What is the main farming method of ancient Chinese agriculture?

China's ancient agricultural farming methods, to the development of production tools as a sign, it is divided into slash-and-burn, plowing ("stone hoe plowing) and iron plow and oxen plowing three stages from slash-and-burn to iron plow and oxen plowing 1. slash-and-burn "Zhuangzi" said: "Shennong's world, ... ...and elk **** place, plowing and food, weaving and clothing, there is no harm to the heart, this to the virtue of also. ...... "Chinese ancient history," Shennong's "is the character of the primitive planting industry occurred. From the beginning of Chinese agriculture, it was centered on planting. In the long-term collection of life, the utilization value of various wild plants and cultivation methods carried out a wide range of experiments, and gradually selected and bred cultivated plants suitable for human needs. From "tasting a hundred herbs" to "sowing grains" and "planting corn" is a vivid reflection of this process; and the so-called "Shennong tasted a hundred herbs and encountered seventy poisons in one day" reflects this process. The so-called "Shennong tasted a hundred herbs and encountered seventy poisons in one day" is a vivid reflection of this process. Shennong's "due to the time of the day, divided the benefits of the land, make Lei and Plowshares, teach the people to farm." He became the originator of agriculture. In order to establish the agricultural economy, there must be the creation of the corresponding tools, reflected in the legend is Shennong's creation of catty axe Lei and plough, "to cultivate the grass and mangroves". The legend of the so-called "Shennong's" is a reflection of Chinese agriculture in this era. After the students answered, a simple explanation: the so-called "slash-and-burn" is in the early spring period, first cut down the trees in the mountains, and then in the evening before the spring rains, set fire to burn, used as fertilizer, the next day to take advantage of the soil heat planting, and then do not do anything to manage the field to wait for the harvest. Generally two or three years later, the soil fertilizer has been depleted, can no longer be planted, and had to be opened up. Primitive slash-and-burn farming is similar, but the tools are more simple. According to the archaeological excavations of some objects, the original agricultural tools used mainly stone knives, stone axes and so on, these are used to cut down trees. People in slash-and-burn farming, the first thing to face is the choice of land. Slash-and-burn farming is generally not fertilizer, also do not plow, so after two or three years of planting will have to look for new land to re-cut and burn planting, agricultural historians call it "wandering farming". But from the Neolithic era unearthed some objects, some areas of China's primitive agriculture seems to be in six or seven thousand years ago, very early out of the early stage of slash-and-burn, into the so-called "stone hoeing" or ???ê plowing "of" ripened land farming system "This situation is described in the legends of ancient Chinese history. This situation is reflected in the legends of ancient Chinese history. According to legend, "the son of the Lie Shan clan was said to be a pillar of Jik, and he was sacrificed to Jik since the summer." The word "Lie Shan" means to set fire to a mountain, and the "pillar" is actually a pointed wooden stick for digging holes and planting seeds - which later developed into the wooden Lei. These were the two main interconnected operations of primitive agriculture, but they were personified by legend. After introducing "slash-and-burn" farming, point out that this method of cultivation has continued into modern times. Explain the following in relation to the two pictures in the textbook. Nowadays, "slash-and-burn" is a method of sowing dry cereals and other crops by cutting down trees, drying them in the sun, and then setting them on fire. It is a way of utilizing the mineral nutrients accumulated in the tropical rainforests to develop production, and it is also a method of eliminating weeds and pests with fire. This in the history of Xishuangbanna sparsely populated, forested ecological environment, "slash-and-burn" is no more than in the vast sea of forests opened a small forest window, planted two or three years after the abandonment of the grain, the forest will soon be restored to a variety of living things do not affect the survival of a "forest and farmland" rotation and a good method of "crop rotation" and a good method. This is a good method of "forest and farmland" rotation. In recent times, the population has multiplied, forests are difficult to recover, and the serious erosion of mountainous areas has caused ecological degradation. Therefore, in recent years, local governments at all levels have made a wise decision to strictly prohibit "slash-and-burn" farming in mountainous areas. "Slash-and-burn" period with the emergence of farming tools Lei ??ê and the general use of China's agriculture into the "stone hoeing" stage. 2 stone hoeing from the way of cultivation, the use of agricultural tools to analyze the level of development of China's agricultural productivity in ancient times, it can be divided into plowing Pre-ploughing, ploughing and ploughing period of three stages of development. "Slash-and-burn plowing" belongs to the pre-tillage period. With the use of a large number of bone plows and stone plows, people have been separated from the slash-and-burn farming methods, entered the "ploughing" stage of agriculture. 3. Iron plows and oxen plowing "ploughing" and "ploughing" period of primitive agricultural production methods are very simple. Period of primitive agricultural production methods are very simple. Such agricultural production only planting and harvesting two links, only to the natural demand without compensation, the balance of soil nutrients rely entirely on the natural vegetation of self-recovery. This was a predatory production that only took but did not give. Because of the small population at that time, people's demand for nature was not high, and the productivity was low, so the production of primitive agriculture had not exceeded the natural load capacity and recovery capacity, and the destruction of the natural ecosystem by human beings was very small. However, with the increase in population and human demand for nature, and the improvement of agricultural production tools, China entered the stage of traditional agriculture, which adopted the "iron plow and oxen plowing" period. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, bronze agricultural tools appeared. At that time, they were rarely used in agriculture. However, due to the knowledge of fertilization technology, the fertile land could be continuously cultivated, and the barren land could be rotated after one or two years of fallow. With the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period, the use of iron farming tools, the Warring States Period, the general use of iron farming tools, the level of agricultural productivity has also made a qualitative leap. The appearance and initial promotion of ox plowing in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, together with new advances in irrigation and fertilization techniques, greatly improved the level of agricultural production in ancient China, and from then on, iron plowing and ox plowing became an important farming method in Chinese agriculture. Through technical measures such as land preparation, seedling raising, weeding, fertilization, irrigation, etc., a certain amount of compensation is given to the agro-ecosystem (mainly using organic manure) while demanding agricultural products from nature. The Chinese nation has created glorious ancient agricultural science and technology, which is a well-deserved example of traditional agriculture. The production mode of traditional agriculture, for the first time, embodies the combination of man and nature, with a certain ecological rationality. Because traditional agriculture relies on the internal cycle of agriculture to maintain balance, the state of dependence on nature cannot be fundamentally improved. And because of the decentralized operation of traditional agriculture and small scale, it is also difficult to reasonably make full use of natural resources.