What are the aspects of tourism resources?

1. Concept: Various natural and cultural objects or other factors that can attract tourists to have tourism motivation and may be used for tourism activities can be called tourism resources.

Second, the classification:

1. Reason. It refers to the basic reason and process of the formation of tourism resources. For example, humanistic tourism resources are formed by human factors; Natural tourism resources exist in nature and are formed by natural reasons.

2. attributes. Attribute refers to the characteristics of an object, including state, action, relationship, etc. The attribute of tourism resources refers to the nature, characteristics, existing form and state of tourism resources. For example, historical sites, ancient buildings, tombs, gardens, religious culture, towns, social customs, literature and art in humanistic tourism resources can be divided into different categories because of their different attributes.

3. Function. The function of tourism resources refers to the function and efficiency that tourism resources can meet the needs of developing tourism activities, such as sightseeing function, leisure function and holiday function. Some tourism resources can meet the needs of various tourism activities, so they have various tourism functions. According to the different functions of tourism resources, tourism resources can be divided into different categories such as sightseeing, health care, shopping and participation.

4. Time. Tourism resources can be divided into different categories according to the time of formation. For example, architectural tourism resources can be divided into ancient buildings and modern buildings according to their formation time.

5. others. According to the different purposes and requirements of classification, there can be other different classification basis, such as development and utilization, management level, quality of tourism resources and so on.

6. Classification, Investigation and Evaluation of Tourism Resources issued by AQSIQ in 2003 A. According to the different nature of tourism resources, it is divided into eight categories. They are geographical landscape, waterscape, biological landscape, astronomical and climatic landscape, sites and relics, buildings and facilities, tourist commodities and human activities. B2。 According to the nature, form, functional characteristics and cultural connotation of tourism resources, it is further divided into 3 1 subcategory and 155 subcategory. For example, landscape categories can be divided into five sub-categories: comprehensive natural tourism destinations, sediments and structures, traces of geological and geomorphological processes, natural change relics and islands and reefs. The sub-types of geological and geomorphic processes can be divided into 14 basic types, such as convex peak, single mountain, peak cluster, rock (soil) forest, grotesque rock, gap between rock walls and rocks, canyon section, gully land, Danxia, Ya Dan and rockfill cave.

Third, characteristics

1. comprehensive

First of all, the comprehensiveness of tourism resources is manifested in the fact that tourism resources are mostly composed of different elements. For example, the mountain landscape consists of towering mountains, woodlands and clouds. The canyon landscape consists of valleys, rivers and woodlands. Some meteorological and astronomical landscapes are the result of many factors, such as rainbow, sunset, Buddha's light, etc., all of which are the result of the interaction between sunlight and a certain quality of atmosphere. Due to the relative uncertainty of these landscape forming factors, attention should be paid to meeting the action conditions of different factors in the development and utilization. Humanistic tourism resources also have comprehensive characteristics. For example, ancient villages, as a kind of tourism resources, are composed of a variety of material or intangible elements. To sum up, it can be called ecological elements, physical elements, literary elements and modal elements. Ecological factors refer to the factors that affect the relationship between villages and the environment, such as geomantic omen, topography and hydrological conditions. Physical elements refer to the architecture and structure system in the village, such as archways, houses and ancestral halls. Cultural elements refer to the cultural, artistic and ideological contents that constitute ancient villages, such as plaques, paintings and sculptures. Modal elements refer to all aspects of village social life. The above four aspects are indispensable in the formation of the overall landscape of ancient villages, and the destruction of one aspect may lead to the destruction of the overall landscape.

The comprehensiveness of tourism resources is also reflected in its development. Because the development of a single resource often has limited attraction to tourists, in practice, different types of tourism resources are often combined for joint development to form complementary advantages. For example, although the West Lake Scenic Area is dominated by lakes, it also includes a series of resource types such as hills, woodlands, ancient buildings and ancient bridges. Although the types of these resources are different, their development should be subject to the same theme, and the types of resources should be coordinated.

The comprehensiveness requires that the development and protection of tourism resources should have a holistic vision and look at the problem with a contact method. In the development, we can't just see the trees but not the forest, and carry out destructive development and construction; Protection can't cure the problem, and we should find a solution to the problem through contact.

2. Regionality

Regionality means that the distribution of tourism resources has a certain geographical scope, with regional differences and local colors. The regionality of tourism resources is caused by the following aspects: First, due to the influence of regional differentiation factors (latitude, landform, land and sea location, etc.). ), the natural environmental factors such as climate, landform, hydrology, animals and plants have regional differentiation, which leads to the regionality of natural tourism resources. For example, equatorial rainforest landscape, temperate continental desert landscape and Antarctic ice sheet landscape appear in different surface areas respectively. Secondly, due to the close relationship between human landscape and natural environment, this relationship even showed strong dependence in agricultural society and its previous historical period, and the regionality of natural landscape also led to the regionality of human landscape. For example, different nationalities have different styles of cultural activities, customs, cottages and so on.

Regionality is the fundamental factor of tourism flow. Different places have different natural and cultural environments, and tourists are born with novel and novel psychological needs, which makes tourists visit different places across space restrictions under certain conditions. In the development of modern tourism, it is required to fully tap the characteristic resources and develop unique tourism products, because in today's increasingly fierce competition in the tourism market, characteristics are the magic weapon for tourism products to have a market. It can be seen that it is an important content in resource development to correctly understand and evaluate the conditions of regional tourism resources and highlight their own characteristics.

The regionality of tourism resources is also challenged, especially the regionality of human landscape is weakening. With the development of science and technology, standardization and standardization in large-scale industrial production have been paid attention to, while local knowledge, local skills and local values have been ignored. From a global perspective, with the tide of economic globalization and integration, human landscape is experiencing the process of landscape convergence and feature disappearance. Therefore, it is urgent to protect the existing characteristic landscape resources rich in human history information and local information.

3. The immovability of tourism resources

Other resources can be exported to other places for use, or used by themselves or their own products. Tourism resources are generally fixed and immovable in the region, thus forming a regional monopoly of tourism resources. The immovability of tourism resources can be understood from the following aspects: First, natural tourism resources are masterpieces of nature, which are all formed in a certain natural geographical environment. Because of their large scale or close connection with geographical environment, they are difficult to transfer in space. For example, the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, Hukou Waterfall, Guilin landscape and other resources are all produced in a specific geographical environment, and cannot be moved or copied in different places by artificial power; Secondly, humanistic tourism resources are the product of human society under specific geographical environment and specific historical conditions, and its value is mainly reflected in the richness of human society and historical information. Because such resources are closely related to their environment, artificially separating their environmental relationship will inevitably affect the integrity, originality and authenticity of the information carried by tourism resources and reduce the value of resources. For example, the Great Wall of Wan Li in China, the Colosseum in the ancient Italian city of Rome and the pyramids in the vast Egyptian desert are closely related to their natural and human environment. Thirdly, under the condition of modern economy and technology, famous tourist resources in other places, such as miniature landscapes and garden buildings, can be copied, but because they are divorced from history and environment, imitations often lose their original charm and significance, and their vitality is very limited.

Due to the immovability of tourism resources, the development of tourism resources should generally be carried out locally, and the relocation and movement of resources and the construction of imitation landscape should be treated with caution. Due to the local development, tourists have to leave their usual place to complete their tourism activities in resource areas. Therefore, some service facilities and industries in tourist areas have been incorporated into tourism and become an important part of tourism. The quality of tourism destination or tourism products is not only affected by the quality of tourism resources, but also by services such as transportation, accommodation and reception.

4. Repeatability of tourism resources

Most other resources cannot be reused. People are consuming resources as well as products. On the contrary, with proper protection, tourism resources can be reused for a long time. Tourists usually can't take away the tourism resources themselves (except some tourism commodities), but can only take away their thoughts and impressions of the products developed by using tourism resources. Therefore, tourism resources can be reused. The developed tourism resources can still be used as resources for a new round of development or deeper development. For example, in the original tourist attractions, the cliffs originally used for viewing can be used for tourist rock climbing activities after supporting some corresponding facilities; Some rivers drift under the conditions of water depth and topography.

The factors leading to the repeated development of tourism resources mainly include the following aspects: first, any tourism product developed by tourism resources has a life cycle, that is, there is a development law of start-up, development, stability and decline. Therefore, when tourism products are in a stable or declining period, we should actively develop marketable new products; Secondly, due to the development of tourism, people's tourism needs have changed. Therefore, the same tourism resource or destination must be continuously developed in depth to meet the market demand. From the development of sightseeing tourism resources to the development of characteristic tourism and theme tourism resources, the development activities continue to deepen and develop. In the future, the role and position of high technology in the development of tourism resources will become more and more important. Increasing the content of science and technology has become an important part of deepening the development and innovation of tourism. The application of high technology can improve the quality of tourism products and give full play to the potential of tourism resources.

5. Appreciation of tourism resources

The main difference between tourism resources and general resources lies in their aesthetic characteristics and appreciation. Although tourism motivation varies from person to person and tourism content is rich and colorful, viewing activities are almost indispensable in all tourism processes, and sometimes even the core content of all tourism activities. Whether it's the beautiful scenery of the West Lake, where the water is bright, the mountains are misty and rainy, or the scenery beyond the Great Wall, where the desert is lonely and the long river falls in yen; There are also rich and colorful cultural relics, ethnic customs and delicacies, all of which have ornamental value. Appreciation is the most basic element of the attraction of tourism resources. Appreciation affects the quality of tourism resources. Generally speaking, the stronger the appreciation of tourism resources, the greater the attraction to tourists. Such as the Great Wall of Wan Li, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Dynasty, the landscape of Guilin, the Egyptian pyramids, the Colosseum in ancient Rome, the Eiffel Tower in France, Mount Fuji in Japan, the Statue of Liberty in the United States, etc., have all become world-famous tourism resources because of their strong ornamental value.

Because of the basic position of appreciation, aesthetic value is generally regarded as an important development content. In a certain sense, the development of tourism resources is to fully reflect the beauty contained in the resources, let tourists perceive and enjoy it, and discover, improve and create beauty in the process, thus generating a sense of pleasure. Aesthetic effect has become one of the main standards to measure the degree and effect of tourism resources development and utilization. Reasonable development should enable tourists to enjoy the double beauty of physiology and psychology in the process of traveling, and play a role in cultivating temperament, exercising will, establishing ideals, improving quality and cultivating interest.

Due to the differences in tourists' personality, temperament, aesthetic ability and level, as well as the differences in aesthetic feeling, richness, value, structure and layout between natural tourism resources and humanistic tourism resources, the appreciation of tourism resources is also multi-level and diversified, and tourism development should pay attention to meeting the needs of different types and stages of tourism markets. Tourism aesthetics involves both subject and object. Therefore, in order to achieve good tourism effect, in addition to beautifying the tourism landscape, we must also strengthen aesthetic education, improve the aesthetic ability and appreciation level of the whole people, and make tourism activities more meaningful.

Fourth, the reason.

Hehe, it's hard to answer. As long as the factors that attract tourists can become tourism resources, natural, humanistic, tangible, intangible, modern and ancient have their own reasons. It is necessary to analyze specific problems.

References:

Shaanxi Normal University School-level Excellent Course "Tourism Resources and Development"