Eighth grade geography knowledge point summary next book

Knowledge gives love, light and wisdom, it should be said that knowledge is happiness, because with knowledge, is to feel the pulse of human activity ever, below I share with you some 8th grade geography knowledge next book, I hope it can help you, welcome to read!

Eighth Grade Geography Knowledge Next Book 1

The northern region and the southern region

First, the northern region

1, the northern region refers to the eastern part of China north of the Qinling-Huaihe River, an area of about 20% of the country, the population of about 40% of the country, the ethnic groups are mainly Han Chinese, there are Mongolian, Manchu, Korean, Hui and other ethnic minorities. The Northeast Plain, North China Plain, and Weihe Plain in the region are important agricultural areas in China.

2, the northern region of the terrain to the plains, plateau-based. The main topographic areas are the Northeast, North China Plain, Weihe Plain and Loess Plateau. Northeast Plain is known as the fertile "black earth"; North China Plain, the Yellow River, Huaihe River, the impact of the Haihe River, it is also known as the Yellow Huaihai Plain, with the Loess Plateau is known as the "loess". Mountain ranges include Daxinganling, Xiaoxinganling, Changbai Mountain and Taihang Mountain, Shandong Hills and Liaodong Hills.3. Climate: Located in the temperate zone, it belongs to the temperate monsoon climate, with an annual precipitation of 400-800, high temperature and rainy in summer, and cold and dry in winter. The main rivers are Heilongjiang (the longest freezing period), Songhua River, Yellow River (the largest sand content), Huaihe River, Haihe River and so on. The northern region is unfavorable to industrial and agricultural production due to the lack of water.

4, the northern region is rich in coal, iron, oil and other mineral resources, the establishment of the Northeast Heavy Industrial Zone, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Industrial Zone and Shandong Peninsula Industrial Zone. In addition, Taiyuan, Zhengzhou, Xi'an and Lanzhou are important industrial centers in the north.

5, the northern region is currently China's largest energy base, the main source of energy to coal and oil-based, Daqing Oilfield, Shengli Oilfield, Changqing Oilfield, etc. are very large oilfields, and its oil production accounted for more than half of the country. Yulin in Shaanxi is an emerging energy and mineral base in China, rich in coal, oil and natural gas resources.

Second, the southern region

1, the southern region: refers to China's Qinling-Huaihe River south of the Tibetan Plateau to the east of the region, including the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Plain, the southern coastal areas and the southwest of the three regions. East of the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea, south of the South China Sea. The area accounts for about 25% of the country and the population accounts for about 55% of the country. Ethnic groups are mainly Han Chinese, more than 30 ethnic minorities are distributed in the western part of the region, and Yunnan Province is the province with the largest number of ethnic minorities in China.

2, terrain: the region's topography is high in the west and low in the east, and the terrain is interspersed with plains, basins and plateaus, hills. The main terrain areas are the plains of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the Sichuan Basin, the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and the southeastern hills.

3., Climate: The southern region is dominated by subtropical monsoon climate, with warm winters and little rain, and high temperatures and rain in summer. There is a small area of tropical monsoon climate in the south, with annual precipitation of more than 800 millimeters. Rivers in the region, the Yangtze River, the Pearl River water volume, long flood season (the Pearl River is the longest), the sand content is small. The plains area has many rivers and lakes, and the water network is extensive, with the typical characteristics of the southern water town. ★★★

4, the southern region has sufficient heat, abundant precipitation with good conditions for agricultural production. The southern region is productive, is the country's largest rice, hogs, oranges, tea, silkworms, sugar cane, aquatic and tropical crop production areas. The Jianghan Plain, Dongting Lake Plain and Poyang Lake Plain are the most important commercial grain bases in China. The Chengdu Plain is known as the "Land of Heavenly Capital", and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are known as the "Land of Fish and Rice". ★★★

5, southern Hainan Island, southern Taiwan Island, Guangdong Leizhou Peninsula and southern Yunnan is China's main source of tropical crops (base), the climate is tropical monsoon climate. Southern region is China's important tropical crop production areas, the main tropical crops are natural rubber, coconut, coffee, pepper, sisal, oil palm. Hainan Island is the country's main rubber-producing areas, natural rubber production to account for about 60% of the country.

Eighth Grade Geography Knowledge Book 2

Northwest

First, Northwest

1, Northwest is located largely in the Great Wall - Qilian Mountains - Altunshan Mountains - Kunlun Mountain Range to the north of the first line, including Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and Ningxia, the three autonomous regions and the northern Gansu. The area accounts for about 30% of the country, the population accounts for about 4% of the country's total. The region's Han Chinese population accounts for two-thirds of the ethnic minorities: Mongols, Hui, Uyghurs, Kazakhs, etc.; ★★

2, the region's topography is dominated by plateaus, basins and mountains. The climate is predominantly arid climate, belonging to the temperate continental climate. Precipitation from the east of 400mm, westward to 200mm, and then below 50mm. Surface vegetation: from east to west due to precipitation. Grassland ----- desert grassland - desert. ★

3, the natural characteristics of the Northwest Territories and its causes

The most prominent feature of the natural environment of the Northwest Territories is arid, the reason is that it is deep inland, far from the sea, coupled with the high mountain ranges on the blockage of the wet airflow, from the sea of the moist air flow is difficult to reach, so it is sparse precipitation, arid climate. ★

4, the surface landscape of the Northwest Territories: the impact of climate, the surface landscape of the Northwest Territories, the performance of the above four aspects: ★★★★★★

① plateau, basin-based topography, wind erosion is significant, and the west of the vastness of the Gobi, the desert.

② from east to west, the vegetation is grassland-desert grassland-desert change (because from west to east, farther and farther from the ocean, precipitation gradually decreased)

③ rivers are scarce, and most of them are endorheic rivers, of which the Tarim River is the largest endorheic river in China.

④ Farmland, villages, towns and cities are mostly located along the rivers or foothills water sources in a band or point-like distribution.

5. Areas dominated by pastoralism ★★★★

(a) Northwest and Qinghai-Tibet are China's major pastoral areas

① This region is China's major livestock area: the Inner Mongolian steppe, the Hexi Corridor, the Tianshan pasture is an important pastoral area base. The main livestock are three rivers horse, three rivers cattle, Xinjiang fine wool sheep. ② position in the country: meat, milk, leather, wool and other occupy a prominent position.

③ Northwest and Qinghai-Tibet are the main pastoral areas in China.

4, irrigated agriculture in the Northwest ★★★★

Irrigated agriculture can be developed in areas with water sources. The main crops: wheat, rice, sugar beet, cotton, melons and fruits.

① irrigated agriculture area: Ningxia Plain and Inner Mongolia's Hetao Plain, Gansu's Hexi Corridor to draw the Yellow River water and Qilian Mountain ice melt water for irrigation, becoming an important commercial grain base in the Northwest.

② oasis agricultural area: Xinjiang Tarim Basin and Junggar Basin oasis, relying on mountain ice melt water and groundwater for irrigation, has also become one of the major local grain Mian base. The oasis in southern Xinjiang is rich in long-staple cotton, and is an important commercial cotton base in China.

③ Xinjiang melons and fruits are particularly sweet, bright colors, the main reason is: Xinjiang summer heat, less precipitation, daytime light is strong, conducive to melons and fruits coloring, daytime light and role of the strong day-night temperature difference, conducive to the accumulation of sugar, so the Xinjiang melons and fruits are particularly sweet.

Eighth Grade Geography Knowledge Book 3

The Qinghai-Tibet region:

1. The Qinghai-Tibet region mainly consists of the Tibet Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province and the western part of Sichuan Province, covering an area of about 25% of the national area, and the population is only about 1% of the total number of people in the country. The main body of the Qinghai-Tibet region is the Tibetan Plateau, which is known as the "Roof of the World". ★

2, qinghai-tibet region is the important agricultural area of Huangshui valley and yarlung zangbo river valley, the main crops are: barley, peas, wheat, rape. The region is also an important national pastoral area, the main livestock are yaks, Tibetan sheep, Tibetan goats, etc., these three kinds of, but also the plateau is the most widely distributed three major livestock, which is known as the "boat of the plateau" is the yak. ★★★

3, the Qinghai-Tibet region has a large number of rare animals, such as the Tibetan antelope, snow leopard, wild ass, etc., to protect the region's natural environment, to prevent and control ecological damage and degradation of the pasture, has a very important significance.

4, Qinghai-Tibet region, in addition to the northeastern part of Qinghai Province, more Han Chinese, most of the population of Tibetans, the ethnic group of Tibetan Buddhism (commonly known as Lamaism), located in the middle of the city of Lhasa, the Potala Palace and the Ta'er Temple in the city of Xining is a famous Tibetan Buddhist shrine.

5, terrain: mountains and glaciers are widespread, transportation is very difficult. No highway and modern bridges before liberation, since 1951, in the people's government's strong support, the region has built the Sichuan-Tibet, Qinghai-Tibet, New Tibet, Yunnan-Tibet, China-Nepal and other highways. It constitutes a well-connected highway network with Lhasa as the center. Torkun, in the western part of the Turpan Basin, has an annual precipitation of only 5.9 millimeters, which is the lowest in the country. Northern Xinjiang receives slightly more precipitation due to the influence of the northwestern air currents.

6, "West-East Gas Pipeline" is China's longest distance, the largest caliber gas pipeline. The starting point of the West-East Gas Pipeline is the Lunan oil field in the Tarim Basin, and the end point is Shanghai. The "West-East Gas Pipeline" project is a landmark construction project that kicked off the western development. The purpose is to solve the irrational energy structure and develop clean energy. ★★★★

7. The Qinghai-Tibet region has two significant natural features: "high" and "cold". ★★★★

① "High": the main body of the Qinghai-Tibet region is the Tibetan Plateau, with an average elevation of more than 4,000 m. It is known as the "Roof of the World", and belongs to the first step of China's terrain. It is the source of many big rivers, the famous Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Lancang River, the Nujiang River, the Yarlung Zangbo River and so on, all originate from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Vegetation is sparse, grassland desert is widespread. ② "cold": the Qinghai-Tibetan region due to "high" born "cold", high altitude is the main reason for the impact of climate. Because of the cold climate, many mountain peaks year-round snow, glaciers are widespread.

Eighth Grade Geography Knowledge Book 4

Geographic location and natural environment of the Northeast

1. The Northeast region is located in northeastern China, located in the heart of Northeast Asia. Northeast region, including black, Ji, Liao three provinces, east and north and North Korea, Russia as neighbors, south of Hebei Province, west of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the Shandong Peninsula across the sea, the strategic position is very important.

2, the geographical position of the northeast region is very important. Northeast land and North Korea, Russia, border, conducive to the development of foreign trade; through the south of the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea waters can be with South Korea, Japan and many other overseas countries to carry out economic exchanges, and promote the development of the local economy.

3, topographic features: the northeast region of the terrain to the plains, hills and mountains, the surface structure is roughly semi-annular three zones: the periphery is the Heilongjiang, Ussuri River, the Tumen River and the Yalu River and other basins of the lowlands, in the middle of the mountainous and hilly, and the interior is a vast plains. (Mountains surrounded by water, plains in the center), the Northeast Plain by the Three Rivers Plain, Songnen Plain, Liaohe Plain.

4, climate type and characteristics: the Northeast belongs to the temperate monsoon climate, characterized by: warm and short summer, cold and long winter. (Summer heat and rain, winter cold and dry). The most prominent climate feature of the Northeast is the long east of the cold.

5. Topographic regions in the Northeast

Eighth Grade Geography Knowledge Book 5

Population and Urban Distribution in the Northeast

1. The population of the Northeast is unevenly distributed. The central and southern plains are more populated, and the areas with developed industries and transportation are more populated, including the Songnen Plain and the Liaohe Plain, which are more densely populated. The population of the plains is large, and the population of the mountainous areas is small.

2, Northeast China is one of the main distribution of ethnic minorities in China, the main ethnic minorities are Manchu, Mongols, Hui, Koreans, Ewenki, Herzhe and so on. Manchu in the northeast region is widely distributed, is the largest ethnic minority in the northeast region. The Hezhe people are the long-time fishermen and hunters in the northern part of China, and they have the dietary habit of eating raw fish. The cheongsam is one of the Chinese women's characteristic costumes, originating from the traditional Manchu women's flag dress.

3. Railways play a major role in the transportation network of the Northeast, with crisscrossing railroads connecting major cities and industrial and mining centers throughout the region.

4, the Northeast region is China's dense cities, a high level of urbanization in the region. Cities are mainly concentrated in the areas along the main transportation routes, especially the Harbin-Dalian line (Harbin - Dalian), Binsui line (Harbin - Suifenhe), Binzhou line (Harbin - Manzhouli).

5, Harbin city in the northern part of the Northeast region, Changchun is the center of the central part of the Northeast region, Shenyang is the Northeast's largest comprehensive urban center and transportation hub. 1 Dalian is a famous port in northern China, is an important gateway to the Northeast region, known as "Northern Hong Kong," reputation.

Industrial Distribution in the Northeast

1, the Northeast region is rich in land resources, the climate is mild and humid, agricultural production conditions are better. Historically, the region was known for its abundance of soybeans, sorghum and grains. After the founding of New China, was replaced by corn, rice, spring wheat. Among them, corn cultivation is developing rapidly, and is relatively concentrated in the Songnen Plain and Liaohe Plain. The northeast region is widely distributed black soil, black calcium soil and other soils.

2, the natural conditions of the Northeast region is suitable for growing soybeans, unit area yield 1/3 higher than the national average, the total output accounted for the country's 2/5. Sugar crops in the Northeast region is sugar beet. Heilongjiang Province is one of China's main sugar beet production areas, total sugar beet production accounted for 1/3 of the country's strong, concentrated in the Songnen Plain and Three River Plain Plain.

3, heavy industry is the pillar industry in the northeast. Relying on rich coal and iron resources, the development of iron and steel, machinery, automobiles and other industrial sectors, has long been an important heavy industry base in China. Into the 21st century, high-tech industry industry and textile industry has also made great strides

4, Daqing is China's important petroleum industry base, is China's largest oilfield, Harbin is China's important power machinery base, Shenyang, Qiqihar formed the production base of metallurgical equipment, mining equipment, Changchun, Dalian formed the base of transportation machinery manufacturing.

5, the revitalization of the old industrial bases in the northeast: the state in 2003 clearly put forward the revitalization of the old industrial bases in the northeast of the development strategy, by accelerating the adjustment of industrial structure, promote innovation in the institutional mechanism, the use of high and new technology to transform traditional industries, and to support the transformation of resource-exhausted cities to enhance the realization of the comprehensive revitalization of the old industrial bases.

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