesel fuel filling, pre-cooling of the box, plugging in the reefer yard, parameter setting and checking, etc., in the station of dispatching and arriving.

2, the difficulties in the transportation of refrigerated containers by rail

(1). Reefer box on the way to sustained refrigeration time is insufficient at present reefer box on the way to sustained refrigeration time for 10 days, and the actual transportation of fresh and live perishable goods are mostly long-distance transportation, some of the long-distance transportation on the way to time is far more than 10 days, to 6 l0 months of each year in xinjiang grapes transportation, for example, the main arrival station more than in guangzhou railroads (group) within the company's tube, the distance of up to more than 4000 kilometers, the on the way to time of 1 5 days! Around, the use of mechanical refrigerated car transportation often need to refuel on the way. Therefore, if the time in transit can not be controlled within 1 0 days, will produce the problem of refueling on the way, along the way can be handled reefer refueling operations of the site has not yet been determined, the scope of application of the reefer will be limited, and can not give full play to the advantages of long-distance transportation by rail.

(2). Reefer refueling operation program is not clear refueling operation is a reefer transportation in a vital operation, it is a reefer on the way to the normal operation of the security, and reefer generator diesel fuel used belongs to the second level of flammable liquids, refueling operations of the station must have dangerous goods handling qualifications. In the past, the container handling station, whether it is an ordinary box or a special box, there is no need for refueling operations, for the first time for the reefer refueling operations.

Previously, the railroad machinery reefer supplement diesel fuel is carried out through the mechanical insulation section and the relevant machine section, there are special lines to park vehicles, refueling operations carried out by specialized personnel to strictly ensure the safety of the entire operation process. Existing container transport operating procedures for reefer refueling operations are not yet clearly defined, should be clear in the relevant stations for refueling operations program.

(3). Handling station operation process to be refined reefer containers in the originating station and the terminal station of the technical operation is very important.

First of all, compared with general-purpose containers, reefer containers are equipped with more complex operation of generators and refrigeration units, and the diesel fuel used for flammable liquids, technical operations in the station than general-purpose containers are very different. Secondly, compared with the mechanical refrigerated cars, reefer containers are not accompanied by the crew responsible for monitoring the equipment along the way, in the trial period, although the company is responsible for the day-to-day technical service operations by the iron dragon, but taking into account the development of the future, how to incorporate the railroad safety responsibility system must be further clarified.

(4). Fresh and live perishable goods transportation regulations are not yet on the provisions of the reefer box railroad refrigerated transport is the main object of fresh and live perishable goods, has always been, the railroad transportation of fresh and live perishable goods procedures, conditions of transport, packaging and loading methods and other relevant provisions are by the railroad rules for the transportation of fresh and live goods)) (hereinafter referred to as the fresh rules)))) provisions, and in the reefer box during the trial period, although the provisions of its shipment of perishable goods transportation conditions, packaging and loading methods can be further clarified. Conditions, packaging and loading methods can be compared with ((fresh regulations)), but because of the fresh regulations stipulated in the relevant conditions are formulated for the railroad refrigerated cars, and refrigerated cars and refrigerated containers in the following aspects there is a gap. First of all, the volume is different, mechanical reefer vehicles for the length of the vehicle are 2.0, longer than the reefer box, the corresponding volume is also larger than the reefer box, therefore, the car body and cargo pre-cooling time are different. Secondly, the reefer box for the single side of the cold, and mechanical reefer most of the double side of the cold, and reefer box door in the end of the box, and reefer door is located in the side wall of the reefer car, the location is different, pre-cooling effect is also different.

Three, improve the railroad reefer transport related measures

1. shorten the reefer box in transit time to strengthen the transport organization and management, should try to organize shipping in the five scheduled trains, direct or through trains and other fast cargo trains, strict control of the time in transit, in accordance with the organization of reefer transport of live and perishable goods to do the organization of the priority approval plan, the priority of the car, the priority of the formation, the priority of the shipment, Priority emptying, to reduce the midway disassembly, shorten the time in transit.

2. Select the better refueling program for the reefer tank after the formal operation of the reefer tank refueling operations, according to previous experience, the following several operational programs.

(1) Program one. On-board refueling, that is, the reefer container with the vehicle transferred to the machine section or mechanical insulation section, without unloading the car refueling operations. Due to the previous container handling station has not handled the reefer refueling operations, if the reefer will be unloaded after refueling in the station also need to be equipped with the appropriate supporting facilities and related personnel. Therefore, the reefer refueling operations can be entrusted to the machine section, mechanical insulation section and other units with refueling capacity to operate.

For fresh and live perishable goods transportation is mostly long-distance transportation this characteristic, according to the average turnaround time of the container or the average turnaround time of the previous reefer, in the railroad network to choose the station with refueling conditions for the refueling operation, but also help to further expand the scope of application of the reefer container.

(2) Program II. Containers unloaded by the container handling station for refueling operations. This program needs to be equipped with corresponding oil storage facilities and refueling equipment to the handling station, the advantage is to ensure a stable supply, security is guaranteed, but must be compiled llJ,l,N the refueling should be operating procedures, and training of the relevant operating personnel. In the case of more reefer handling stations, the investment is larger, increasing the operating cost of reefer.

(3) Program three. Outsourcing operation, entrusting off-road units, i.e. non-railway units, to carry out refueling operation in the station, avoiding the fixed cost investment of equipping corresponding oil storage facilities and refueling equipment, as well as the training of the corresponding operating personnel, but it is necessary to refine the refueling operation process, avoiding the conflict between its operation process and the other container operation in the station, and at the same time, it is necessary to ensure the timeliness and safety of refueling operation to avoid delaying the operation of reefer container shipment. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure the timeliness and safety of the refueling operation to avoid delaying the reefer shipment operation.

(4) Program four. Shippers refueling by themselves, by the reefer box user is responsible for refueling operations, also can be avoided with the corresponding oil storage facilities and refueling equipment and the corresponding operator training, reduce operating costs, but also need to refueling operation process refinement, in order to ensure that the process of its operation and the other containers in the station operation does not conflict at the same time, to ensure that refueling operation safety.

Considering the advantages and disadvantages of the above programs, it is recommended to take a combination of programs, in the road network to select the perishable goods sent to a larger amount of container handling station to take program two; in the fresh and live perishable goods sent to a smaller amount of handling station to take program four; for the reefer containers need to be refueled during the operation of the operation to take the program one.

3. Improve the reefer box operating procedures railroad container transport organization and operation by the "railroad container transport rules and railroad container transport management rules, and the current transport rules are mainly for the railroad general box, the original special containers and special containers, which did not make provisions for reefer containers, and the new railroad reefer containers not only the external dimensions of the traditional railroad containers are different, but also equipped with more complex operation of diesel fuel. And equipped with more complex operation of diesel-electric integrated refrigeration unit, in the management of 17t often should be more detailed transport organization and operation.

To this end, in view of the actual operation of the problems that may arise, the handling station operation process is recommended as follows.

(1) reefer generator diesel fuel belongs to the second level of flammable liquids, in the process of grouping operations are required in accordance with the rules governing the management of dangerous goods transportation by railroad grouping segregation, and in the handling station and the yard stacking, and other containers should be kept at a safe distance.

(2) due to the complexity of the reefer container equipment, its quality inspection, in addition to the general box failure inspection, the need for professionals to check the status of the generator set and refrigeration unit, including whether the oil tank leakage, generator set and refrigeration unit is running normally, etc., should be compiled relevant operating procedures, a clear process of reefer container operations.

4. Improve the provisions of the relevant rules and regulations as a new type of railroad refrigerated transport means, reefer investment costs are higher, and there is diesel fuel consumption and electricity consumption, its operating costs are higher than ordinary containers, the use of the fee should also be higher than the ordinary containers, different refueling program options will also result in the difference in operating costs. Therefore, the tariff of reefer containers should be clarified through the measurement of relevant costs.

At the same time, the reefer container as a new type of perishable goods transportation tool, and the internal structure of the reefer truck there are big differences, technical operations and reefer operations are also different, the basic conditions of its transport, loading and unloading operations and the operation of the organization should be clear.