Briefly introduce the customs and habits of Miao nationality in English.

Miao nationality is one of the oldest ethnic groups in China, with a large population and wide distribution, and Xiangxi Miao nationality is one of them. In the long-term historical development, Miao people have formed their own unique customs and habits in clothing, festivals, marriage, funeral, entertainment, etiquette, taboos and diet. First, there is little difference between men and women in Xiangxi Miao costume, and they are all "colorful"; Dressed in flowered clothes, pleated skirts, long hair, ochre flower handkerchiefs, boat-shaped flower shoes and various silver ornaments. During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, after the government ordered that "clothes should be divided into men and women", it changed a lot, and many people even changed into Hanfu. Today, for example, the Miao people in Yongshun and Longshan counties are no different from the Han people in dress. However, in Huayuan, Baojing, Fenghuang, Jishou, Guzhang, Luxi and other counties, Miao costumes still have their own characteristics. Miao men's clothing is relatively simple; I wear a cloth handkerchief on my head, a double-breasted coat, long sleeves and small sleeves, short pants and big pants, and I like to wrap my blue feet. There are two kinds of head handkerchief: green handkerchief and flower handkerchief. Handkerchiefs are more than a foot long, as many as three feet. When they are intertwined, they are mostly cross-shaped and as big as hats. The colors of clothes are plaid, full blue, full blue and so on. Among them, plaid cloth is the most distinctive. There are usually seven buttons. Some young people wear as many as seven clothes, which makes people envy their wealth and boldness. Only the bottom pair of buttons are buckled on the outermost garment, and the bottom two pairs are buckled on the second garment ... and so on until the innermost seven pairs of buttons are buckled. So you can see layers of new clothes from the outside, which is not interesting. Contrary to the simple costumes of Miao men, the costumes of Miao women are very delicate and complicated. Toupa: Toupa of Miao women varies from place to place. Miao women in Fenghuang County have a short handkerchief more than three feet long. From the forehead to the back of the head, even the ears are wrapped inside. Miao women in Huayuan and other counties like to use black handkerchiefs (wearing white handkerchief to prevent their parents from dying), which are neatly folded, neatly wrapped, unbiased and oblique, and tied at the end just right. Miao women in Jishou county have mixed hair, while flowers are used in the adjacent areas of Fenghuang county and black flowers are used in the adjacent areas of Huayuan county. Miao women in Luxi, Guzhang and eastern Jishou wear white headscarves. The handkerchief is embroidered with four pairs of cyan Hua Die, which is simple, beautiful and unique. The so-called "four-corner, four-corner embroidered moth" refers to this kind of white handkerchief. Jewelry: Miao women's jewelry, exquisite shape, a wide range. According to the raw materials, there are gold ornaments, silver ornaments, copper ornaments, aluminum ornaments and jade ornaments. And silver ornaments are the most common. From the wearing parts: silver hat, silver basin, rockhopper, Sushan earrings, collars, bracelets, rings, toothpicks, belt buckles, etc. And bracelets and rings must be worn often. From the modeling point of view, there is only one kind of earrings, including melon seeds hanging earrings, pomegranate earrings, plum blossom needle earrings, circle earrings, faucet earrings, plum blossom hanging melon seeds hanging earrings, rake earrings, faucet melon seeds hanging earrings and so on. Clothes and others: Miao women's clothes, long waist, big sleeves and short sleeves, no collar. The cuffs are about a foot or longer. On the chest and cuffs, it is customary to roll, embroider or wear yarn, and add railing petals. Some also need to embroider cloud-digging hooks on the front and back edges of the fork and swing. Clothing styles are full-breasted, without double-breasted. It takes dozens of working days to make a set of Miao women's underwear, which is beautifully made through sewing and embroidery. The pants are shorter and the legs are bigger. The number of piping, embroidery or yarn on the edge of trousers is the same as that of clothes. The dress is long and wide, with embroidered lines covered with waste edges, rolling railings and large and small petals, which are colorful and dazzling. The shoes are full of embroidery, with a big head and a big mouth, and the back is wearing ears. After liberation, in some areas where Miao and Han people lived together, Miao costumes were greatly influenced by Han people, and some young people also changed into Hanfu. 2. Festivals There are many Miao festivals in Xiangxi, and the scale of activities is large. Among them, the most representative are: 1. On the first month of the lunar calendar, the Miao people in Xiangxi are most keen to catch up with the New Year's Fair, and the date is decided by each place. On that day, men, women and children, dressed in festive costumes, invited each other and chased them in droves. The annual market is full of people, bustling and lively. People can not only exchange materials, but also participate in or watch activities such as swinging, lion dancing, playing with dragon lanterns and climbing ladders. Young men and women also make more use of this opportunity to find lovers and have sex. What's more, the singers show their abilities, and walk in twos and threes, saying the ancient and modern, singing together, or congratulating each other, or telling traditional stories, or improvising new words. The more people sing, the higher their interest, and the more people listen, the more energetic they are. Even if it is snowing heavily and freezing, the annual trade fair will be held as scheduled. 2. March 3rd. This is the traditional song and dance festival of Miao nationality in western Hunan. On this day, Miao people automatically gathered in the appointed singing venue to participate in singing dialogue, listening to songs, dancing and watching dances, and had a good time. 3. catch up with Qingming. This is a large-scale song meeting unique to Miao people in western Hunan, also known as "Qingming Song Meeting". According to legend, because Miao people live in remote forests, all their daily necessities have to be exchanged in remote Han areas, and they are often deceived. Therefore, the Miao people agreed to use Tomb-Sweeping Day as their venue, exchange materials with each other and meet their relatives and friends. In this way, over time, today's "Qingming Song Festival" was formed. Tomb-Sweeping Day has a traditional central venue. The Miao people in the east of Jishou catch up with Tomb-Sweeping Day, and its center venue is on the Danqing Tomb-Sweeping Day every year. At that time, Miao singers will sing with their hands on their cheeks, and you will sing and I will come on stage, beaming. Some sang until it was dark and refused to finish the meeting, singing all night. 4. Look at the Dragon Field. Every year, from the day of Grain Rain in the third month of the lunar calendar, we watch Dragon El every day, which used to be called Dragon Watching Day, and then we watch the invasion of Japan every day. Men, women and children take a day off and take an active part. If you do farm work on this day, it is a taboo. Therefore, Miao people attach great importance to "dragon watching". Miao nationality is one of the oldest ethnic groups in China, with a large population and wide distribution. Miao nationality in Xiangxi belongs to 1. In the long historical development process, Miao nationality has made great efforts in dress, festival, marriage, funeral, entertainment, etiquette, taboo, diet and so on. , formed its own unique customs.

First, there is little difference between men and women in ancient Hunan Miao costumes, which are all "painted blue"; She wore a flowered dress, a pleated skirt, long hair on her head, a flower handkerchief, boat-shaped flowers on her feet and various silver ornaments. During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, the "Great Clean Stream" and the government's directive that "both men and women should wear clothes" changed a lot, and even many people put on Hanfu. Like today's Miao people in Yongshun and Longshan counties, their clothes are no longer the same as those of the Han people. However, in Huayuan, Baojing, Fenghuang, Jishou, Guzhang, Luxi and other counties, there are characteristics of Miao costumes. Miao men's clothing is relatively simple; Touchan Bouphavanh, wearing a double-breasted costume,

Long sleeves and small, shorts and big, I'm happy to pack blue feet. There are two kinds of green Pappa and flower Pappa, both of which grow on Zhang Yi and Pappa, as high as 30 feet. When wrapped in a cross-over ramp, clothes and color grids as big as a rain hat are all green and blue. Among them, the most distinctive is flowered cloth. Generally deduct 7. Some young men dress more than seven times in order to make people envy their wealth and generosity. Only the bottom button is buckled on the outermost garment, and there are two buttons under the button on the second garment ..... and so on, until the innermost button in the seven pairs of buttons ends. In this way, layers of clothes are omnipotent from the outside, no

There is a kind of joy. Contrary to the simple costumes of Miao men, the costumes of Miao women are very complex and beautiful. Tupa: Tupa, a Miao woman, is different. Among Miao women in Fenghuang county, there is a short handkerchief, which is more than three feet long, covering the forehead, the back of the head and even the ears. For example, Miao women in Huayuan County like to use black handkerchief (the white handkerchief worn by the deceased parents), which is neatly folded, neatly wrapped and pulled to the end impartially, just the amount of Qi Mei. The Miao women in Jishou County live together in Toupaduo, and Baohua area in Fenghuang County is adjacent to Baohua area in Huayuan County. Luhe, Guzhang and Jishou Miao in the eastern region.

Women are bags of white Toupa. Pa embroidered with four pairs of blue admirals, simple and beautiful, unique charm. The so-called "four corners of the overhead handkerchief embroidered with moths" is such a white handkerchief. Jewelry: Miao women's jewelry, exquisite shapes and varieties. According to the production raw materials, there are gold, silver, copper ornaments and aluminum ornaments, and silver ornaments are the most common substitute for jade. From the wearing parts: silver hat, silver pen, rockhopper, Suzhou fan earrings, necklaces, bracelets, rings, toothpicks, buckles and so on.

And in order to wear bracelets and rings, you should be formal. From the modeling, there is only one kind of earrings, including seed earrings, garnet earrings, plum blossom pin earrings, round earrings, faucet earrings, plum blossom seed earrings, rake DCB earrings, faucet seed earrings and so on. Underwear and others: Miao women's clothes, too big waist length, big, short sleeves, no collar. The cuffs are a foot or more long. Chest and sleeves, which are used to sewing machines, embroider yarns or strands, and want to increase their petals to ask the railings. Some need to split the embroidery and dig a cloud hook around the edge. Clothing styles are all full-breasted without exception, and there is no double-breasted style. Production of underwear for Miao women, sewing work

Exquisite embroidery requires dozens of man-days Shorts, pants are bigger. Pants beside the sewing machine, embroidery, or the same number of yarns as clothes. Li Long's skirt is wide, with floral patterns embroidered all over the skirt, and it is colorful and dazzling with the size of rolls and petals. Shoes are full of embroidery, head and sharp mouth, the latter keeps up with our ears for wearing. After liberation, in some mixed areas of Han Miao, Miao costumes were influenced by the Han nationality, and some young people changed to Chinese costumes.

Second, Xiangxi Miao festivals are more festive, with many activities and large scale. The most representative ones are: 1. Expulsion year field. On the first day of the first lunar month, the most enthusiastic thing for the Miao people in western Hunan is to rush to the scene, which is a date agreed by all localities themselves. Expulsion year field. On that day, men, women and children dressed in festive costumes flocked to Chang Gan to invite each other. Years of fields, flowing waves, bustling, white-hot. It can not only exchange materials, but also participate in or watch activities such as swinging, lion dancing, playing with dragons and upside down. Many young men and women also take this opportunity to find lovers and fall in love. Ron Song Song's mother is flourishing, and she got together at the age of 35.

Talking about today's trail, they sang along with each other and joined the chorus, or packaged, or congratulated, or traditional narrative stories, or improvised new words. The more people sing, the more energetic they are, and the more people listen, the more energetic they are. Even if it snows and is cold, the annual sports meeting should be held as scheduled. 2. March 3rd. This is the traditional song and dance festival of Miao nationality in western Hunan. On this day, Miao people's songs automatically gathered in court and agreed to participate in duet, singing, dancing, watching dancing and having fun. 3. catch up with Qingming. This is a large-scale Miao Song Festival unique to western Hunan, also known as the "Qing Song and Ming Festival". According to legend, because many Miao people are scattered in remote mountainous areas, all daily necessities must go to more remote Han areas.

Chang Gan Stock Exchange is often fooled. Therefore, the Miao people can take Tomb-Sweeping Day as a venue for their gathering, exchange goods and get together with their relatives and friends. Way. Over time, these will become today's Qingming Song Festival. The Qingming Song Festival has a traditional central venue. The Mia people who drive east of Jishou are clear and bright, and their central hall is in beautiful fields every year in Tomb-Sweeping Day. At this time, the Miao singer started to sing, and you can sing and I will appear. Some sang until dusk and refused to close, and sang until dawn. 4. Look at Nagata. Grain Rain begins every year on the day of the third month of the lunar calendar.

On that date, Chen went to see the dragon. After using 12 days, he asked the dragon to rotate the wonders of Chen Yi's day, and then he went to see the dragon every day, for all ages, on rest days. If, on this godforsaken farm, they are taboo. Therefore, Miao people attach great importance to "watching dragons".