What are the lunar calendar, solar calendar and lunar calendar?

Is it a lunar calendar or a solar calendar?

Actually, it's not. It's just a lunar calendar. Its years are divided into normal years and leap years, with normal years being 12 months and leap years being 13 months. In China, the lunar calendar is a calendar used in parallel with the Gregorian calendar. People generally call it habit, but it is actually a kind of yin-yang calendar, not a lunar calendar based on the moon phase cycle.

First of all, the lunar calendar

1. The definition of the lunar calendar

The calendar commonly used in China is a kind of lunar calendar, commonly called lunar calendar. A normal year has twelve months, a big month has thirty days, a small month has twenty-nine days, and a year has three hundred and fifty-four or three hundred and fifty-five days (which month is older and which month is younger is different every year). There are seven leap months in nineteen years, and a year with leap months has 383 or 384 days. According to the position of the sun, a solar year is divided into 24 solar terms, which is convenient for farming. The chronology is matched with heavenly stems and earthly branches, with a period of 60 years. According to legend, this calendar originated in the Xia Dynasty, so it is also called the Xia calendar. Also called "old calendar".

2. the leap month in the lunar calendar

Compared with the solar calendar, the time of the lunar calendar is about eleven days apart every year. If it is completely in accordance with the lunar calendar, the Spring Festival will be celebrated in summer in five years.

However, this didn't happen, because there was a great invention in China's calendar called "definite leap method".

Every 19 year has 7 leap months, and a year with leap months has 383 or 384 days, which is called leap year. Therefore, the lunar calendar is a combination of the solar calendar and the lunar calendar.

The setting of lunar leap month is related to the 24 solar terms. Twenty-four solar terms are formulated according to the solar calendar, and there are two solar terms (the former is called "solar terms" and the latter is called "neutral gas") in each month. The date of the 24 solar terms in the lunar calendar is not fixed, but postponed month by month, so in some lunar months, the gas falls at the end of the month and will be exhausted next month. Generally, there will be one month out of breath every two years, which coincides with the year when leap month is needed. Therefore, the lunar calendar stipulates that non-neutral months are leap months.

The insertion of the lunar leap month is completely artificial. The placement of leap months in different dynasties is also different. Before the Qin Dynasty, there was a time when the leap month was placed at the end of a year, which was called "March". The leap month in the early Han dynasty was placed after September, which was called "post-September". In the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (BC 104), the month without neutral gas was defined as the leap month of last month, and the word "leap" was added to the name of last month, which has been used ever since. The statistics of the astronomical department also found that the distribution of leap months is irregular.

3. Lunar cycle

In the lunar calendar, the length of the month is mainly based on the change period of the moon phase, and then the tropic year is the length of a year, while leap months generally adapt the average calendar year to the tropic year. In China, the lunar calendar is a calendar used in parallel with the Gregorian calendar, which is generally called the lunar calendar, but it is actually a yin-yang calendar, not a lunar calendar based on the moon phase cycle. In fact, the name "lunar calendar" is the result of the so-called division of the four old schools during the Cultural Revolution. This name is not very accurate. The exact name should be the Han calendar. The method of setting leap month and 24 solar terms is adopted in the Han calendar, which makes the average length of the calendar year equal to the tropic year, so it has the elements of the solar calendar. The first month of the lunar calendar is called the first month, and the months of 1 1 and 12 are called the winter month and the twelfth month, respectively. Now the winter month is rarely used. In fact, every month of the lunar calendar has a different nickname. Lunar calendar is the traditional calendar of Han nationality in China, also known as Xia calendar, Han calendar and Hua calendar. It is a kind of lunar calendar. It takes the change period of the moon phase as the length of a month and the return year of the sun as the length of a year. By setting leap months, the average calendar year adapts to the tropic year.

4. the rules of the lunar calendar

The main rules of the lunar calendar have been gradually improved and formed through many dynasties, and their forms have continued to this day. The lunar calendar belongs to a kind of lunar calendar, and the years are divided into flat years and leap years. An average year is twelve months; A leap year consists of twelve ordinary months plus one leap month, which is thirteen months in total. A month is divided into a big month and a small month, with a big month of 30 days and a small month of 29 days. The insertion of the lunar leap month is completely artificial. The placement of leap months in different dynasties is also different. Before the Qin Dynasty, there was a time when the leap month was placed at the end of a year, which was called "March". The leap month in the early Han dynasty was placed after September, which was called "post-September". In the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (BC 104), the month without neutral gas was defined as the leap month of last month, and the word "leap" was added to the name of last month, which has been used ever since. The statistics of the astronomical department also found that the distribution of leap months is irregular.

Second, the lunar calendar

The lunar calendar is based on the law that the moon revolves around the earth. The moon is also called "lunar calendar", so the lunar calendar is also called lunar calendar. Lunar calendar 1 month is called "the first lunar month", and the first day of each month is the new moon (the moon is invisible), and the fifteenth day is the full moon. "Looking at the moon" is the average cycle of the moon's profit and loss. That's what the so-called "full moon, sunny and round" means. The lunar month is calculated according to the length of the first lunar month of 29.5306 days. In order to avoid decimals, it is stipulated that there are 30 days in the first lunar month and 29 days in the second lunar month. In order to ensure that the first day of each month (the first day) must be a new moon, the arrangement of large and small months is not fixed and needs to be determined through strict observation and calculation.

Third, the solar calendar

The solar calendar is the abbreviation of the solar calendar, which is related to the earth's annual orbit around the sun. The time for the earth to go around the sun is set at one year. The Gregorian calendar is a western calendar, not created by China, so it is also called the western calendar (relative to the China calendar). The standard name of Gregorian calendar is Gregorian calendar, which is an international calendar and a solar calendar.

In the time series of the lunar calendar, people's lives are more harmonious and consistent, and spring ploughing and autumn harvest have been planned in an orderly way. The lunar calendar, in which the sun and the moon coincide, is actually far more practical than other calendars.

It is not only a calendar, but also the embodiment of thousands of years' life experience and wisdom of China people.

The China lunar calendar originated in the Xia Dynasty.

Lunar calendar is a traditional calendar in China, also known as Xia calendar, Han calendar, Hua calendar, national calendar and so on. It is a kind of lunar calendar. Take the cycle of the moon phase as the length of the month and the year when the sun returns as the age. By setting leap months, the average calendar year can adapt to the year when the sun returns. According to the rule of China's ancestor Xuanyuan the Great, this year is the Year of the Monkey (47 BC13).

There are many records about the lunar calendar in ancient books and Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and a large number of historical records record that the lunar calendar began in the era of the Yellow Emperor. It is generally believed that the calendar rule of the integration of yin and yang in the lunar calendar originated from the Shang Dynasty. 19 12 years, China began to adopt the western calendar and the traditional calendar of China. As China people attach importance to traditional culture, the Gregorian calendar year is of great significance to a country and a nation, and more and more people in China support it. During the Republic of China, the People's Daily founded by the League adopted the calendar of the Yellow Emperor. After Wuchang Uprising, Hubei military government also adopted calendar year system. Provincial governments have followed suit. After Sun Wen became the interim president of the Republic of China, he promulgated regulations: the Republic of China changed to the solar calendar, and the first year of the lunar calendar was 4609, that is, 19 1 1 year1month 13, and both calendars were used. As an important carrier of China culture, the lunar calendar has had a far-reaching impact. In 20 15, the National People's Congress proposed to improve the status of China's traditional calendar again, which caused heated discussion in society.