Difference Between Traditional Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and Capsule Endoscopy? The role of digestive endoscopy and capsule endoscopy

Many people are suffering from gastric diseases in daily life, after suffering from gastric diseases, you need to do a variety of tests to understand the patient's gastrointestinal condition, while in the post its symptomatic treatment, to make the most suitable treatment program, gastrointestinal examination in the most common is gastroscopy, then, the difference between traditional digestive endoscopy and capsule endoscopy? The role of digestive endoscopy and capsule endoscopy.

1, the relationship between the two kinds of gastroscopy

The traditional gastroscopy and colonoscopy, the inspection process can cause discomfort. When it comes to gastroscopy, people's impression is "nausea", "vomiting", "unbearable", colonoscopy gives people the impression of "bloating Colonoscopy gives people the impression of "bloating", "stomach cramps" and "taking laxatives before the examination". Therefore, those who have done it are not willing to do it again, and those who have not done it are also "afraid to stay away". Many people therefore miss the opportunity of digestive endoscopy. Over time, the stomach disease will be negligent to check.

Traditional gastrointestinal endoscopy and capsule endoscopy are not rivals but friends

And early detection and treatment of diseases is very critical, for example, the difference in prognosis of gastric cancer and the early and late discovery of gastric cancer has a clear correlation. Early gastric cancer has a 5-year postoperative survival rate of more than 95% and is almost always cured, but if it is found in the middle or late stage, the 5-year postoperative survival rate is only 20%. So, doctors and ordinary people alike want a tool that can diagnose GI diseases painlessly and accurately. In the 1990s, Israeli scientists invented capsule endoscopy, and in 2001, the Israeli company GivenImaging produced the world's first capsule endoscope for clinical use. This product has caused great repercussions all over the world, and it has been favored by the public for its advantages of being painless, non-invasive, safe and convenient. More and more people ask their doctors: I don't want to do gastroscopy (colonoscopy), can I use capsule endoscopy instead? Is capsule endoscopy really the rival of traditional digestive endoscopy? Will it completely replace traditional gastrointestinal endoscopy? The technology of traditional gastroscopy and colonoscopy is very mature. It is like an extension of the doctor's eyes and hands, can enter the examinee's esophagus, stomach, duodenum, colon, rectum, from all angles and distances to observe the lesions, if necessary, can take a biopsy of the lesion for pathological diagnosis, but also endoscopic treatment of polyps and early tumors.

On the contrary, capsule endoscopy: the early first generation of passive capsule endoscopy can only take pictures at regular intervals, and cannot control the direction of the lens and the timing of the pictures, and may not be able to collect satisfactory images, and cannot be focused on the suspicious parts of the body as in the case of hand-held endoscopy. Because the image is passive, there will be some blind spots, it is easy to miss the lesions; due to the inability to actively control, the capsule in the body can only rely on the digestive tract's own peristaltic movement, if the digestive tract has ulcers, diverticula, stenosis, etc., will cause the capsule to be retained, and if necessary, need to be taken out through the traditional endoscopy or even surgery. And because capsule endoscopy is disposable, while avoiding cross-infection, it also greatly increases the cost, and the examination fee is expensive. The second generation of capsule endoscopy robot, doctors can control the movement of the capsule robot in the stomach through the magnetic field control technology to change the capsule attitude, according to the required angle of the focal point of the lesion to take pictures. However, it is still not possible to take biopsy and treatment, when encountering suspicious lesions, capsule endoscopy is more embarrassing, may need to do another traditional digestive endoscopy to take biopsy pathology to confirm the diagnosis. The most prominent advantage of capsule endoscopy lies in the small intestine, which cannot be reached by traditional gastrointestinal endoscopy. The small intestine is the longest part of the digestive tract, which is about 5-7 meters long in adults, and is the main place for food digestion and absorption, as well as having endocrine and immune defense functions. However, the diagnosis and treatment of small bowel disease has always been a challenge for gastroenterologists due to the tortuous and overlapping course of the small bowel, which is difficult to reach by conventional gastroscopy and colonoscopy. Capsule endoscopy illuminates this last "blind spot" in the digestive tract.

Traditional gastrointestinal endoscopy and capsule endoscopy are not rivals but friends

Of course, with the continuous development of technology, the degree of intelligence of capsule endoscopy will continue to improve, and its function will be further enhanced. The future direction of development is the "hands and feet" of the smart capsule. "With feet", refers to the capsule can walk freely in the human digestive tract, that is to say, the doctor can be examined outside the body through the control of the capsule's posture and operation, to better inspection; "with hands", refers to the capsule endoscopy can be carried out inside the body of the fixed-point drug Release, and even biopsy and some simple surgical treatment to help doctors remove tumors or polyps in the digestive tract. At the same time, with the successive emergence of new technologies such as magnifying endoscopy, blue laser endoscopy, electron spectroscopic endoscopy technology, narrow-band imaging technology and so on, gastrointestinal endoscopy has an irreplaceable position in the early diagnosis of diseases, especially in the early detection of cancer. Therefore, traditional gastrointestinal endoscopy and capsule endoscopy are never incompatible rivals, but complementary and functional friends. Choosing the right endoscopy will greatly increase the rate of early diagnosis and treatment of digestive diseases in China, especially early cancers of the digestive tract. Having said that, is the examined person only passively enduring the discomfort brought by the traditional tools? Of course not. To address the discomfort caused by traditional gastrointestinal endoscopy, some hospitals have been able to provide painless endoscopy with medication to alleviate the patient's pain. The first international early cancer screening center in Shanghai, Ctrip Health Changrong Early Cancer Screening Center, has already applied intravenous anesthesia to provide painless gastrointestinal endoscopy. The anesthesia dosage control adopts Japanese advanced medical standards and methods, strictly calculating the anesthesia dosage according to the age, gender, weight and medical history of each examinee, so that the examinee will go to sleep during the whole examination, and when he/she wakes up, all the examinations are completed without any discomfort or pain. Another disadvantage of traditional endoscopy is that the instruments are not disposable and need to be recycled, which prevents carriers of certain infectious diseases from being examined. Ctrip Health Early Cancer Screening Center uses strict endoscopic cleaning and disinfecting technology to kill germs completely, which can completely eliminate cross-infection. In addition, in the field of early detection of GI-related cancers, Ctrip Cancer Screening Center has taken the lead in meeting the international first-class technology by hiring Japanese experts and introducing cutting-edge Japanese endoscopic instruments, so that the people can enjoy Japanese advanced endoscopic early cancer screening technology without leaving the country.

2, gastrointestinal examination of two or three things

Indications

1. There are upper gastrointestinal symptoms, including epigastric discomfort, bloating, pain, heartburn and acid reflux, discomfort in swallowing, choking, belching, hiccups and unexplained loss of appetite, weight loss, anemia and so on.

There are upper gastrointestinal symptoms, including epigastric discomfort, distension, pain

2. Barium meal imaging of the upper gastrointestinal tract does not identify the lesion or the symptoms do not match the results of the barium meal examination.

3. Cases of unexplained acute (chronic) upper gastrointestinal bleeding with emergency gastroscopy to determine the cause and stop bleeding.

4. Lesions requiring follow-up, such as ulcer disease, atrophic gastritis, precancerous lesions, and postoperative gastric symptoms.

5. Census of high-risk groups (esophageal cancer, gastric cancer high incidence areas).

6. Those who are suitable for gastroscopic treatment, such as foreign body in stomach, gastric polyp, esophageal cardia stenosis.

Contraindications

1. Absolute contraindications

(1) Severe heart disease, such as severe arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, active, severe heart failure.

(2) Severe lung disease: asthma, respiratory failure unable to lie down.

(3) Severe hypertension, mental illness and significant impairment of consciousness can not cooperate.

(4) Acute perforation of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum.

(5) Acute severe pharyngeal disorders gastroscopy can not be inserted.

(6) Acute phase of corrosive esophageal injury.

2. Relative contraindications

Acute or acute attack of chronic disease, can be recovered by treatment, such as acute tonsillitis, pharyngitis, acute asthma attack period.

Pre-examination preparation

1. In order to avoid cross-infection and develop reasonable disinfection measures, patients need to do HbsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV and other tests before examination.

2. Fasting for 6 to 8 hours before the examination, the examination is performed on an empty stomach, if there is food in the stomach memory, it will affect the observation. Those who have done barium meal examination must wait until the barium is emptied before gastroscopy; patients with pyloric obstruction should fast for 2 to 3 days, if necessary, preoperative gastric lavage, to remove the food accumulated in the stomach.

3. Oral defoamer, such as simethicone, has the effect of de-surface tension, so that the bubble attached to the mucous membrane rupture disappeared, and the field of vision is clearer.

4. Pharyngeal anesthesia, the purpose is to reduce the pharyngeal reaction, so that the lens into the smooth, reduce the patient's pain. There is a history of allergy to anesthetic drugs can not be anesthesia.

Pharyngeal anesthesia, the purpose is to reduce the pharyngeal reaction

There are two methods

① Spray method 15 minutes before the operation with 1% dicaine or 2% lidocaine, such as pharyngeal spray anesthesia, every 1 to 2 minutes, *** carried out 2 to 3 times.

②Anesthetic preparations oral hair can be swallowed before surgery to check, this method is simple and time-saving.

5. Sedative antispasmodic drugs, general patients do not have to use. For nervous patients, intramuscular injection or slow intravenous diazepam 10mg 15 minutes before the examination to eliminate tension; antispasmodic drugs such as scopolamine or atropine can reduce gastric peristalsis and spasm, easy to observe, but pay attention to its side effects.

Sedative antispasmodic drugs, general patients do not have to use

6. Ask the patient to loosen the collar and trouser belt, such as the patient has movable dentures should be removed, gently bite the cushion; take the left lateral position lying on the examination bed, the head is slightly tilted forward, the body is relaxed, the legs are flexed; the side of the mouth pad with disinfectant towel, disinfectant towel on the placement of curved disk to receive oral outflow of saliva or vomit.

Conclusion: Through the introduction above, we must have a more comprehensive understanding of the gastrointestinal examination, gastrointestinal examination in our lives is still a relatively common situation Oh, I hope that the above article can help you, I wish you a healthy body.