Outline of geography review with pictures in the first volume of the second day of junior high school

You ask too much! Are there no pictures in the book?

Chapter V Geographical differences in China.

I. Division of four geographical regions

(1) Special geographical significance of Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River;

① 0℃ isotherm of monthly average temperature of 65438+10;

(2) Isoprecipitation line with annual precipitation of 800㎜;

③ the dividing line between warm temperate zone and subtropical zone;

(4) the dividing line between the humid area and the semi-humid area;

⑤ The dividing line between subtropical monsoon climate and temperate monsoon climate;

⑥ The dividing line between the south and the north.

(2) The special geographical significance of Daxinganling-Yinshan-Helan Mountain-Bayankala-Gangdise Mountain:

(1) Isoprecipitation line with annual precipitation of 400㎜;

② the dividing line between semi-arid area and semi-humid area;

③ The dividing line between monsoon region and non-monsoon region;

(4) the dividing line between northwest and north;

⑤ The dividing line between inflow area and outflow area.

Second, the northern and southern regions.

Northern region, southern region

Climate type temperate monsoon climate tropical and subtropical monsoon climate

Vegetation type temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest

Crops, grains, wheat and rice

Sugar crop beet sugarcane

Oil crops peanut, soybean rape

The main fruits are apples and oranges.

3. Northwest China and Qinghai-Tibet Region

1. Arid northwest region.

Location: west of Daxinganling;

Climate: Ya Dan landform formed by wind.

Landscape: Taklimakan Desert, the largest desert in China.

From east to west, vegetation ranges from grassland to desert grassland and then to desert.

Cold Qinghai-Tibet region.

Topographic features: snow-capped mountains are continuous and glaciers are widely distributed.

3. Areas dominated by animal husbandry.

Irrigated agriculture in northwest China (melting ice and snow) Three hippos and three cows in temperate grassland pasture in Inner Mongolia pastoral area

Xinjiang fine-wool sheep in mountainous pasture of Xinjiang pastoral area

Valley agriculture in Qinghai-Tibet region

(Low altitude) Qinghai pastoral area is extremely cold.

Ranch yak,

Tibetan sheep

Tibetan pastoral area

Chapter 9 Understanding Provinces and Regions

1. Beijing, the political and cultural center of the country.

Location: Located on the northern edge of North China Plain, near Bohai Sea.

Topographic features: high in the northwest and low in the southeast.

Climate type: temperate monsoon climate.

Urban function: the national political, cultural and international exchange center.

Two. Special Administrative Region-Hong Kong and Macau

Location: Adjacent to Guangdong Province.

4. Hong Kong: 65438+July 1, 0997; Macau:1999 65438+February 20th.

3. The ways of expanding urban construction land in Hong Kong are "going to heaven"-building tall buildings, "going to sea"-reclaiming land from the sea.

4. Economic development of Hong Kong and Macao

(1) The tertiary industry in Hong Kong and Macao is developed;

(2) Hong Kong is an international trade center, transportation center, information service center and tourism center;

(3) Gambling tourism is an important pillar industry of Macao's economic development;

(4) Foreign trade is an important pillar industry of Hong Kong's economic development.

Mainland China is Hong Kong's largest entrepot trading partner.

Three, the sacred territory of the motherland-Taiwan Province Province

Location: It is near the East China Sea in the north and across the Taiwan Province Strait from Fujian Province. It is the largest island in China.

Taiwan Province Island is known as "Pearl in the Southeast Sea of the Motherland", "Rice Warehouse on the Sea", "Sweet Island in the East", "Land of Fruits", "Sea of Forests", "Southeast Salt Shore" and "Asian Natural Botanical Garden".

3. Island resources in Taiwan Province Province: Cinnamomum camphora is the most famous tree species, and its camphor production ranks first in the world.

4. Export-oriented economy:

(1) form an "import-processing-export" economy;

(2) Among the export commodities in Taiwan Province Province, manufactured goods account for the largest proportion.

5. Industrial distribution in Taiwan Province Province:

⑴ Distribution characteristics of industrial centers: mainly distributed in the west. The reason is that the population in the west is concentrated and the quality is high; There is a famous seaport with convenient transportation; Mainly plain, flat terrain; And has a long history of development.

(2) The "Silicon Valley" of Taiwan Province Province-Hsinchu Science Park (Taipei).

Ethnic groups: Han nationality, Gaoshan nationality, etc.

Four, the important position of the western development-Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Location: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, located in the northwest border of China, is the largest province in China.

4. Topographic features: "Three mountains and two basins"

3. The distribution of oasis: the piedmont plain at the edge of the basin and some areas along the river;

The water source mainly comes from precipitation in mountainous areas and melting water of snow and ice.

4. Agricultural characteristics: oasis agriculture (irrigated agriculture); Construction of diversion canals, irrigation canals, karez and other water conservancy facilities.

Main crops: wheat, corn and sorghum.

Characteristic agricultural products: mainly cotton and sugar beet.

5. The significance of west-east gas transmission (natural gas pipeline transportation):

① Westward: large-scale development of local natural gas resources;

So as to transport large quantities of natural gas products to the eastern market;

Rapidly increase local fiscal revenue;

Promote the development of other related industries and increase employment opportunities.

(2) to the east: to alleviate the energy shortage in the east;

Natural gas is a kind of clean energy, which is very beneficial to the environmental improvement in the eastern region.

Chapter VII Understanding the Regions in the Province

One is the Pearl River Delta, an open area facing the ocean.

Favorable factors of opening to the outside world

Location: Located in the southeast of Guangdong Province, at the lower reaches of the Pearl River, adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao, across the sea from Southeast Asia, with convenient land and water transportation, it is known as the "South Gate" of China.

② Human factors: It is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese with superior natural conditions, large population, developed economy and a long history of opening to the outside world.

③ Policy factors: Pearl River Delta is the earliest open area in China.

export-oriented economy

(1) has established a large number of processing and manufacturing enterprises that need more labor;

(2) The main trade channels of export products (sources of foreign capital): Hong Kong and Macao;

(3) Cooperation mode with Hong Kong and Macao: "front shop and back factory";

⑷ Compared with Hong Kong and Macao, the Pearl River Delta has gone against the trend: advanced technology and equipment, economic management methods and the latest industrial and commercial information;

5] One of the largest production and export bases of electronic and daily consumer goods in the world.

Second, Xishuangbanna, a characteristic tourist area in the southwest border.

Location: Located at the southernmost tip of Hengduan Mountains, it borders Laos and Myanmar in the south and Thailand and Vietnam through Lancang-Mekong River.

Advantages of tourism resources: ① Being located at the border, border tourism and outbound tourism can be developed nearby;

(2) Possession of primitive tropical rain forests;

③ There are various ethnic customs with Dai as the main body.

13. The factors of tourism development decline: ① the competition in the tourism market is becoming increasingly fierce;

(2) The tourist attractions are relatively scattered and have not formed a scale, which weakens the competitive strength;

(3) Illegal traders trick tourists into shopping, which affects their reputation.

Countermeasures for the decline of tourism development: ① transforming existing scenic spots and actively responding to market competition with large-scale operation;

② Strengthen the planning and transformation of scenic spots to avoid repeated construction;

③ Strengthen the supervision and management of tourist attractions, severely punish illegal traders and standardize the order of tourism management.

Chapter VIII Understanding Inter-provincial Regions

1. Loess Plateau, a special landform with criss-crossing gullies.

1. Surface features: ravines are criss-crossed and fragmented.

"Wind-formed theory" holds that the loess material in the Loess Plateau is blown from deserts and Gobi in Central Asia and Mongolia.

3. Causes of serious soil erosion

Natural reasons: ① ravines are criss-crossed and fragmented;

② Precipitation is concentrated in the months with heavy rain in summer;

③ Loess is loose in structure, and many substances are easily soluble in water.

Man-made reasons: ① Deforestation destroys the surface vegetation;

(2) Mining and road construction do not pay attention to soil and water conservation and destroy ground vegetation.

4. Consequences: ① Soil erosion takes away fertile soil on the surface and reduces crop yield;

(2) Increase, expand and deepen valleys, thus reducing the cultivated land area;

(3) It is very difficult to transport a large amount of sediment to the lower reaches of the Yellow River for river regulation and flood control.

⒌ fragile ecological environment: ① broken terrain and dry climate;

(2) Serious soil erosion and frequent droughts and floods;

(3) Its environment is difficult to recover after being destroyed by human activities.

Ecological construction: ① Biological measures: planting trees and grass, etc.

② Engineering measures: building terraces and repairing earth dams.

③ Reasonable arrangement of production activities: returning farmland to forests and grasslands on steep slopes, and reducing the number of grazing livestock in overgrazing areas.

2. Areas with rivers as their lifelines-along the Yangtze River.

1. Topography: mainly plains and low hills.

Climate characteristics: subtropical monsoon climate.

3. The role of ties:

The area along the Yangtze River, the coastal economic belt running through the north and south, and the vast area in the west constitute the pattern of the English letter "H". The Yangtze River along the Yangtze River connects the economically developed coastal areas and the resource-rich areas in the west, and is the link between the east and the west.

4. Radiation: Through numerous north-south tributaries and traffic trunk lines, the economic and technological advantages along the Yangtze River can radiate north and south, so that the north-south economy of China can be integrated. It has a strong radiation and driving effect on regional economic development.

⒌ Four urban agglomeration centers: Chongqing, Han, Ning and Shanghai.

Yanjiang industry

(1) Four industrial bases

Steel and coal industrial bases centered on Panzhihua and Liupanshui.

Electric power, metallurgy and other industrial bases centered on Yichang and Chongqing,

Wuhan-centered industrial base is an important base of China's steel and textile industry.

The industrial belt formed by Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou is the largest comprehensive industrial base in China.

⑵ Four industrial corridors along the Yangtze River: steel, automobile, petrochemical and textile.

Ecological environment problems and protection;

(1) Areas with serious soil erosion in the Yangtze River Basin: the upper reaches.

⑵ The most concentrated, serious and frequent flood disaster in the Yangtze River: the downstream area.

⑶ The acid rain area in Central China is the pollution area with the largest acid rain pollution range and the highest central intensity in China.

Southwest acid rain area is second only to Central China acid rain area.

Chapter 9 China going to the world

The world in the 21st century is a world of economic globalization.

Promote the sustainable development of this region: develop the economy according to local conditions; Strengthen the ties between regions, give full play to their respective advantages, work together, benefit each other and make full use of resources.