What are the traditional techniques for rockery?

Rockery is a mountain built with earth, stone and other materials for the purpose of landscaping in gardens. Rockeries have many landscaping functions, such as forming the main scenery or terrain skeleton of the garden, dividing and organizing the garden space, arranging courtyards, revetments, slope protection, earth retaining, and setting up natural flower beds. It can also be combined with garden buildings, garden paths, sites and garden plants to form a variety of scenery, thereby reducing the artificial atmosphere, adding natural interest, and integrating the garden buildings into the landscape environment. Therefore, rockery has become one of the characteristics of Chinese natural landscape gardens. The most fundamental principle of rockery art: "What is true becomes false, and what is false becomes true." The natural landscape is the artistic source and basis for rockery creation. Although the real mountain is beautiful, it is difficult to visit it often. Rockeries are placed near residences. As works of art, they are more general and refined than real mountains. They can embody people's thoughts and feelings, giving them the charm of "a mountain is beautiful and every inch of stone is emotional". Man-made rockeries must strive not to reveal any traces of artificiality, making it difficult to distinguish between true and false.

The rockery, which is in the same vein as traditional Chinese landscape painting, is valuable in that it seems real but not real. Although it is fake, it is still real and is thought-provoking. The main principles of rockery: the layout of the landscape (that is, selecting and combining the environmental conditions to determine the frame and landscape situation of the landscape), mixing the false with the true; distinguishing the guest and the host; taking into account the three distant places (the Song Dynasty painter Guo Xi said in "Linquan Gaozhi": "There are three mountains" Far. Looking up from the bottom of the mountain to the top of the mountain is called high and far; looking from the front of the mountain to the back of the mountain is called far-reaching; looking from the nearby mountain to the distant mountain is called flat and far away. According to the natural texture of water veins and rocks, the fragmented rock materials are piled up into a rockery with a sense of integrity and a certain type, so that it has "power" from a distance and "quality" and contrast when viewed up close, including size, curvature, straightness, Retracting and releasing, brightness and darkness, ups and downs, virtuality and reality, silence and noise, secludedness, darkness, backwardness, danger, etc. In terms of engineering structure, the main technology requires a solid and durable foundation, rising layer by layer, biting between stones, and balancing in equal parts to achieve the effect of "terrifying and foolproof".