General Knowledge of Aesthetics

Aesthetics (Greek: Aesthetica), was first proposed by the German philosopher Baumgarten in 1750. Aesthetics is a discipline that studies the aesthetic relationship between human beings and the world, that is, the object of aesthetic research is aesthetic activity. Aesthetic activity is a kind of human life experience activity with the imagery world as the object, and it is a kind of spiritual and cultural activity of human beings.

Aesthetics is a secondary discipline of philosophy, and to learn aesthetics requires solid philosophical foundation and artistic cultivation. It is both a discursive discipline and a sensual discipline. Aesthetics and literature, psychology, linguistics, anthropology, mythology and other closely linked.

The history of Western aesthetics begins with Plato. Although before Plato, Pythagoras and others had begun to discuss aesthetics, Plato was the first philosopher to discuss aesthetics from the height of philosophical discourse. In China, the pre-Qin period was a golden age for the development of classical Chinese aesthetics. The aesthetics of Laozi, Confucius, Yi Zhuan, and Zhuangzi laid down the direction of the development of Chinese classical aesthetics. But the real starting point of Chinese aesthetics is Laozi.

Laozi proposed and elaborated, "Tao", "Qi", "Elephant", "Nothing", "virtual", "real", "virtual quiet", "Xuanjian" and so on, which has had a very significant impact on classical Chinese aesthetics. The Yuanqi theory of classical Chinese aesthetics has had an extremely significant impact on classical Chinese aesthetics. The Yuanqi theory of classical Chinese aesthetics, the imagery theory of classical Chinese aesthetics, the mood theory of classical Chinese aesthetics, and the theory of classical Chinese aesthetics on the aesthetic mind, etc., all originated from the philosophy and aesthetics of Laozi. In contemporary times, aesthetics is becoming more and more prominent in the humanities, and the imaginative character of aesthetic experience is considered to be of certain value and significance in coping with the crisis of modern human civilization. At the same time, the role of aesthetics in China's modern Enlightenment movements should not be underestimated.

Definition of Aesthetics:

What is beauty? This is the basic question that the discipline of aesthetics seeks to explore. Every philosopher has his or her own take on this question. It is also not a simple question through which the discussion on the originality of the world can be radiated. From ancient to modern times, from the West to the East, the interpretation of "beauty" is complex. For example, Plato in ancient Greece said: beauty is an idea; St. Augustine in the Middle Ages said: beauty is God's unquestionable glory and light; Chernyshevsky in Russia said: beauty is life; Taoism in ancient China believed that: heaven and earth have great beauty without words; and a book of Principles of Aesthetics tells us that beauty can only exist in the aesthetic relationship, which can not be separated from the subject of aesthetics, but also depends on the object of aesthetics. Beauty is the reproduction of abstractions in the spiritual realm, and the world of beauty is purely a world of imagery.

The Classics

The Four Essays That Opened the Paradigm of Aesthetics

Plato's "The Great Hippias", which opened the philosophy of beauty

Shaftesbury's "On Character", which opened the psychology of aesthetics

Bartow's "On the Boundaries of the Art of Beauty and the Principle of ****ness", which opened the philosophy of art

Wittgenstein. Wittgenstein's Lectures on Aesthetics

Seven monographs that have influenced the system of aesthetics

Kant's Critique of Judgement

Kant's Critique of Judgement has two main features in the structure of aesthetics: First, from the center of aesthetic judgement, in relation to the interrelationship between the subject and the object, to explore the nature of aesthetics. Derive a

2. What is the basic knowledge of architectural aesthetics

The basic knowledge of architectural aesthetics Important basis for artistic creation, the means to achieve a diverse unity is multifaceted, such as the proportion, scale, sub, rhythm, balance, focus, and other laws of the beauty of the form.

Is often used in the composition skills. (A) understand the basic knowledge of architectural color 1. color three primary colors red, yellow, blue.

2. The three elements of color Hue, brightness, purity 3. The shape and color of color Form elements: straight lines, curves, diagonal, body; color elements: hue, brightness, purity, area. (B) to understand the basic knowledge of the artistic treatment of architecture and the environment 1. From the use of buildings, focusing on the analysis of functional relationships, and to make reasonable distinctions, the use of roads, squares and other means of transport links to the organization, so that the overall spatial environment of the layout of the connection is convenient.

2. Group architectural art treatment, from the character traits, combined with the surrounding environment and planning features, follow the basic principles of diversity and unity, the use of greening, sculpture and a variety of vignettes and other means of enriching the spatial environment of the building art, to create a complete and beautiful spatial environment. For this part of the architecture, it is recommended that test takers read more references in the following areas: "Principles of Public *** Architectural Design", "Residential Design? Principles", "site design", "China's architectural history", "China's architectural history", "architectural space combinations fall", "architectural color science", "the principles of architectural form and beauty" and so on.

3. Basic Knowledge of Aesthetics

Aesthetics (Greek: Aesthetica), was first introduced by German philosopher Baumgarten in 1750.

Aesthetics is a discipline that studies the aesthetic relationship between human beings and the world, i.e., the object of aesthetic research is aesthetic activity. Aesthetic activity is a kind of human life experience activity that takes the world of imagery as the object, and it is a kind of spiritual and cultural activity of human beings.

Aesthetics is a secondary discipline of philosophy, and to learn aesthetics requires solid philosophical foundation and artistic cultivation. It is both a discursive discipline and a sensual discipline.

Aesthetics and literature, psychology, linguistics, anthropology, mythology and so on have close links. The history of Western aesthetics began with Plato.

Although before Plato, Pythagoras and others had begun to discuss aesthetics, Plato was the first philosopher to discuss aesthetics from the height of philosophical discourse. In China, the pre-Qin period was a golden age for the development of classical Chinese aesthetics.

The aesthetics of Laozi, Confucius, Yi Chuan, and Zhuangzi laid the foundation for the development of classical Chinese aesthetics. But the real starting point of Chinese aesthetics is Laozi.

Laozi proposed and elaborated, "Tao", "gas", "image", "nothing", "virtual", "real", "virtual quiet", "Xuanjian" and so on, which has had a very significant impact on Chinese classical aesthetics. The Yuanqi theory of classical Chinese aesthetics has had an extremely significant impact on classical Chinese aesthetics. The theories of Chinese classical aesthetics, Chinese classical aesthetics of imagery, Chinese classical aesthetics of mood, Chinese classical aesthetics of aesthetic mind, etc., all originated from the philosophy and aesthetics of Laozi.

In contemporary times, aesthetics has become more and more prominent in the humanities, and the imaginative character of aesthetic experience is considered to have certain value and significance in dealing with the crisis of modern human civilization. At the same time, the role of aesthetics in the Enlightenment movements of modern China should not be underestimated.

Definition of aesthetics: What is beauty? This is the basic question that the discipline of aesthetics aims to explore. Every philosopher has his own view on this question.

It is also not a simple question through which the discussion of the originality of the world can be radiated. From ancient to modern times, from the West to the East, the interpretation of "beauty" is complex.

Such as the ancient Greek Plato said: beauty is the idea; the medieval St. Augustine said: beauty is the glory and light of God's nobleness; the Russian Chernyshevsky said: beauty is life; the ancient Chinese Taoists believe that: heaven and earth has a great beauty without words; and a book of the "Principles of Aesthetics" tells us that the beauty of the aesthetic relationship can only exist in the aesthetic, which can not be separated from the main body of aesthetic, but also dependent on the object of aesthetics. Beauty is the reproduction of abstractions in the spiritual realm, and the world of beauty is purely a world of imagery.

Classical works "four essays on the aesthetic paradigm with the opening role of Plato opened the philosophy of beauty," the "Great Hippias" Shafzbury opened the aesthetic psychology, "On Character" Bartow opened the philosophy of art, "On the boundaries of the arts of the beautiful and the principle of ****ness" Wittgenstein on the aesthetic analysis of the language of the impact of the "Lectures on Aesthetics" "seven monographs on the system of aesthetics with the influence of Kant. Critique of Judgement Kant's Critique of Judgement has two main features in structural aesthetics: first, it explores the nature of aesthetics from the center of aesthetic judgement, in relation to the interrelationship between subject and object. Derive a kind of.

4. knowledge of aesthetics, urgently needed

Aesthetics is the subject of the study of the nature of beauty and its meaning.

Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy. The main object of study is art, but not the study of art in the specific expression of the problem, but the study of art in the philosophical problems, so it is called "the philosophy of the art of beauty".

The basic problems of aesthetics include the nature of beauty, the relationship between aesthetic consciousness and aesthetic objects, and so on. The word aesthetics is derived from the Greek word aesthesis.

The original meaning was "the feeling of sensation". It was first used by the German philosopher Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten.

The publication of his book Aesthetica marked the emergence of aesthetics as an independent discipline. Until the 19th century, aesthetics was usually defined in the traditional classical conception of art as the study of "beauty" (Sch?nheit).

Modern philosophy defines aesthetics as the theory and philosophy of cognitive sensation in art, science, design, and philosophy. The aesthetic value of an object is not simply defined as "beauty" or "ugliness," but rather as recognizing the type and nature of the object.

History of the development of aesthetics as an independent discipline from the eighteenth century in Germany, Baumgarten began, but it was founded on the theory of beauty since Ancient Greece since the successive thinkers on the theory of beauty on top of the previous aesthetic theory of systematization, scientization. And the aesthetic theory since ancient Greece is based on people's aesthetic appreciation and aesthetic creation activities, is the philosophical reflection of people's aesthetic activities.

Therefore, to understand aesthetics, we must go back to its source and start a journey of beauty. Archaeology and art history tell us that human beings have begun aesthetic appreciation and aesthetic creation activities since they were separated from animals.

Paleolithic caveman, with stone beads, animal teeth, sea ark shells, etc. dyed red, yellow, green and other different colors to wear on the body. Not only the decorations of primitive people can see this early human aesthetic activities, especially the primitive art is a concentrated reflection of the early human aesthetic activities.

According to the written records and left the pattern speculation, the primitive art of poetry, dance, music, etc., but has now disappeared. However, cave paintings and pottery are the two earliest records of primitive art that we can see today.

The former is mainly based on a variety of animal subjects, vivid and detailed, colorful. The latter is not only beautifully shaped and richly patterned, but also has contrasting colors.

People always have some kind of life and some kind of phenomenon first, and then they start to think and explore, and establish corresponding disciplines on the basis of thinking and exploring. The early human aesthetic phenomenon of thinking, exploring began in ancient Greece.

At that time, Pythagoras, Heraclitus, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle and other great philosophers were involved in the discussion and debate on beauty. But their views and opinions about beauty were often mixed with their understanding of truth and goodness, and became subordinate to their philosophical thought, moral thought, theological thought, and political and literary thought.

In addition, there was not a single monograph on aesthetics at that time. The thinkers' views on aesthetics were interspersed with political, philosophical, religious, moral, artistic, and even historical biographies, journals, and annotations.

People have not found an independent and special research object for aesthetics from those mixed and interwoven thought systems. This situation continued until the middle of the 18th century.

After the 18th century, with the development of the industrial revolution in Europe, the natural sciences, philosophy, ethics, psychology and literature and other modern disciplines entered a period of gradual formation and development. In particular, philosophy, which is closely related to aesthetics, has undergone an epistemological turn since modern times, providing the necessary historical conditions for the establishment of the discipline of aesthetics.

It is under such historical conditions that Baumgarten distinguished aesthetics and logic for the first time in his own philosophical system. While strictly stipulating that the object of study of logic is abstract thought that forms concepts and reasoning, he also gave aesthetics its own unique object of study.

And wrote a monograph on aesthetics, the initial formation of the basic framework of the discipline of aesthetics, as well as exploring some of the basic issues of aesthetics. Therefore, the discipline of aesthetics was born, and Baumgarten also became the father of aesthetics.

A.G. Baumgarten (1714-1762) was a professor of philosophy at the University of Halle in Prussia, Germany. His main views on aesthetics centered on two aspects: first, he stipulated aesthetics as a discipline for the study of human sense perception.

Baumgarten believed that human mental activity is divided into three aspects: knowledge, emotion and intention. The study of knowledge or human rational understanding of logic, the study of human will have ethics, and the study of human emotions that is equivalent to human perceptual understanding should be "Aesthetic".

The word "Aesthetic" comes from the Greek, meaning "sensibility", and later translated into Chinese as "aesthetics". 1750 Baumgarten formally used "Aesthetic" to call his study of human perceptual awareness of a monograph.

His work was regarded as the first monograph on aesthetics in history. Secondly, Baumgarten believed that "the object of aesthetics is the perfection of sense perception".

What makes aesthetics relevant to sense perception? Baumgarten's teacher's teacher, the German philosopher Leibniz has a vivid explanation of this, he said: painters and other artists for what is good and what is not good, although very clear awareness, but often can not find a reason for their aesthetic interest, if someone asked them, they will answer that they do not like the kind of work lacks a little bit of "I can not say what". To know whether a work is beautiful or not, but not to be able to say why, is in Leibniz's and Baumgarten's view a vague and confused sensibility.

After Baumgarten, the development of aesthetics has gone through three important stages: German classical aesthetics, Marxist aesthetics, and Western modern aesthetics. In the stage of German classical aesthetics, Kant and Hegel made outstanding contributions to aesthetics, forming the first since the emergence of the discipline of aesthetics, and the third peak in the history of Western aesthetics.

Kant is famous for his three major criticisms, in the Critique of Judgment, Kant put forward and argued a series of fundamental questions of aesthetics, forming a more complete aesthetic theory system. After Kant, Hegel pushed German classical aesthetics to its peak, becoming the master of German classical aesthetics and of all Western aesthetic trends before Marxist aesthetics.

Although Marx did not write a specialized work on aesthetics, he addressed a large number of aesthetic issues in many other works, especially his introduction of the experimental point of view into the study of aesthetics, thus basing the exploration of beauty on the subject-object discernment.